feedback Flashcards
intrinsic feedback
Information from within
eg physically feeling a shot in tennis was good
advantages of intrinsic feedback
•Good at the autonomous stage
•kinesthesis helps fluency of the skill
•Allows the performer to have more attentional space (less to think about) therefore…
…the performer has time to think about or focus on peripheral stimuli
disadvantages of intrinsic feedback
•Less effective at cognitive and associative stages
•Can hinder learning if overused
•Can be demotivating at the cognitive and associative stages
extrinsic feedback
Information from outside sources.
e.g. the coach tells the learner how to play a golf shot often after performance
advantages of extrinsic feedback
•Good at the cognitive and associative stages of learning
•Helps understand the correct pattern of movement
•Teaches the performer to know how to focus on/use intrinsic feedback
•Can be a source of positive reinforcement
disadvantages of extrinsic feedback
•Learner can become too dependent on extrinsic feedback
therefore…
…less effective in developing kinesthesis which is needed to reach the autonomous stage
•If overused, its effectiveness as a source of positive reinforcement is lessened
positive feedback
Positive feedback is given by the coach when the movement is correct.
e.g. when controlling the ball in basketball
Advantages of positive feedback
-Good at the cognitive and associative stages of learning
-Indicates which part of the skill has been performed correctly
-Gives confidence
-Improves motivation
Disadvantages of positive feedback
-Less effective at the autonomous stages when mistakes need to be identified
-Ineffective if unspecific or imprecise
-Loses impact if used too often
Negative feedback
Negative feedback is given by the coach and when the movement is incorrect or could be improved.
e.g. when control of the ball is lost
Advantages of negative feedback
-Good at the autonomous stages (helps them stay there)
-Can finely tune well learned skills
-Motivating for performer at the autonomous stage
Disadvantages of negative feedback
-Can hinder learning if overused
-Can be demotivating at the cognitive and associative stages
Knowledge of results
information about the outcome or result of the movement. It is extrinsic.
e.g. a pass in hockey
Advantages of knowledge of results
-Good at cognitive & associative stages
-Allows correction after the movement or outcome of the movement
-Enables skills to be modified
-Good for open skills because the outcome/result (not technique) is the measure of success.
e.g. whether the pass in hockey is successful (not whether it looks good)
Disadvantages of knowledge of results
-Not as effective at autonomous stage
-Can only be used after movement has been completed…
…not as effective in some closed skills, because technique is often the measure of success
e.g. a gymnastic vault is judged on good technique or how it looks
