Guidance

Question 1

Visual guidance

Answer 1

-The learner watches a model to form a mental image.
-a demonstration, pictures,charts,guidance lines
Eg a demonstration of a pass in rugby

Question 2

Verbal guidance

Answer 2

The learner is told what to do, spoken instructions, good for feedback.
Eg telling a player which tactics to use

Question 3

Manual guidance

Answer 3

The learner is given physical support by the teacher, moving the joints or limbs through the movement, manipulating the learners body to try and develop kinaesthesis.
Eg physical support during a forehand in tennis

Question 4

Mechanical guidance

Answer 4

The learner uses equipment or apparatus to help performance, supporting the body through the movement using apparatus to develop confidence.
Eg a harness in trampolining

Question 5

Advantages of visual guidance

Answer 5

-forms a mental image
- increases understanding of movement requirements
-corrects errors
- motivates the learner
-good at the cognitive stage

Question 6

Disadvantages of visual guidance

Answer 6

-not effective if demo is poor.
- demo loses impact if too complex or static.
- demo should be supported by verbal
- no feedback so less effective at autonomous stage.

Question 7

advantages of verbal guidance

Answer 7

-builds on knowledge gained by
visual guidance
-helps to develop understanding of detail
-Autonomous stage
-can focus on key aspects/most relevant cues
-motivates
-corrects errors

Question 8

disadvantages verbal guidance

Answer 8

•not effective if too much info is given or of too negative
•confusing at cognitive stage
•incorrect or unclear info given
•some skills are too complex for just verbal

Question 9

advantages of manual guidance

Answer 9

-corrects errors.
-gives confidence/ good for dangerous skills.
-autonomous stage = helps to develop more complex skills.
-effective at cognitive stage.
-feeling of the movement/ kinaesthesia develops things.

Question 10

Disadvantages of manual guidance

Answer 10

-cannot correct errors themselves
- close proximity could be uncomfortable for learners
-ineffective if used too much (reliant)
-limits kinaesthesia
-learner must trust coach

Question 11

Advantages of mechanical guidance

Answer 11

-corrects errors
-Gives confidence ( dangerous skills)
-Gives a feeling of the movement
-May motivate to pursues the sport
-helps autonomous performers do complex skills

Question 12

Disadvantages of mechanical guidance

Answer 12

• learner cannot correct errors themselves
• May develop (too much) confidence putting learner at risk
• ineffective if used too long (reliant)
• Limits kinaesthesia
• learner must trust apparatus