FEEDSTUFF Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is forages also called?
Roughage
What is forage (roughage)?
Plants utilized in the feeding of livestock.
Forage is better for which species? And less for..?
Ruminants, horses and rabbits perform better on roughage than swine or poultry.
Is roughage or cereals that has more carbohydrates?
Cereals!
What are the two major types of herbage? Give few examples for each.
Grasses: Timothy (cool season), Bermuda (warm season)
Legumes: Alfalfa, clovers
What ability do legumes have that grasses doesn’t?
Legumes have the ability to “fix” nitrogen from atmosphere = higher protein content!!
What are the two other different type of herbage (not really talked about in class)?
Forbs: non-woody plants
Browse: woody plants
How is the young and mature plants different?
Young plant cell has single outer layer (primary cell wall) = higher palatability and digestibility!
Mature plant cell has a second layer on the inside of the cell (secondary cell wall) = reduced palatability and digestibility!
Also, more mature plants have more lignin = more woody = less digestible!
Is plant cell wall well digestible in every animal?
No! Monogastrics have a limited ability to digest plant cell wall compounds
p.s. Forage eaters need microbes to ferment the cell wall constituents into usable nutrients.
The forage break down!
Look slides 5 in ppt feedstuff!
Dry Matter Intake (DMI) can be calculated, how?
Why animal eat less high DMI forages?
DMI can be estimated with the % of NDF in forages:
120/%NDF = DMI (as a percentage of Body Weight)
As the % of NDF in forages increases (so increase in DMI), the palatability decrease = animal consume less!
Exercice: NDF value of forage is 40%, what is the DMI?
120/40 = 3% of body weight (BW)
How does the relative feed value (RFV) is estimated?
RFV is estimated from the feed intake (fiber content) and the digestibility of dry matter (DDM);
RFV = (%DDM x %DMI) / 1.29
Does RFV have units? Explain
No units! It is just a way to compare forage quality.
What does it mean to have a high RFV?
A High RFV mean that in the forage has a high feed value, meaning high digestibility.
What has the higher RFV between alfalfa prebud, alfalfa bud, alfalfa midbud and alfalfa mature? And why?
In order from higher RFV to lower:
- alfalfa prebud
- alfalfa bud
- alfalfa midbud
- alfalfa mature
Because alfalfa has a lower ADF and NDF %, so less cellulose and lignin which are less digestible.
What happen if we mix alfalfa with grass?
It dilute the crude protein that is presence in high % inside the alfalfa.
How does the crude protein, ADF, NDF and RFV present in corn with ears, less, or not?
Corn with ears has more crude protein, less ADF and NDF = higher RFV, than corn with less ears or none.
What is more digestible an immature grass, immature legume, mature grass or mature legume? Why?
Immature grass:
- Has the highest digestible cell wall and cell content because it has low lignin in the cell wall and dry matter. it has the highest cell wall and dry matter digestibility.
Immature legume:
- High lignin % in cell wall, but lower dry matter % in cell wall = second most digestible.
Mature grass:
- Has little higher lignin in cell wall (while still lower % than in immature legume) combines with a high dry matter % in the cell wall = lower digestibility.
Mature legume:
- Has the highest %DM in cell wall and highest %lignin in cell wall = least digestible!
Why is it advantageous to mix legumes and grasses in pastures?
Because they both bring something different.
Legumes has a high crude protein concentration and lower dry matter in cell wall.
While the grasses, have lower lignin and the dry matter is usually quite digestible (high dry matter digestibility %).
What is the difference between Hay (foin) and Straw (paille)?
First, they both start as field crop!
Hay is cut before the plant goes to seed so the nutrients are kept in the plant. Cut to early to let the nutrient leave the plant into the seeds/grains.
Straw: byproduct of grain or seed production. Most common is wheat. After cutting the wheat part (top part), the rest is cut of plants (la tige) = that’s the straw!
Is straw or hay best quality? Higher digestibility? Explain.
Hay has the highest quality and digestibility!
Straw has less nutritional value, higher cellulose/lignin. Usually used to dilute the ration of hay.
What is silage made from?
From grass that was preserved (without first drying) by partial fermentation in anaerobic conditions which produces acid.
“Haylage” is silage product, with what is it made?
From forage grasses or legumes (lower moisture and DM)
