Feedstuff Charscterization

Question 1

classes of cut dried forage

Answer 1

grasses
legumes
forbs
browse

Question 2

T/F all ruminants generally have a similar preference for forages

Answer 2

FALSE. cows prefer grasses and goats prefer shrubs/trees

Question 3

mineral supplements

Answer 3

bone meal
calcium carbonate
limestone

Question 4

vitamin supplements

Answer 4

fish oil
wheat germ
vitamin A acetate
Vitamin D3 acetate

Question 5

classes of feed additives

Answer 5

antibiotics
buffers
antioxidants
chemical preservatives
pellet binding agents
probiotics

Question 6

what type of feed is generally high in calcium

Answer 6

roughages

Question 7

what type of feed is generally high in phosphorous

Answer 7

concentrates

Question 8

what type of feed are cereal grains

Answer 8

carbonaceous concentrates

Question 9

milling by products of cereal grains

Answer 9

gluten feed
middlings
hominy feed
grain screenings
misc

Question 10

by-product dry feeds for carbonaceous concentrates

Answer 10

beet pulp
citrus pulp
dried bakery products

Question 11

T/F the dry feed by products of cereal grains have much lower energy that the cereal grains themselves

Answer 11

FALSE. they can have energy equal to the cereal grains

Question 12

types of grain processing

Answer 12

hammer milling
dry rolling
steam flaking
high moisture reconsituted

Question 13

what are the top two plant based sourced of quality ptotein

Answer 13

1-SBM
2-canola meal

Question 14

which species can meat and bone meal not be fed to? why?

Answer 14

ruminants/cows. BSE

Question 15

warm season grasses

Answer 15

indian grass
switchgrass
side-oats gamma
buffalo grass
lovegrass
bermuda grass(tifton 85)
dallisgrass
bahiagrass
kleingrass
johnsongrass
forage sorghum
sudangrass
crabgrass
pearl millet
sorghum-sudan hybrids

Question 16

cool season grasses

Answer 16

timothy
kentucky bluegrass
smooth bromegrass
orchardgrass
tell fescue
ryegrass
wheatgrass
oats
barley
triticale

Question 17

what part of the plant is used for corn silage

Answer 17

the whole plant

Question 18

what part of the plant is used for sorghum silage

Answer 18

whole plant chopped

Question 19

what part of the plant is used for stover silage

Answer 19

plant residue left after harvest

Question 20

T/F immature forages are proteinaceous roughages and mature are carbonaceous roughages

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

what type of feed are legumes

Answer 21

proteinaceous roughages

Question 22

where is direct-cut silage used

Answer 22

dairies

Question 23

pasture grazing systems

Answer 23

continuous grazing
strip grazing
rotational grazing
first-last rotational grazing
limit grazing
creep grazing

Question 24

what is the least efficient grazing system

Answer 24

continuous grazing

Question 25

what is strip grazing

Answer 25

using temporary fences to keep cattle in a smaller section of a large pasture

Question 26

rotational grazing

Answer 26

many smaller segments in pasture that cattle rotate through

Question 27

disadvantages of rotational grazing

Answer 27

labor intensive water must be in every segment

Question 28

what can be used to decrease labor in rotational grazing

Answer 28

virtual fence collars

Question 29

first-last rotational grazing

Answer 29

rotational grazing but with 2 groups. High energy requirement animals graze section first then lower animals graze after

Question 30

limit grazing

Answer 30

2 pastures, one with high quality, one with low quality. cattle have limited access to high quality

Question 31

creep grazing

Answer 31

similar to limit grazing, nursing animals have free reign to high quality but not adults

Question 32

methods of using forage

Answer 32

pasture grazing hay direct-cut silage silage

Question 33

what must the moisture content be to bail hay

Answer 33

15% or less

Question 34

hay making systems

Answer 34

loose haystacks bailed pellets

Question 35

3 reasons for hay loss

Answer 35

metabolic loss weather loss mechanical loss

Question 36

metabolic loss for hay

Answer 36

as hay dries respiration continues causing loss of carbohydrates

Question 37

weather loss for hay

Answer 37

prolongs respiration leach soluble nutrients

Question 38

mechanical loss

Answer 38

leaf shattering

Question 38

strategies to prevent hay field losses

Answer 38

mower-conditioner drying agents preservatives silage wrappers

Question 39

how doe mower-conditioner decrease field losses

Answer 39

decrease drying time of stems

Question 40

when are drying agents applied

Answer 40

when plant is cut

Question 41

how do preservatives decrease field loss

Answer 41

allow hay to be bailed with 30% moisture instead of 15%

Question 42

when are preservatives applied to prevent hay loss

Answer 42

when plants are bailed

Question 43

disadvantages to preservatives

Answer 43

they are made from propionic acid which is caustic and can damage machines if not cleaned well

Question 44

how do silage wrappers decrease field loss

Answer 44

create air tight wrap allowing hay to be bailed with 50% moisture

Question 45

types of feeders ranked from most hay loss to least

Answer 45

open-bottom ring feeder sheeted-bottom ring feeder sheeted-bottom cone feeder

Question 46

T/F limiting the time cows have access to hay is a good way to decrease feed loss

Answer 46

true

Question 47

length of fermentation process for silage

Answer 47

2-3 weeks

Question 48

disadvantages of silage

Answer 48

inflexibility in marketing expensive equipment

Question 49

types of silos

Answer 49

air-tight upright stave upright plastic air-tight horizontal concrete trench horizontal dirt trench

Question 50

what is the most popular silo type

Answer 50

horizontal concrete trench

Question 51

how long does the aerobic phase of silage take

Answer 51

1 day

Question 52

what kills anaerobic microbes in silos

Answer 52

acetic acid is produced lowering the pH, when pH hits 4 microbes die