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.infection & immunity > Feline diseases > Flashcards

Feline diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Parvoviridae characteristics

A

Can cause disease in felids, raccoon, minks (DNA)
CP strains can cause FPV
Most common in kittens infected @ weaning

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2
Q

Parvoviridae in felines causes ___________

A

Feline panleukemia virus

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3
Q

Transmission of Feline panleukemia

A

Direct contact with infected cats or fomites
Fleas and humans mechanical vectors
Sheds in feces, urine, saliva and vomitus

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4
Q

CS of Feline panleukemia

A

Profound leukopenia direct cause of sudden death (peracute)
Lymphopenia + neutropenia
Fever (24hrs +)

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5
Q

Acute stage of Feline panleukemia

A

High temp on the 3rd or 4th day
Rough coat, loss of appetite, vomit
Frequently bloody diarrhea
Death due to dehydration

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6
Q

Perinatal/ in utero infection of kittens with Feline panleukemia

A

Abnormal development of the cerebellum
Ataxic
@ 3 wks = spastic/ Wobbly cat syndrome

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7
Q

Pathogenesis of Feline panleukemia (resp.)

A

Virus enters the oropharynx (viral replication) → disseminates in blood → S phase cells targeted and killed

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8
Q

Pathogenesis of Feline panleukemia (GI)

A

Intestinal crypts infected and destroyed → ulceration, malabsorption and diarrhea

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9
Q

Pathogenesis of Feline panleukemia (in-utero infection)

A

Hypoplasia/ atrophy in the external granular layer of the cerebellum in fetuses during the last 2 wks of pregnancy and first 2 weeks of life

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10
Q

Dx of Feline panleukemia

A

CS, hematological data and post mortem findings sufficient
Others: ELISA, IF i tissues, PCR, IDEXX Snap parvo test

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11
Q

Immunity and control of Feline panleukemia

A

Inactivated and live modified virus vx @ > 4 wks old
Hygiene and disinfectants
Infected animals quarantined for 14 days

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12
Q

Retroviridae (Feline Immunodeficiency virus) characteristics

A

Domesticated cats worldwide
Significant cause of immune suppression in old infected cats

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13
Q

3 stages of FIV

A

Acute: lymphadenopathy, fever, leukemia
Sub-clinical: active immune response
Terminal: progressive loss of immune function, opportunistic infections and neoplasia

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14
Q

CS in the terminal stages of FIV

A

Opportunistic bacterials and fungal infections in the mouth (stomatitis), periodontal tissue, cheeks and tongue

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15
Q

Transmission of FIV

A

Bite wounds
Shed in saliva

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16
Q

In what stage can FIV be detected in the blood

A

Acute stage

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17
Q

FIV in the blood

A

Suppression of circulating viral load
↑ CD8+ and CD4+ T cells → then decline and cat susceptible to infection

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18
Q

Dx of FIV

A

SNAP test: Abs to p24 capsid protein (can’t diff between vx and non vx infected cats)
Virus culture *** (gold standard)
PCR with serological assays

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19
Q

Confirmatory dx of FIV

A

Cats @ low risk and asymptomatic but exposed or + by SNAP and unvx
Use Western blot and IF assays

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20
Q

Do kittens get infected with FIV?

A

Not really if < 6 months old due to maternal Abs

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21
Q

Retroviridae (Feline leukemia and sarcoma) taxonomy

A

Subfamily: Orthoretovirinae
Genus: Gammaretrovirus

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22
Q

Feline leukemia and sarcoma (FeLV)

A

Enzootic in domestic cats and other felids
Lifelong, incurable infectious disease

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23
Q

Risk factors of FeLV

A

Free access to outdoors
Age ( young < 6 months)
Male gender

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24
Q

FeLV transmission

A

Grooming, transplacental/ nursing, bit wounds and fleas
Contact wit saliva, urine and feces

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25
Q

Pathogenesis of FeLV

A

Oropharyngeal →replication in lymphoid tissues → spread to BM via monos, lymphos, mucosal and glandular epithelial cells

26
Q

3 types of neoplasia caused by FeLV

A

Lymphosarcoma**
Myeloproliferative disease
Fibrosarcoma

27
Q

CS of FeLV

A

Anemia, immunodeficiency and bacterial infection

28
Q

Lesions associated with FeLV

A

Firm homogenous pale tissue of neoplastic lymphocytes (white raised lesions)

29
Q

Ags of FeLV

A

High level in blood
Produced during infection from immune complexes of Ab-Ag that gets deposited in capillaries in kidney → glomerulonephritis

30
Q

Transient Viremia (latent stage) of FeLV

A

Detected in first few weeks to months
Cats control infection by good level of Abs
Absent in blood
Provirus in blood, absent in tissue → not infective
Reactivated if cat immunosuppressed

31
Q

Progression infection of FeLV

A

Cant control infection/ virus
Develop lymphomas and secondary bacterial infection
Shed virus → source of infection

32
Q

Dx of FeLV

A

SNAP: p27 Ag in blood within 1 mon of exposure: repeated every 1-3 m
PCR (presence of provirus)
IFA with WBC/BM

33
Q

Vx for FeLV

A

Whole inactivated vx with varied efficacy
Subunit vx most effective
Recc for - cats only

34
Q

Lymphocyte T-cell Immunomodulator (LTCI)

A

First USDA approved treatment aid for cats with FeLV and FIV
↑ CD4 lympho function and #s and ↑ IL-2 production

35
Q

Which species does feline caliciviridae affect?

A

Infects many species (birds, marine mammals, rodents, cats, dogs, etc)
Affects any age of cats but kittens more severe

36
Q

Feline Caliciviridae

A

Genetically heretogenous (RNA)
Genus: vesivirus

37
Q

Mild infection of feline caliciviridae

A

Affects oral epithelium (oral ulceration) , resp. infection and pneumonias

38
Q

High virulent systemic strains of feline caliciviridae

A

SQ facial and limb edema, icterus, alopecia
Striking ulceration of nose, pinnae, feet

39
Q

Feline caliciviridae transmission

A

Fomites
Direct contact between cats
Aerosol
Shed oral secretions for extended periods

40
Q

Dx of feline caliciviridae

A

Isolation of virus in feline cell culture
Viral Ag in infected tissue by IF, IHC, RT-PCR (healthy cats may test +)
Serology

41
Q

Vx for feline caliciviridae

A

Modified live virus vx and multi-strain vx (intra nasal)

42
Q

Core vx for cats

A

FPV, FHV-1, FCV, Rabies

43
Q

Decontamination of sources of infection (feline caliciviridae)

A

Sodium hypochlorite solution
* if not used properly can cause lesions*

44
Q

Felid Herpesvirus 1 (Feline viral rhinotracheitis)

A

Causes acute disease of the upper resp. tract (cats in their first year of life)- DNA
Sub-clinical/ mild in cats > 6 months

45
Q

CS of Felid Herpesvirus 1/ Feline viral rhinotracheitis

A

Resp. signs
Pregnant queens may abort

46
Q

Macroscopic lesions of Felid Herpesvirus 1

A

Ulcers on the tongue
Keratitis with punctate corneal ulcers

47
Q

Microscopic lesions of Felid Herpesvirus 1

A

Necrosis of epithelia of the nasal cavity, pharynx, epiglottis, tonsils, larynx and trachea
IBs → death within 7-9 dys

48
Q

________ is an important cause of corneal disease in cats

A

FHV-1

49
Q

Which diseases does coronaviridae cause?

A

Feline enteric coronavirus
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Coronavirdiae is a DNA virus

50
Q

Feline enteric coronavirus (FECV)

A

Mutation leads to FIP
Endemic in cats (90% catteries, 50% single)
Involves multiple organs

51
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

A

Progressive immune mediated debilitating lethal disease of felidae
In young and very old (3m-3y)
Abdominal effusion (wet type) and dry type

52
Q

FIP CS for dry type

A

Anorexia, chronic fever, malaise, WL
Ocular/ neurological signs might occur
May progress to wet form

53
Q

FIP CS of the wet form

A

Progressive abdominal distension → highly viscous fluid in the PC
Death within weeks

54
Q

Cats that develop the dry and wet forms of FIP

A

Foci of pyogranulamatous inflammation in several organs

55
Q

FIP pathogenesis

A

Fecal-oral → infection of monos and macros → shields virus fro Abs and triggers inflamm cytokines

56
Q

Lesions of FIP

A

Centered on small BVs
Vascular injury due to Ab-AG complexes and leakage
(wet form)

57
Q

Gross pathology of FIP

A

Thick, Viscous, clear yellow peritoneal exudate (wet form)
Fibrinous plaques with numerous discrete gray-white modules in omentum, liver, kidney, brain, uvea)

58
Q

DX of FIP (antenortem)

A

Suggestive of FIV=
Serum biochemical tests: hyperproteinemia due to hypergloinemia
IF of CoAg in macros
RT-PCR

59
Q

Dx of FIP (postmortem)

A

Definitive dx: immunohistochemical staining for coronavirus Ag within lesions → pyogranulomatous or granulomatous vasculitis

60
Q

Immunity and control of FIP

A

Temp- sensitive mutant vx for young cats → immune response to vx enhances infections
Control: hygiene and separation of queen and kittens

.infection & immunity (12 decks)

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