Sample collection Flashcards
(24 cards)
Sample collection site
Pathogenesis and CS important to collect from the right site
Blood may not be useful (no viremia)
Timing of sample collection
Max conc. @ the onset of CS, ↓ a few days after
Fixation or no fixation of samples
Fixation for histopathology
Non-fixed for EM and PCR
How can tissues be fixed?
10% neutral buffered formalin
Undiluted buffered formalin concentrates (37% formaldehyde) not used→ dilute 10% with water
Swabs require ____________
Special media
Temperature and media
Virus isolation sample kept cold and moist, not frozen unless kept for weeks (IF with nitrogen)
Sampling methods of the intestines
Swab, endoscopic biopsy
Swab for intestines
Diarrhea
Insert → press on mucosa and rotate → place swab in special medium → store between cool pads
Endoscopic biopsy for intestines
For chronic diarrhea, vomit, WL or intestinal mass
Mucosa lining, surgical biopsy may be required
Fecal material for intestines
Suspected intestinal infection or diarrhea
Collect in tight container
Store between cold pads
Sampling methods for skin lesions
Vesicles or punch biopsy
Closed vesicles
Aspirate fluid with a syringe → place in a tight container → store between cold pads
Opened vesicles
Swab/ smear skin areas
Punch biopsy
For cutaneous, pigmented, and inflammatory lesions and chronic skin disorders
Local anesthetic and suturing may be required
Store in formalin
Skin other than lesions (ear notch for BVD)
Easy to collect and ship
Not affected by presence of maternal Abs
Multiple tests with one sample
Shipped dry, in PBS or stored frozen
Oral and nasal cavities
Swab: insert, press firm and rotate, store in tight container and between cold pads
Secretions: Aspirate with syringe (no needle), place in tight container and store between cold pads
Smear: standard and thick line
Endometrium (mare)
Non-pregnant mare in estrus or true anestrus
During late estrus (best time)
Use guarded 25’ swab
How do you use the guarded swab on the cervix or endometrium
Sterile, use disposable plastic lubricated vagina speculum to insert the guarded swab
Other female genitalia in the mare
External os of the cervix (if not pregnant)
Clitoral fossa (standard swab, 8 in)
Clitoral sinuses (steril minitip swab on aluminum wire shaft, central sinus,)
T/F: Do not wash external genitalia unless evidence of severe soiling
TRUE
use sterile saline and cotton
Culture sites of male genitals
Distal end of the urethra
Fossa glandis (360 degrees around)
Urethral sinus (into the diverticulum)
Shaft of the penis/ prepuce
Semen (with artificial vag)
Volume of specimen type
Resp tract: 5-10 mL of fluid
CNS: 0.5-1 mL of CSF
Blood: 8-10 mL
Steps before sending off sample
- Label with species, #, tissue location
- Case history
- Meds and abx used
- list of differentials and presumptive dx
Categories of viral infections
Category A: send to the state vet
Category B: Everyday virus
