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Female Reproductive Biology > Female anatomy > Flashcards

Female anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Major reproductive organs

A
  • ovaries
  • fallopian tubes (oviducts, uterine tubes
  • uterus
  • vagina
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2
Q

List the supporting structures

A
  • broad ligament
  • ovarian ligament
  • suspensory ligament
  • round ligament
  • uterosacral ligament
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3
Q

Broad ligament

A

supports ovaries and oviducts

-attaches them to walls and floor of pelvic cavity

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4
Q

ovarian ligament

A

ovaries to uterus

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5
Q

suspensory ligament

A

ovaries to lateral pelvic wall

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6
Q

round ligament

A

uterus to anterior pelvic wall

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7
Q

uterosacral ligament

A

cervix of uterus to sacrum

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8
Q

ovaries

  • func
  • structure
A
  • female gonads
  • func: produce ova thru oogenesis and produce hormones
  • covered by outer germinal epithelium and inner Tunica albuginea (CT)
  • Outer cortex = follicles with oocytes and oocyte development
  • Inner medulla = blood vessels and nerves
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9
Q

ovarian follicles

  • what’s in them
  • what are the stages
A

-each houses an oocyte (primary = 2n; secondary = 1n)

Stages:

  • primordial
  • primary
  • secondary
  • tertiary/ graafian/ vesicular/ antral
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10
Q

Primordial follicles

A
  • single layer of FLAT cells (granulosa cells) around primary oocyte
  • “bird nest”
  • appear during fetal development
  • born with 2 million
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11
Q

Primary follicles

A
  • primary oocyte enlarges
  • oocyte secretes glycoprotein that surrounds the oocyte –> zona pellucida

Zona granulosa

  • Early stage: granulosa cells are single layer of cuboidal cells
  • Late stage: multiple layers of granulosa cells

Thecal cells appear around follicle –> flat

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12
Q

Secondary follicles

A
  • primary oocyte enlarges more
  • zona pellucida thickens
  • zona granulosa increases in thickness (more cells) –> secretes follicular fluid that accumulates bt cells
  • theca interna forms –> increase in thecal cells around follicle
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13
Q

Tertiary Follicles

A
  • Antrum forms –> fluid filled areas merge and almost completely surround oocyte
  • More thecal cells –> theca interna and theca externa
  • granulosa cells: corona radiata surround oocyte and is part of cumulus oophorus
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14
Q

Ovulation

A
  • thinning and weakening of follicular wall of most developed follicle –> ruptures
  • secondary oocyte passes through tear in follicular wall along with corona radiata and zona pellucida
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15
Q

How long does it take a follicle to fully develop?

A

about a year

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16
Q

Corpus luteum

A
  • ruptured follicle remnants
  • Antrum fills with clotted blood (corpus hemorrhagicum)
  • blood is absorbed
  • endocrine cells secrete homones (granulosa and theca interna cells)
  • starts to degenerate after 10 days if no pregnancy
17
Q

corpus albicans

A
  • corpus luteum degenerates and fills with CT (scar)

- nonfunctional

18
Q

follicular atresia

A
  • atresia = apoptosis
  • follicles at any stage of dvlpmnt may die
  • most (99.9%) die
  • only 400,000 primordial follicles by puberty
  • Menopause happens when they’re all gone
19
Q

Oviducts

A
  • 4” long
  • Infundibulum: opens to peritoneal cavity with fimbriae
  • ampulla: site for fertilization
  • isthmus
  • intramural: connection to uterus
20
Q

oviduct cells

A
  • some are ciliated (fimbriae def are)
  • facilitates movement of oocyte

Nonciliated cells of lining secrete mucus –> provide nutrients and moisture –> covered with microvilli

smooth muscles in walls –> contraction helps move oocyte

21
Q

Uterus

A

Fundus = entrance of oviducts

  • body
  • isthmus

Cervix

  • internal and external os
  • cervical canal
  • secretes mucus
  • connects to vaina
22
Q

layers of uterus

A

Perimetrium
-protection

Myometrium

  • thickest layer
  • contraction during birth, orgasm, cramps

Endometrium

  • glands and blood vessels
  • Stratum basale
  • stratum functionalis (proliferates and sheds)
23
Q

arteries of stratum basale vs stratum functionalis

A

coiled vs not

24
Q

vagina

A

fornices: recesses around external os (can be sperm reservoirs)

Hymen = membrane at vaginal orifice
Lining (mucosa)
muscular wall (muscularis)
Rugae

Func: passage for period, babies, and penises

25
Q

Mucosa

A
  • thick lining of cells protecting vagina from friction
  • Rugae = folds that allow distension
  • Secretion of glycogen (regulated by estrogen) –> resitent lactobacilus metabolize it into lactic acid which is anti sperm and bacteria

-Sometimes antibiotics can increase risk of yeast infection

26
Q

mons pubis

A
  • mound of fatty tisue over pubic bone articulation (pubic synthesis)
  • covered with skin and hair
27
Q

Labia majora

A
  • 2 fatty folds of skin that enclose the labia minora folds
  • hair, sweat, and oil glands
  • homologous to scrotum
28
Q

labia minora

A
  • 2 folds of skin that cover the vestibule
  • oil glands
  • no hair
29
Q

clitoris

A
  • many touch receptors and highly vascular
  • glans is exposed
  • clitoral prepuce = fold of skin where labia minora folds come together
  • homologous to penis
30
Q

vestibule

A

-greater vestibular glands (bartholin’s glands) secrete mucus to keep area wet and lubricated

External urethral orifice : pee

Varinal orifice
-hymen

31
Q

name of whole area from mons pubis to anus

A

perineum

32
Q

Mammary gland parts

nipple and areola

A

nipple

areola

  • bumpy bc of oil glands
  • pigmented
  • smooth muscle fibers

erection with tactile stimulation and cold

33
Q

Mammary glands

A
  • modified sweat glands that secrete millk

- lobes with lobules with alveoli that secrete milk into lactiferous duct, thru lactiferous sinus to outside of nipple

34
Q

Development of breasts

A 
Prepubertal = undeveloped
Puberty = growth of glandular tissue and fat deposition
Nonpregnant = size dependant on fat
Pregnant = increased size due to enhanced glandular tissue
Lactating = secreting milk after birth

Female Reproductive Biology (18 decks)

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