Female and Male reproductive system

Question 1

what hormone stimulates follicle growth in ovaries & sperm production in testes?

Answer 1

FSH

Question 2

What hormone causes ovulation and testosterone release?

Answer 2

LH

Question 3

what hormone thickens the uterine lining?

Answer 3

Estrogen

Question 4

What hormone maintains the uterine lining?

Answer 4

Progesterone

Question 5

What hormone is responsible for male secondary sex traits

Answer 5

testosterone

Question 6

what makes sperm and testosterone?

Answer 6

testes

Question 7

where is sperm stored and matured?

Answer 7

epididymis

Question 8

what carries sperm during ejaculation?

Answer 8

vas deference

Question 9

what adds fluid to semen?

Answer 9

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Cowper’s gland

Question 10

What is semen?

Answer 10

sperm + fluid

Question 11

Where are ova made?

Answer 11

ovaries

Question 12

what structure carries the egg to the uterus

Answer 12

fallopian tube (ova duct)

Question 13

where does a fertilized egg implant grow?

Answer 13

uterus

Question 14

what is the opening to the uterus?

Answer 14

cervix

Question 15

What is ovulation?

Answer 15

when egg is released from an ovary

Question 16

what is the corpus luteum?

Answer 16

structure in the ovary that makes progesterone after ovulation

Question 17

what is the ovarian cycle ( menstrual cycle)?

Answer 17

Monthly changes in uterus and hormones to prepare for pregnancy

Question 18

what happens if the egg is not fertilized?

Answer 18

progesterone drops - lining sheds - menstruation.

Question 19

what is fertilization?

Answer 19

when a sperm and egg joins to form a zygote

Question 20

Where do follicles develop?

Answer 20

ovaries

Question 21

what is a follicle?

Answer 21

a sac in the ovary that contains an immature oocyte

Question 22

what happens to the follicle during ovulation?

Answer 22

the mature follicle ruptures and releases the egg (ovulation)

Question 23

What are the phases of the ovarian cycle/

Answer 23

Follicular
Ovulation
Luteal
Menstruation

Question 24

what happens during the follicular phase/

Answer 24

• FSH stimulates follicles to grow
• Estrogen levels rise
• endometrium thickens

Question 25

What triggers ovulation?

Answer 25

A surge in LH causes the mature follicle to release the egg

Question 26

what happens during luteal phase?

Answer 26

- corpus luteum produces progesterone - progesterone maintains the uterine lining for possible pregnancy

Question 27

What happens if fertilization does not occur?

Answer 27

- Corpus luteum breaks down - progesterone and estrogen drop - uterine lining sheds - menstruation

Question 28

What are sertoli cells?

Answer 28

cells in the seminiferous tubules that nurture developing sperms

Question 29

What is spermatogenesis?

Answer 29

The process of making sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes

Question 30

what is oogenesis?

Answer 30

process of making egg cells (ova) in the ovaries

Question 31

When does oogenesis begin in females?

Answer 31

before birth - starts off as primary oocytes

Question 32

What is the starting cell in oogenesis?

Answer 32

An oogonium (2n) which becomes a primary oocyte

Question 33

What happens to the primary oocyte during puberty?

Answer 33

finishes meiosis I and becomes a secondary oocyte and a polar body

Question 34

when does the secondary oocyte finish meiosis II?

Answer 34

only if its fertilized by a sperm cell

Question 35

what are polar bodies?

Answer 35

Tiny cells made during meiosis that dont become eggs- they die or reabsorbed

Question 36

What is the difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

Answer 36

Oogenesis: 1 egg + 3 polar bodies, starts before birth, stops at menopause Spermatogenesis: 4 sperm, starts at puberty, continues forever.

Question 37

what is the urethra in males?

Answer 37

tube that carries urine and semen out of the body through the penis

Question 38

What is the vas deferens?

Answer 38

a duct that transport sperm fromt he epididymis to the urethra

Question 39

what are seminal vesicles? (accesory gland)

Answer 39

glands that add fructose-rich fluid to semen to give sperm energy

Question 40

what does the prostate gland do?

Answer 40

adds alkaline fluid to protect sperm from acidic environments.

Question 41

what is the cowper's gland ( bulbourethral gland)?

Answer 41

releases pre-ejaculate fluid to clear urethra and lube sperm travel

Question 42

what is the corpus luteum?

Answer 42

leftover follicle after ovulation - makes progesterone

Question 43

what is the endometrium?

Answer 43

inner lining of the uterus