human Development

Question 1

What is fertilization?

Answer 1

Formation of an egg and sperm to form a zygote

Question 2

What is a zygote?

Answer 2

egg and formed together

Question 3

where does fertilization takes place?

Answer 3

Fullopian tibes

Question 4

what is a cleavage?

Answer 4

series of rapid miotic divisions that don’t increase the embryo’s size

Question 5

what is a morula?

Answer 5

solid balls of cells formed from cleavage of the zygote

Question 6

what is a blastocyst?

Answer 6

a hollow balls of cells, implant in the uterus.

Question 7

what is implantation and when does it happen?

Answer 7

when the blastocyst embeds in the endometrium, around 6-7 days after fertilization

Question 8

what is gastrualization?

Answer 8

Formation of 3 germ layers in the embryo

Question 9

3 germ layers and what do they form?

Answer 9

Ectoderm- skin, nervous system, eyes
mesoderm- muscles, bones, circulatory system reproductiveorgans
Endoderm - digestive system, lungs, liver

Question 11

What is the amnion?

Answer 11

membrane that forms the amniotic sac and cushions the embryo with fluid

Question 12

what is the chorion?

Answer 12

Outermost membrane that helps form the placenta

Question 13

what is the allantois?

Answer 13

Forms part of the umbilical cord and helps with wash removal

Question 14

what is the yolk sac?

Answer 14

provides nutrients early on and helps form blood
cells

Question 15

what does the placenta do?

Answer 15

nutrient, gas, and waste exchange between mom and fetus

Question 16

what hormones does the placenta secrete?

Answer 16

Hcg, progesterones estrogen, relaxin

Question 17

what is the umbilical coal?

Answer 17

connects the fetus to the placenta

Question 18

what is hCg and what does it do?

Answer 18

human chorionic gonadotrophin) maintains corpus luteum s U progesterone stays high.

Question 19

what does progesterone do during
peguany?

Answer 19

maintains uterine lining and prevents
contractions,

Question 20

What does estrogen do during pregnancy?

Answer 20

stimulates growth of uterus andprepares
breasts.-

Question 21

hat

Question 22

what does relaxin do?

Answer 22

relaves pelvic ligaments and cervix
before birth.

Question 23

What are the 3 trimesters of pregnancy?

Answer 23

First trimester (1-12 weeks)- organogenesis Second trimester 13-26 weeks~ Growth, movement,
Third trimester27-40 weeks- final growth, lung nature

Question 24

when does the fetus start to move?

Answer 24

16-20 weeks

Question 25

what triggers labor?

Answer 25

Drop in progesterone, rise in oxytocin and prostaglandins

Question 26

what does oxytocin do during labor?

Answer 26

cause s uterine contractions

Question 27

what are the stages of birth?

Answer 27

1, Dilation (Cervix opens) z 2. Expulsion - baby is delivered)' 3. Placental- placenta comes out.

Question 28

What are fraternal (dizygotic twins

Answer 28

two eggs fertilised hy two sperm - genetically different.

Question 29

What are monozygotic twins?

Answer 29

one zygote splits - genetically identical.k

Question 30

What is a teratogens

Answer 30

substances that causes birth defects

Question 31

alcohol, drugs, infections radiation are examples of what?

Answer 31

teratogens

Question 32

hut are the stages of human development in order

Answer 32

zygote >morula > blastocyst > gastrula > embryo > fetus

Question 33

What is IVF?

Answer 33

in vitw fertilization- egg and sperm meet outside the body, then embryo is implanted into uterus

Question 34

What is artificial insemination?

Answer 34

sperm is directly inserted into the uterkk.

Question 35

what is surrogate motherhood?

Answer 35

a person carries a baby for someone else

Question 36

what is amniocentesis?

Answer 36

test where amniotic fluid is taken to check for genetics disorders,