Female Infertility

Question 1

What is ovulatory dysfunction?

Answer 1

Disorders affecting ovulation, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), often associated with hormonal imbalances, including elevated levels of androgens and insulin resistance.

Question 2

What can disrupt follicular development and ovulation?

Answer 2

Hormonal disturbances and mutations in genes involved in gonadotropin signaling pathways, such as FSHR and LHCGR.

Question 3

What are structural abnormalities in the reproductive tract?

Answer 3

Conditions such as uterine fibroids or congenital anomalies of the uterus that can interfere with embryo implantation and pregnancy.

Question 4

What genetic mutations can lead to uterine malformations?

Answer 4

Mutations affecting genes involved in Müllerian duct development, such as HOXA and WNT4.

Question 5

What is necessary for successful embryo implantation?

Answer 5

Optimal endometrial receptivity influenced by hormones, growth factors, and cytokines.

Question 6

What factors can impair embryo implantation?

Answer 6

Dysregulation of key factors involved in endometrial receptivity, including HOXA10, LIF, and integrins.