Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Histo block 4 > female reproductive > Flashcards

female reproductive Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

source of gametes in males/females

A

embryonic yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mesovarium

A

fold of peritoneum that attached the ovary to the broad ligament, vessels and nerves pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

germinal epithelium

A

simple cuboidal over surface of ovaries, not involved in oogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hormones produced by ovaries

A

estrogen- 2* sex cx
progesterone- secretory changes in endometrium
BOTH are involved in cyclical uterine changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

organization of the ovary

A

loosely organized into cortex and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

medulla of the ovary

A

loose CT, lymph, nerves, helicine aa and pampiniform plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cortex of ovary

A

follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe “atresia”

A

follicles degenerate and are reabsorbed without having been expelled, can occur at any stage of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 follicle stages

A

primordial
growing (1/2)
mature (graafian)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe primordial follicles

A

develop prenatally, oocyte is surrounded by a layer of squamous cells and basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 stages of 1* follicles

A

unilaminar 1* follicle

multilaminar 1* follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe unilaminar 1* follicle

A

follicular cells become cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe multilaminar 1* follicle

A

2nd layer of cells added (in addition to follicular cells) called granulosa cells, zona pellucida and theca follicle present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

zona pellucida

A

enlarged area between oocyte and follicular cells , stains acidophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

connections between granulosa cells

A

gap junctions between granulosa cells, unlike testes, do not form blood-follicel barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 parts of theca folliculi

A

theca interna

theca externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

role of theca interna

A

secreted androtenedione that is then taken up by granulosa cells and converted into estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

role of theca externa

A

CT, smooth mm and collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

thickness of the granulosum layer at the end of the 1* follicle stage

A

5-6 layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

“antrum” of 2* follicles

A

fluid filled cavities form and coalesce to form a single antrum, contain liquor folliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

liquor folliculi

A
  • hyaluronic acid, estrogen, progesterone

- from granulosa cells: FSH, EGF, IGF1 and Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cumulus oophorus

A

stalk of granulosa cells that extend into the antrum and connect to the follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

corona radiata

A

cells that immediately surround the oocyte, have microvilli that penetrate the ZP and communicate with oocyte via gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

oocyte maturation inhibitor

A

secreted by granulosa cells once oocyte is mature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what indicates the site of follicular eruption?
stigma
26
3 stimuli for ovulation
- increase in follicle fluid and pressure - proteolysis of follicle wall - contraction of smooth mm of theca externa, triggered by prostaglandins
27
what triggers rupture of follicle and oocyte release?
LH surge
28
corpus luteum
remaining part of follicle after ovulation, temporary endocrine organ that secretes estrogen and progesterone
29
fate of follicular granulosa cells after ovulation
become granulosa lutein cells that secrete progesterone in order to inhibit further ovulation
30
fate of corpus luteum in absence of implantation
becomes "corpus luteum of menstruation" then regresses to corpus albicans
31
4 parts of oviduct
intramural isthmus ampulla infundibulum
32
fimbria
fringed extensions of the infundibulum, coax the released ovum into tube
33
3 layers of oviduct
mucosa, muscularis, serosa
34
describe oviduct serosa
meothelium and mesosalpinx
35
describe oviduct muscularis
inner circular and outer longitudinal layers
36
describe oviduct mucosa
peg cells and low cells
37
what are peg cells?
simple columnar cells, increased # with progesterone
38
what are low cells?
ciliated cells help to move egg toward uterus, increased # with estrogen
39
where is the typical site of fertilization?
ampulla of oviduct
40
describe capacitation
getting sperm ready for fertilization- remove glycocalyx, allows sperm to penetrate CR and attach to ZP, uterine secretions help with this
41
describe acrosomal reaction
enzymes that allow sperm to enter ovum and fertilize are released
42
3 ways to prevent polyspermy
- depol- electrical barrier - Ca release- destruction of membrane receptors - zona reaction- proteins in ZP cross-link to prevent further sperm from entering egg
43
stratum basale
portion of the endometrium that remains following menstruation, contains basal portions of uterine
44
stratum functionale
portion of the endometrium that undergoes cyclical changes
45
describe the proliferative (follicular) phase
stratum basale remains after menstruation, stimulation by estrogen- glands proliferate and epithelial cells cover glands, spiral arteries lengthen
46
describe the secretory (luteal) phase
controlled by progesterone, stratum functional expands, glands enlarge and become cork-screw shaped and are filled with glycogen and other nutrients
47
describe the menstrual phase
hormone secretions from the CL drop, causing changes in the stratum functionale, spiral aa contract to induce ishcemia, surface epithelium is sloughed off to level of stratum basale
48
hormones in the follicular phase
FSH- days 1-8, stimulate granulosa and theca cells to secrete estrogen LH- at the end of the follicular phase, stimulates progesterone secretion
49
hormones in the luteal phase
theca and granulosa cells secrete estrogen, larges amounts of progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum
50
what happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization occurs?
hcg maintains CL if fertilization occurs
51
what is the histologically important feature of the cervix?
change from stratified squamous epi to mucus-secreting columnar epithelium at external os -- site of metaplasia
52
what is notable absent from the vagina?
glands and muscularis mucosa (can differentiate from the esophagus)
53
epithelium of the vagina
stratified squamous parakeratinized (transitions from stratified squamous keratinized between labia major and labia minor)
54
what accounts for the low pH of the vagina?
glycogen secreted by the vagina is metabolized by bacteria
55
type of glands are mammary glands?
tubuloalveolar
56
path of milk
tubuloalveolar glands--lobule--lactiferous duct -- lactiferous sinus -- (collect at nipple, but have opening to external environment)
57
changes in mammary glands during pregnancy
- infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells - proliferation of alveoli - glands become fully differentiated and secrete milk
58
describe PCOS
mature and 2* follicles fill ovaries, ova fail to upturn due to thick tunica albuginea, hormonal imbalance
59
distinguishing feature of 2* follicles
antrum
60
layers of the myometrium
poorly defined: inner longitudinal middle circular outer longitudinal
61
what causes endometrial thickening in the proliferative phase?
estrogen
62
what is the main influence of the secretory phase?
progesterone
63
what is the mode of secretion of mammary glands?
apocrine
64
differentiate between endometrial glands in the proliferative phase vs. secretory phase
proliferative- under control of estrogen, straight glands | secretory phase- under control of progesterone, corkscrew shaped glands

Histo block 4 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions