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Histo block 4 > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

primary vs secondary functions of reap system

A

primary- air conduction, air filtration, respiration

secondary- speech, smell

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2
Q

parts of the respiratory portion

A

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli

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3
Q

where is the vestibule

A

most superficial part of the nose, communicates with external environment

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4
Q

vibrissae

A

stiff hairs in the nose to trap particulates, along with sebaceous glands

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5
Q

epithelium in vestibule of nose

A

stratified squamous (continuation of external environment)

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6
Q

epithelium of respiratory segment of nose

A

thin stratified squamous epithelium transitioned to pseudo stratified columnar

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7
Q

role of turbinates

A

increase surface area, cause turbulent air flow that warms, moistens, filters air

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8
Q

“respiratory epithelium”

A

pseudo stratified columnar with cilia

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9
Q

cells types in respiratory epithelium of nose (5)

A 
goblet cells
ciliated cells
brush cells 
granulated cells 
basal cells
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10
Q

goblet cells

A

produce mucus, used to differentiate the respiratory portion from the olfactory portion

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11
Q

ciliated cells

A

most numerous

beat cilia to clear out particulates

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12
Q

brush cells

A

receptor cells with short microvilli

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13
Q

granulated cells

A

enteroendocrine cells

secrete polypeptide hormones

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14
Q

basal cells

A

stem cells at bottom of epithelium

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15
Q

epithelium of the olfactory area

A

pseudo strat columnar with cilia

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16
Q

cell types in olfactory area (4)

A

olfactory cells
sustintactular cells
basal cells
brush cells

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17
Q

olfactory cells

A

bipolar neurons that communicate with CNS via CN I, span epithelium

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18
Q

sustintactular cells

A

mechanical and metabolic support, secrete odorant binding proteins

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19
Q

basal cells

A

stem cells, deepest layer

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20
Q

brush cells

A

receptor cells with microvilli

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21
Q

bowman’s glands

A

defining feature of olfactory area, in LP, secrete watery mucus

22
Q

contents of the LP in olfactory area (5)

A

bv, lymph, filia olfactoria (unmyelinated), myelinated nerves, Bowman’s glands

23
Q

type of cartilage that composes thyroid cartilage

A

hyaline

24
Q

ventricle

A

space between true and false vocal cords

25
Q

vocal ligament

A

dense, regular CT with elastic fibers

26
Q

vocalis mm

A

forms core of true vocal cords, controls phonation

27
Q

epi lining of true vs. false vocal cords

A

false- respiratory epi

true- start squamous non-keratinized epi

28
Q

4 layers of trachea wall

A

mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, adventitia

29
Q

mucosa of trachea

A

resp epi, thick BM, lamina propria

30
Q

trachealis mm

A

smooth mm that bridges the gap formed by C shaped cartilaginous rings of trachea, constricts windpipe to allow air to be expelled with increased force

31
Q

path of air

A

mouth, oropharynx, laryngopahrynx, larynx, trachea, 1* bronchi, 2* brochi, 3* bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles//respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

32
Q

last part of conducting zone

A

terminal bronchioles

33
Q

submucosa of trachea

A 
vessels and lymphatics
submucosal glands (mucous acini/serous demilunes), cuboidal ducts
34
Q

2*bronchi per lung

A

right lung has 3, left lung has 2

35
Q

what delineates bronchi from bronchioles?

A

change to bronchioles when cartilage disappears

36
Q

5 layers of bronchus wall

A

mucosa, muscularis, submucosa, cartilage, adventitia

37
Q

location of BALT

A

submucosa of tertiary bronchus

BALT is MALT

38
Q

types of epithelium in bronchioles

A

range from pseudostrat columnar, simple columnar, simple cuboidal

39
Q

club cells

A

also called clara cells, inerspered with epithelium and increase in # as epithelial cells decrease, dome shaped, secrete GAGs, lipoprotein surface active agent, CC16

40
Q

explain CC16

A

secreted by clara cells, in event of lung injury decreased CC16 in BAL fluid and increased CC16 in serum

41
Q

what is the 1st structure to participate in gas exchange?

A

respiratory bronchioles

42
Q

alveolar cell types

A

type I and II pneumocytes

43
Q

type I pneumocytes

A

95%, flat, post-mitotic, abundant cytoplasm, attach to others via tight junctions, part of blood-air barrier, participates in gas exchange

44
Q

type II pneumocytes

A

rounder and smaller than type I, serve as stem cells for type I and II, also secrete surfactant

45
Q

bronchiole artery

A

supplies lung parenchyma with O2 rich blood, close to bronchus

46
Q

secretions of the neruoendocrine cells of the bronchioles

A

serotonin and bombesin

47
Q

smallest part of the conducting system

A

terminal bronchioles

48
Q

epithelium of respiratory bronchiole

A

clara cells

no goblet cells

49
Q

which cells will hypertrophy with alveolar injury?

A

type II pneumocytes (due to stem cell function)

50
Q

alveolar wall

A

simple squamous epi and basal lamina
endothelium
alveolar capillaries
alveolar pores

Histo block 4 (4 decks)

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