respiratory

Question 1

primary vs secondary functions of reap system

Answer 1

primary- air conduction, air filtration, respiration

secondary- speech, smell

Question 2

parts of the respiratory portion

Answer 2

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli

Question 3

where is the vestibule

Answer 3

most superficial part of the nose, communicates with external environment

Question 4

vibrissae

Answer 4

stiff hairs in the nose to trap particulates, along with sebaceous glands

Question 5

epithelium in vestibule of nose

Answer 5

stratified squamous (continuation of external environment)

Question 6

epithelium of respiratory segment of nose

Answer 6

thin stratified squamous epithelium transitioned to pseudo stratified columnar

Question 7

role of turbinates

Answer 7

increase surface area, cause turbulent air flow that warms, moistens, filters air

Question 8

“respiratory epithelium”

Answer 8

pseudo stratified columnar with cilia

Question 9

cells types in respiratory epithelium of nose (5)

Answer 9

goblet cells
ciliated cells
brush cells 
granulated cells 
basal cells

Question 10

goblet cells

Answer 10

produce mucus, used to differentiate the respiratory portion from the olfactory portion

Question 11

ciliated cells

Answer 11

most numerous

beat cilia to clear out particulates

Question 12

brush cells

Answer 12

receptor cells with short microvilli

Question 13

granulated cells

Answer 13

enteroendocrine cells

secrete polypeptide hormones

Question 14

basal cells

Answer 14

stem cells at bottom of epithelium

Question 15

epithelium of the olfactory area

Answer 15

pseudo strat columnar with cilia

Question 16

cell types in olfactory area (4)

Answer 16

olfactory cells
sustintactular cells
basal cells
brush cells

Question 17

olfactory cells

Answer 17

bipolar neurons that communicate with CNS via CN I, span epithelium

Question 18

sustintactular cells

Answer 18

mechanical and metabolic support, secrete odorant binding proteins

Question 19

basal cells

Answer 19

stem cells, deepest layer

Question 20

brush cells

Answer 20

receptor cells with microvilli

Question 21

bowman’s glands

Answer 21

defining feature of olfactory area, in LP, secrete watery mucus

Question 22

contents of the LP in olfactory area (5)

Answer 22

bv, lymph, filia olfactoria (unmyelinated), myelinated nerves, Bowman’s glands

Question 23

type of cartilage that composes thyroid cartilage

Answer 23

hyaline

Question 24

ventricle

Answer 24

space between true and false vocal cords

Question 25

vocal ligament

Answer 25

dense, regular CT with elastic fibers

Question 26

vocalis mm

Answer 26

forms core of true vocal cords, controls phonation

Question 27

epi lining of true vs. false vocal cords

Answer 27

false- respiratory epi | true- start squamous non-keratinized epi

Question 28

4 layers of trachea wall

Answer 28

mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, adventitia

Question 29

mucosa of trachea

Answer 29

resp epi, thick BM, lamina propria

Question 30

trachealis mm

Answer 30

smooth mm that bridges the gap formed by C shaped cartilaginous rings of trachea, constricts windpipe to allow air to be expelled with increased force

Question 31

path of air

Answer 31

mouth, oropharynx, laryngopahrynx, larynx, trachea, 1* bronchi, 2* brochi, 3* bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles//respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

Question 32

last part of conducting zone

Answer 32

terminal bronchioles

Question 33

submucosa of trachea

Answer 33

``` vessels and lymphatics submucosal glands (mucous acini/serous demilunes), cuboidal ducts ```

Question 34

2*bronchi per lung

Answer 34

right lung has 3, left lung has 2

Question 35

what delineates bronchi from bronchioles?

Answer 35

change to bronchioles when cartilage disappears

Question 36

5 layers of bronchus wall

Answer 36

mucosa, muscularis, submucosa, cartilage, adventitia

Question 37

location of BALT

Answer 37

submucosa of tertiary bronchus | BALT is MALT

Question 38

types of epithelium in bronchioles

Answer 38

range from pseudostrat columnar, simple columnar, simple cuboidal

Question 39

club cells

Answer 39

also called clara cells, inerspered with epithelium and increase in # as epithelial cells decrease, dome shaped, secrete GAGs, lipoprotein surface active agent, CC16

Question 40

explain CC16

Answer 40

secreted by clara cells, in event of lung injury decreased CC16 in BAL fluid and increased CC16 in serum

Question 41

what is the 1st structure to participate in gas exchange?

Answer 41

respiratory bronchioles

Question 42

alveolar cell types

Answer 42

type I and II pneumocytes

Question 43

type I pneumocytes

Answer 43

95%, flat, post-mitotic, abundant cytoplasm, attach to others via tight junctions, part of blood-air barrier, participates in gas exchange

Question 44

type II pneumocytes

Answer 44

rounder and smaller than type I, serve as stem cells for type I and II, also secrete surfactant

Question 45

bronchiole artery

Answer 45

supplies lung parenchyma with O2 rich blood, close to bronchus

Question 46

secretions of the neruoendocrine cells of the bronchioles

Answer 46

serotonin and bombesin

Question 47

smallest part of the conducting system

Answer 47

terminal bronchioles

Question 48

epithelium of respiratory bronchiole

Answer 48

clara cells | no goblet cells

Question 49

which cells will hypertrophy with alveolar injury?

Answer 49

type II pneumocytes (due to stem cell function)

Question 50

alveolar wall

Answer 50

simple squamous epi and basal lamina endothelium alveolar capillaries alveolar pores