Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Pelvic Diaphragm

Answer 1

separates pelvis and perineum
formed largely by levator ani muscle (contain opening for pelvic viscera)
Levator ani: puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

Question 2

perineal membrane

Answer 2

-Superficial to pelvic diaphragm
-Covers urogenital triangle
-Opening for urethra and vagina

Question 3

deep peritoneal pouch

Answer 3

-Space above perineal membrane and below levator ani
-Contains skeletal muscles that form sphincters around urethra and vagina
N.B- Superior to inferior: levator ani  deep peritoneal pouch  perineal membrane

Question 4

Fallopian tube

Answer 4

Infundibulum: funnel shaped with fimbriae, facilitates collection of oocytes
Ampulla: relatively large, labyrinthine lumen (fertilisation)
Isthmus: narrow portion, connects to uterus

Question 5

Uterus

Answer 5

-Facilitates development of embryo
-Endometrium inner lining, supports pregnancy, shed during menstrual cycle
-Cervix opens inferiorly into vagina

Question 6

Fertilization and implantation

Answer 6

-Fertilisation usually occurs in ampulla/ implantation is usually in the body of the uterus
N.B- Ectopic pregnancy: implantation anywhere other than the endometrial lining

Question 7

Peritoneal folds

Answer 7

-Peritoneum folds over the top of pelvic viscera
-Folds come together over uterine tubes to form broad ligament
-Ligament of ovary formed by folds over ovarian vessels

Question 8

Female external genitalia

Answer 8

Vulva- erectile tissues and overlying skin
Labia minora- two skin folds next to midline
Vestibule- area between labia and minora, contains openings of urethra and vagina/ labia minora come together anteriorly at glans clitoris
Labia majora- larger skin folds, lateral to labia minora

Question 9

glands in females

Answer 9

Greater vestibular glands: pea sized bodies located at back of vestibule at either side of the vaginal opening
Skene’s glands: set of glands located at the opening of the urethra

Question 10

Muscles in females

Answer 10

Ischiocavernosus muscles: covers attached part of corpora cavernosa, maintain erection of clitoris
Bulbospongiosus muscles: covers bulb of vestibule and greater vestibular gland, supports pelvic floor, assist erection of clitoris