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Cell Biology Exam 4 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is gonadotropin releasing hormone released from?

A

neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus

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2
Q

Gn-RH goes to which lobe of the pituitary gland? And thru what?

A

anterior lobe

through the primary capillary plexus, hypophyseal portal veins, secondary capillary plexus

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3
Q

Gn-RH stimulates basophilic gonadotropes that synthesize and release what?

A 
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteininzing hormone (LH)
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4
Q

What do RSH and LH contribute to?

A

follicle maturation
ovulation
formation of corpus leteum

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5
Q

Function of estrogen

A

stimulates the thickening and proliferation of CT in the functional layer

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6
Q

LH spike

A

happens around day 13.
large
triggers ovulation

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7
Q

FSH spike

A

happens around day 13
small
stimulates follicle maturation and ovulation

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8
Q

Each follicle contains what

A

an oocyte

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9
Q

Layers of the uterus

A

outer perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

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10
Q

function of progesterone

A

stimulate glands in the functional layer to produce and release secretory products

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11
Q

Estrogen and progesterone spikes

A

Spike just before the FSH/LH spike, then again after.

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12
Q

Layers of ovary

A 
covered by mesothelium
epithelium
tunica albuginea
cortical region
medullary region
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13
Q

Tunica albunginea

A

protective envelope completely enveloping the ovary, and consisting of dense irregular CT

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14
Q

Coritcal region

A

contains follicles of different developmental stages
follicles embedded in dense CT stroma
follicle or granulosa cells surround oocyte
oogenesis takes place here

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15
Q

Medullary region

A

contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessel, and nerve fibers

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16
Q

As women age and the ovary releases more eggs it becomes what?

A

dimpled

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17
Q

primordial follicles

A

most immature follicles
present since before birth
look like white dots immediately deep to the tunica albuginea

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18
Q

Where are primordial germs cells formed?

A

umbilical vescile

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19
Q

What are primordial germs cells in the ovaries called? How many chromosomes do they have?

A

oogonia

23 double chromatid chromosomes

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20
Q

When does oogenesis begin?

A

between the 3rd and 7th month of prenatal deeliopment

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21
Q

What phase are oogonia suspended in until puberty?

A

prophase I

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22
Q

12 hours before the oocyte is released from the ovary what happens

A

it completes meiosis I, then enters meiosis II and stops

this also generates 23 double chromatid chromosomes

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23
Q

When is meiosis II of the oocyte completed?

A

when it’s contacted by sperm

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24
Q

When does follicle development take place in a woman’s life

A

begins at puberty, goes until menopause

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25
ovarian follicle
consists of an oocyte and follicle or granulosa cell
26
primordial follicle
present before birth and decreases with age. contains primary oocyte
27
unilaminar primary follicle
still has a primary oocyte has zona pellucida single layer of follicle cells become cuboidal oocyte synthesizes activine, which stimulates stratification of follicle cells
28
Zona pellucida
acellular membrane surround oocyte consists of GAGs and flycoproteins protective of oocyte
29
multilaminar primary follicle
oocyte microvilli extend outward through the zona pellucida granulosa cell filipodia contact oocyte microvilli has theca interna and theca externa
30
How do granulosa cells communicate?
via gap junctions
31
Theca interna
endocrine cells that are highly vascular | have many mitochondria, sER, and lipid droplets
32
teca externa
dense collangeous CT forms basket around follicle
33
Antral follicles (secondarY)
still has primary oocyte surrounded by zona pellucida hallmark feature is bubbles in granulosa cells which contain liquor folliculi most superficial section of granulosa cells around antral spaces resemble a membrane (called membrana granulosa) well developed theca interna and externa
34
matura follicle (graafian)
happens at around day 14 of menstrual cycle oocyte starts as being suspended in prophase I, but will complete meiosis I small antral spaces coalesce into continuous antrum has cumulus oophorus corona radiata
35
cumulus oophorus
pedestal of granulosa cells joining follicle to membrana granulosa
36
corona radiata
layer of cells surrounding zona pellucida
37
follicle right before ovulation
blood flow to cortical tissue ceases clear pale spot forms, covering the follicle proteases break down the cortical tissue
38
Follicle ruptures
release of liquor folliculi
39
Secondary oocyte about to be released from ovary
Secondary oocyte suspended in metaphase II | fimbriae at distal open end of fallopian tube assist in capture of oocyte from ovary
40
What stage is the oocyte in when it's is ovulated
metaphase II
41
Following ovulation the _____ an d____ cells are transformed into the corpus luteum
granulosa | thecal
42
What happens to the corpus luteum if a pregnancy does not happen
it will persist during day 15-28 | afterwards it degenerates and becomes the corpus albicans
43
What happens to the corpus luteum is a pregnancy does happen
CL remains viable until the later stages of pregnancy | it is stimulated by hCG
44
What do granulosa cells differentiate into?
granulosa lutein cells
45
What do theca interna cells differentiate into?
theca lutein cells
46
Function of granulosa and theca lutein cells
produce estrogen progesterone
47
What do granulosa and theca lutein cells look like
bubbly or frothy
48
Polycycstic ovarian disease
``` excessively thick tunica albugindea incomplete follicular development infrequent or lack of ovulation no formatino of corpus luteum infrequent periods ```
49
Acrosome of sperm contains what
enzymes
50
What layers does the sperm have to penetrate through before fertilizing the oocyte?
corona radiate | zona pellucida
51
ZP-3
spermatozoa-binding receptor in the zona pellucida
52
How many sperm can fertilize an oocyte
ONLY ONE
53
Stages a zygote goes through before implanting
``` 2- cell stage 4- cell stage 8 - cell stage morula blastocyst ```
54
When does implantation take place?
21 days
55
Infundibulum
distal end of fallopian tube contain fimbria over over the ovary
56
Mucosa of fallopian tube
leaf-shaped structures made of epithelium and lamina propria thrown into longitudinal folds to increase surface area
57
muscularis of fallopian tube
contain thick inner layer of circular fibers and thin outer layer of longitudinal fibers contain smooth muscle
58
Serosa of fallopian tube
single layer of epithelial cells | visceral peritoneum
59
Function of ciliated cells in fallopian tube
help move oocyte through
60
function of nonciliated peg cells in the fallopian tube
secrete glycoproteins | supply nutrients to oocyte/zygote
61
Most common place for ectopic pregnancy to take place
in the fallopian tube
62
least common place for ectopic pregnancy to take place
in the ovary
63
3 layers of the uterus
perimetrium myometrium endometrium
64
Lamina propria of uterus
consists of uterine glands, dense irregular collagenous tissue, and blood vessels
65
Cervix
85% dense collagenous CT elastic fibers some smooth muscle
66
Cervical glands
branched, lined with mucous-secreting columnar epithelium
67
Negative cervical smear
each squamous epithelial cell contain pyknotic nuclei abundant cytoplasm around nucleus RBCs neutrophils
68
Abnormal cerival smear
large nuclei little cytoplasm around nucleus neutrophils
69
Menstrual phase
days 1-4 | menstrual flow
70
Proliferative (follicular, estogenic) phase
days 5-14 follicle maturation in prep for ovulation estrogen stimulates proliferation of tissues in functional layer
71
Secretory (luteal, progestational) phase
days 15-28 formation of corpus luteum progesterone stimulates synthesis and secretion of glycoproteins by uterine glands
72
Does the basal layer of uterus shed?
no! | just the functional layer
73
Post menopausal endometrium
thin atrophic endometrium consisting only of stratum basal spare inactive glands glands may form dilated cystic spaces
74
Leimyoma
benign smooth muscle neoplasm found in myometrium
75
Different kinds of leiomyomas
subserosal (deep to derosa) intramural (embedded within the myometrium) submucosal (deep to uterine mucosa)
76
What can happen with submucosal leiomyomas
heavy menstrual bleeding
77
Vagina
lamina propria with elastic fibers no glands has muscularis and adventitia

Cell Biology Exam 4 (9 decks)

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