Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Ova

Answer 1

Egg produced by ovary
Develop in follicle
Transported by oviducts(conception takes place here) to uterus (2 days)
Egg matures as it moves to uterus
Uterus site of implantation and where egg matures

Question 2

Ovary

Answer 2

Beginning of tract
Produces estrogen and progesterone
Regulates heat cycles and queening/whelping/pregnancy
Egg released into infundibulum then transferred to oviduct

Question 3

Oviduct

Answer 3

Fallopian tube
Tube that carries egg to uterus
Or sperm to egg for fertilization

Question 4

Uterine horns

Answer 4

First section of uterus 
Where fetus(s) develop

Question 5

Uterine body

Answer 5

Where horns meet

Question 6

Cervix

Answer 6

Neck of uterus
Protects uterus/fetus against infection (tight sphincter)
Helps move sperm to uterus
Lubricates vagina
Opens up to allow menstruation (shedding uterine lining or whelping/queening (cervix dilates)

Question 7

Where does the urethra open into

Answer 7

Into the vagina

Urinary and reproductive empty through vulva

Question 8

Vagina

Answer 8

Passageway for fetus during queening/whelping
Sperm deposited into vagina during breeding (then moves up tract)
Protects opening of urethra

Question 9

Vulva

Answer 9

Protects opening of vagina

Allows for sex identification

Question 10

Urethral orifice

Answer 10

Where urine exits urethra (opens into vagina)

Question 11

Bladder

Answer 11

Stores urine

Question 12

Dog heat cycle

Answer 12

1-3 times per year

Period of bleeding at beginning of estrus

Question 13

Cat heat cycle

Answer 13

Slight discharge, no bleeding
Behavioural changes
Seasonally polyestrous and induced ovulated

Question 14

Dog heat estrous 
What size do they need to be 
When is their first one 
When to stop breeding 
How often

Answer 14

Need to be 60-70% of adult size
First one at 6-12 months
7-8 years for bitch
Every 5-9 months

Question 15

How do FSH and LH change canine estrous cycle

Answer 15

Trigger an increase in the production of estrogen (female)

Question 16

Where is FSH released and called

What does it do

Answer 16

Released by pituitary gland
Follicle stimulating hormone
Stimulates growth of eggs in ovaries (follicles)

Question 17

Where is LH released
What is it called
What does it do

Answer 17

Pituitary gland
Luteinizing hormone
Triggers ovulation
And the release of eggs from follicles

Question 18

What happens once egg released from ovaries

Answer 18

Empty follicle develops into corpus luteum

Question 19

What does the corpus luteum do

Answer 19

Secretes progesterone

Question 20

What does progesterone do

Answer 20

Prepares uterus for fertilized egg implant

Question 21

Proestrous dogs

Answer 21

9 days
Bloody discharge from vulva starts/vulva swells
Send signals to males
FSH released to stimulate growth of eggs in ovaries (follicles

Question 22

Estrus

Answer 22

9 days
Heat
Willing to breed/ends when females stop breeding
Discharge
Multiple breeding allowed to increase chance of pregnancy (every other day)
LH released to trigger ovulation / release of eggs
Ovulation occurs
Estrogen decreases progesterone increases

Question 23

Diestrus

Answer 23

60 days
If pregnant, stops with whelping
If not, anestrus begins after CL dissolves
Female doesn’t allow breeding
Discharge dries up, vulva shrinks, behaviour goes back to normal

Question 24

Anestrus

Answer 24

130-150 days
Sexual rest
Stops when proestrus or new heat cycle starts (increase in estrogen)

Question 25

Bitch breeding

Answer 25

Send to male when proestrus seen Introduce/watch to see if receptive (separate 48 hours if not) If OK, watch (minimal distractions) Inexperience ones may need comfort/petting Male shows interest, female place tail to side/show vulva Male mounts/starts thrusting Tie holds penis in place, semen flows Lasts 2-3 min up to 10-30 Call vet if up to an hour Leave alone, separate on their own May bite , growl, wine (pain)

Question 26

Queen anestrus

Answer 26

Less than 8 hours per day | No sexual activity

Question 27

Proestrus queen

Answer 27

``` 1-2 days Light increases, FSH released Follicles grow, releasing estrogen Heat behaviour started (overly friendly) Attractive to males ```

Question 28

Estrus Queen

Answer 28

``` 4-10 days Male accepted as heat progresses Copulation occurs Penetration of vulva by barbed pens stimulates LG Ovulation occurs Affectionate, rolls on floor, vocalizes ```

Question 29

No ovulation queen

Answer 29

After estrus Goes into inestrus (8-10days) - inactivity Proestrus occurs

Question 30

Ovulation but no pregnancy queen

Answer 30

Goes into diestrus May have false pregnancy Goes back to proestrus

Question 31

Ovulation and pregnancy occurs | Queen

Answer 31

After estrus Queen gives birth Returns to proestrus

Question 32

3 things queen can go into after estrus | What happens after any of these 3 things

Answer 32

No ovulation Ovulation with no pregnancy Ovulation and pregnancy

Question 33

Induced ovulators

Answer 33

Require mating and stimulation to release LH and egg

Question 34

Polyestrous

Answer 34

Go into heat several times a year

Question 35

Seasonal effect

Answer 35

When daylight hours are more than 12

Question 36

``` What size do cats need to be to breed What age to start When do long haired cats go into heat When is mating season When is the earliest and safest time to breed How many times a day When does ovulation occur How many eggs released ```

Answer 36

``` 75-80% of body weight 6 months 18 months March until September After second heat 3 breedings a day 24-30 hours after mating Around 4 eggs released ```

Question 37

Fertilization

Answer 37

Occurs in Fallopian tubes that lead from ovaries to uterus Embryos implant in wall of uterus 14 days after mating Only 1 sperm can fertilize each egg Usually female has mated with multiple toms

Question 38

Superfundicity

Answer 38

Liter having multiple fathers

Question 39

Gestation period for dogs and cats

Answer 39

63 days | From fertilization to whelping and queening

Question 40

Parturition in dogs and cats

Answer 40

Whelping and queening Progesterone decreases Signal to begin (and release oxytocin for uterine contractions)

Question 41

Placenta

Answer 41

``` Provides nourishment during pregnancy If placenta breaks early (green discharge), pup and kitten can suffocate if not born right away # of placentas should = # of kittens ```

Question 42

What is special about dog and cat placentas

Answer 42

Zonary placenta | Bands around the uterus

Question 43

Following parturition

Answer 43

Pregnancy Oxytocin from pituitary gland causes uterine contractions and milk release Can be given as injection if needed Certain dystocias - difficult birth