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Reproduction > Fertilisation > Flashcards

Fertilisation Flashcards

1
Q

How long can sperm survive?
How long can egg survive?

A

Sperm- 4-6 days
Egg- 1-2 days

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2
Q

How is egg transported?

A

From ovary carried out in antral fluid
Smooth muscle and fimbriae move egg to fallopian tube
Cilia carry egg to uterus

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3
Q

What carries egg to fallopian tube?

A

Smooth muscle and fimbrinae

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4
Q

Why do sperm need oestrogen?

A

Source of glucose

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5
Q

Is vagina acidic or alkali?

A

Acidic

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6
Q

Define capacitation?

A

Maturation process- tail stronger
Plasma membrane develops- allow fusion with egg

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7
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

Ampulla of fallopian tube

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8
Q

How do sperm and ova join?

A

Glycoproteins on zona pellucida- receptors (ZP3)
Sperm head- binding proteins

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9
Q

What receptors are used during fertilisations?

A

Glycoproteins on zona pellucida- receptors (ZP3)

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10
Q

What occurs do zona pellucida once binding has occured?

A

Acrosome reaction
Enzyme cause zona pellucida digested

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11
Q

What is formed when fusion occurs?

A

Zygote

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12
Q

How are other sperm cells prevented from entering?

A

After fertilisation- reaction
Hardening of zona pellucida by enzymes inactivate ZP3

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13
Q

When is meiosis 2 completed?

A

After fertilisation

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14
Q

Outline what occurs on day 1?

A

Fusion of sperm and egg in ampulla of fallopian tube
2) Glycoproteins on zona pellucida are receptors (ZP3) and sperm head contains binding proteins
3) Binding = acrosome reaction– zona pellucida causing it to be digested
4) Fusion can now occur with the plasma membrane
5) Zygote formed- head of sperm passes into cytosol and fertilisation occurs
6) Fertilisation causes a reaction- prevents entry of other sperm - exocytosis of vesicles contain enzymes (inactivate ZP3)- harden zona pellucida
7) Meiosis II is completed- 2nd polar body degenerates
8) 2 sets of haploid chromosomes are present- 23 sperm and 23 egg = pronuclei
9) Migrate to centre of the cell- haploid chromosomes fuse
10) DNA replication occurs in preparation for meiotic division
11) Mitosis then occurs

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15
Q

What occurs during cleavage process 2/3?

A

Progesterone relaxes smooth muscle
Zygote pass through fallopian tube
Cleavage increase number cells present
Cells totipotent

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16
Q

What hormone allows zygote move through fallopian tube?

A

Progesterone- relax smooth muscle

17
Q

Define totipotent?

A

Develop into entire individual

18
Q

State diff processes after fertilisation?
Brief outline

A

Fertilisation- day 1
Cleavage- day 2/3- zygote move down fallop
Compaction- day 4- cell flatten, tight junctions
Cavitation and differentation- day 5- formation blastocysts
Expansion- day 5/6- cavity expand, zp thins
Hatching- day 6+- embryo out zp, imp for implanting

19
Q

What occurs during compaction day 4?

A

Cells flatten
Tight junctions form
Polarisation outer cells
Allow rapid differentiation

20
Q

What occurs cavitation and differentiation day 5?

A

Blastocysts formed- fluid filled cavity expands
Lose totipotency

21
Q

What occurs in expansion day 5/6?

A

Cavity expands
Zona pellucida thins

22
Q

What occurs in hatching day 6?

A

Blastocyst expands
Embryo out zona pellucida
Essential implantation

23
Q

What process is essential for implantation?

A

Hatching

24
Q

When does embryo move from zona pellucida?

A

During hatching 6

25
Q

Outline how many cells?

A

1) Fertilisation
2) 2 cell stage- day 1
3) 4 cell stage- day 2
4) 8 cell uncompacted morula- day 3/4
5) 8 cell compacted morula- day 4
6) Early blastocyst- day 5
7) Late stage blastocyst (hatching)- day 6/7
8) Implantation blastocyst- day 8/9

26
Q

What days does implantation of blastocyst occur?

A

Day 8/9

27
Q

When is morula formed?

A

Day 4

28
Q

How many cells is morula?

A

16

29
Q

How many c

A

Reproduction (11 decks)

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