MS

Question 1

What are 3 main phases in menstrual cycle?
What days occur?

Answer 1

Follicular phase = days 1-13/14
Ovulation = days 13/14
Luteal phase = days 14-28

Question 2

What occurs during luteal phase?

Answer 2

Follicle collapses
Granulosa cells increase size
Becomes corpus luteum

Question 3

What do granulosa cells secrete?

Answer 3

Oestrogen
Progesterone
Inhibin

Question 4

What does the granulosa become during luteal phase?

Answer 4

Corpus luteum

Question 5

What occurs to the corpus luteum if the egg is not fertilised?

Answer 5

Undergo apoptosis

Question 6

What triggers apoptosis?

Answer 6

Menstruation

Question 7

What is the corpus luteum called if it collapses?

Answer 7

Corpus albicans

Question 8

What marks end luteal phase?

Answer 8

Collapse of corpus luteum into corpus albicans

Question 9

What are main uterine phases? (3)

Answer 9

Day 1-5 Menstrual Phase
Day 5-14 Proliferative Phase
Day 15-28 Secretory phase

Question 10

What days does the: occur
Menstrual
Proliferative
Secretory

Answer 10

Day 1-5 Menstrual Phase
Day 5-14 Proliferative Phase
Day 15-28 Secretory phase

Question 11

What hormone change leads to endometrial degeneration?

Answer 11

Withdrawal progesterone

Question 12

What occurs day 1-5 (menstrual phase)?

Answer 12

Withdrawal progesterone lead endometrial degeneration

Question 13

What occurs day 5-14 (proliferative phase)?

Answer 13

Oestrogen from granulosa cells and theca cells cause endometrium thicken
Stimulate myometrium
Stimulate progesterone receptor generation in endometrium

Question 14

What do granulosa and theca cells secrete during proliferative phase?
Effect?

Answer 14

Oestrogen
Endometrium thickens

Question 15

What stimulates thickening of endometrium?

Answer 15

Oestrogen secretion from granulosa and theca cells

Question 16

What are 3 layers of uterus?

Answer 16

Endometrium- inner
Myometrium- middle
Perimetrium- outer

Question 17

Label

Answer 17

Question 18

What does oestrogen stimulate in proliferative phase? (3)

Answer 18

1) Endometrium thickens
2) Stimulates myometrium (middle)
3) Stimulate progesterone receptor generation in the endometrium

Question 19

What are 4 phases of menstruation cycle?

Answer 19

Menstrual phase
Follicular phase
Ovulation phase
Luteal phase

Question 20

When does menstrual phase occur?

Answer 20

Egg isn’t fertilised

Question 21

What hormones fall in menstrual stage?

Answer 21

Oestrogen and progesterone

Question 22

What hormone changes occur in follicular phase?

Answer 22

FSH increases

Question 23

Function of FSH in follicular phase?

Answer 23

Stimulate ovaries produce follicles

Question 24

What stimulates release FSH?

Answer 24

Hypothalamus signals pituitary gland to release FSH

Question 25

When is lining of uterus thickened?

Answer 25

Follicular phase

Question 26

What do rising oestrogen lvls in follicular phase trigger?

Answer 26

Pituitary gland to release LH

Question 27

What does the follicle turn into if the egg is released?

Answer 27

Corpus luteum

Question 28

What hormones does the corpus luteum release?

Answer 28

Progesterone and oestrogen

Question 29

Function of progesterone and oestrogen?

Answer 29

Uterine lining kept thick- ready fertilised egg to implant

Question 30

What hormone is produced if pregnant?

Answer 30

Production hCG

Question 31

Function of hCG?

Answer 31

Maintain corpus luteum Keep uterine lining thick

Question 32

What is avg length of luteal phase?

Answer 32

14 days

Question 33

What are the 4 phases of menstrual cycle? Outline cycle

Answer 33

1) Menstruation- shed thicken lining 2) Follicular phase- start ovulate, 1 egg matures 3) Ovulation- mature egg down falopian tube 4) Luteal phase- follicle produces hormones- thicken ripen uterus

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

What stimulates secretion of FSH and LH by pituitary?

Answer 35

GnRH from hypothalamus

Question 36

What does GnRH stimulate? From where?

Answer 36

GnRH from hypothalamus stimulates secretion of FSH and LH by pituitary

Question 37

What does LH surge cause?

Answer 37

Ovulation- day 14

Question 38

What causes ovulation?

Answer 38

Surge in LH

Question 39

What does corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 39

Progesterone and estrogens

Question 40

Answer 40

Question 41

Is follicular or luteal phase first?

Answer 41

Follicular then luteal

Question 42

How does high oestrogen effect mucus secretion? Function?

Answer 42

High oestrogen- clear, abundant, watery secretion Sperm movement and implantation

Question 43

What is effect of progesterone and oestrogen on mucus? Function?

Answer 43

Progesterone and oestrogen- thick and sticky Stop bacteria entering Offer protection to implanted egg