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unit 3 > fetal circulation > Flashcards

fetal circulation Flashcards

1
Q

fetal circulation is designed to

A

serve prenatal needs and prepare for postnatal modifications

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2
Q

fetal heart pressure

A

P right > P left

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3
Q

ductus venosus purpose

A

to bypass fetal liver

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4
Q

ductus arteriosus purpose

A

to bypass lungs

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5
Q

foramen ovale purpose

A

to bypass right side of fetal heart and lungs

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6
Q

highly oxygenated blood in the fetus is directed

A

to the developing brain

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7
Q

first step of fetal circulation

A

highly oxygenated blood from the placenta enters via a single umbilical vein

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8
Q

second step of fetal circulation

A

half blood in umbilical vein bypasses liver via the ductus venosus to enter the IVC, the other half enters the hepatic sinusoids to supply developing liver tissue

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9
Q

third step of fetal circulation

A

IVC enters RA of heart, most of this blood then passes through foramen ovale into the LA

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10
Q

fourth step of fetal circulation

A

highly oxygenated blood mixes with small amounts of deoxygenated blood from pulmonary veins in the LA

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11
Q

fifth step of fetal circulation

A

fairly oxygenated blood travels from LA into LV and then to ascending aorta, arch of aorta and main branches

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12
Q

sixth step of fetal circulation

A

deoxygenated blood returns via SVC and into RA where blood is still highly oxygenated

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13
Q

seventh step of fetal circulation

A

blood that didn’t pass through the foramen ovale mixes with deoxygenated blood in the RA, then enters the RV and leaves via the pulmonary trunk

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14
Q

which ventricle has thicker walls in the fetus

A

right

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15
Q

eighth step of fetal circulation

A

10% of moderately oxygenated blood in pulmonary trunk enters pulmonary arteries to supply developing lungs, then this blood returns to LA

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16
Q

ninth step of fetal circulation

A

90% of moderately oxygenated blood in pulmonary trunk passes through ductus arteriosus and travels down descending aorta

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17
Q

ductus arteriosus protects

A

the lungs from overloading

18
Q

what keeps the ductus arteriosus patent

A

prostaglandins

19
Q

tenth step of fetal circulation

A

35% of blood in descending aorta supplies fetal viscera, 65% passes into umbilical arteries and returns to placenta

20
Q

timing of modifications

A

begin during labor and delivery, should be mostly done one week postnatal

21
Q

neonatal heart pressure

A

P right < P left

22
Q

umbilical arteries become

A

bilateral internal iliac and superior vesical arteries

23
Q

umbilical veins become

A

round ligament of liver

24
Q

ductus venosus becomes

A

ligamentum venosum

25
Q

foramen ovale becomes

A

fossa ovalis

26
Q

ductus arteriosus becomes

A

ligamentum arteriosum

27
Q

peripheral cyanosis

A

manifests in extremities, nail beds, periorbital areas

28
Q

central cyanosis

A

manifests all over body, even in mucous membranes of lips and tongue

29
Q

patent foramen ovale

A

type of atrial septal defect, deficient closure of foramen ovale

30
Q

ventral septal defects

A

incorrect interventricular septum formation
L to R shunting

31
Q

atrial septal defects

A

incorrect interatrial septum formation
L to R shunting

32
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

persistant ductus arteriosus
L to R shunting

33
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

narrow descending aorta near ductus arteriosus
increased BP in UE

34
Q

transposition of the great vessels

A

two closed systems with improper ventricular-great vessel connections
no shunting, cyanotic
known as blue babies

35
Q

what causes transposition of the great vessels

A

aorticopulmonary septum fails to spiral due to incorrect neural crest cell migration

36
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

right heart obstructive lesion
shunting and cyanotic, “blue kids”
pressure R > L

37
Q

four features of tetralogy of Fallot

A

“prove”
pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
over-riding aorta
ventricular septal defect

38
Q

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

A

left heart obstructive lesion, lack of development of left side of heart
pressure R > L, cyanotic

39
Q

etiology of tetralogy of fallot

A

incorrect neural crest cell migration leads to unequal division of truncus arteriosus

40
Q

persistent truncus arteriosus

A

single outflow tract and VSD, cyanotic

unit 3 (13 decks)

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