File 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Phonology
The study of the distribution of sounds in language and interactions between those different sounds
Phonotactic constraints
Restrictions on possible combinations of sounds
Allophone
One set of nonconstructive realizations of the same phoneme
Phoneme
A class of speech sounds identified by native speakers as the same sound.
Noncontrastive
A term used to describe two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in language.
Contrastive
A term used to describe two sounds that can be used to differentiate words in language
Minimal pair
Two words that differ only by single sound in the same position and that have different meanings
Alternation
In phonology, a difference between two or more phonetic forms that one might expect to be related. In morphology, the morphological process that uses morpheme-internal modification to make new words or morphological distinctions.
Complementary distribution
The occurrence of sounds in a language such that they are never found in the same phonetic environment
Free variation
Term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words
Overlapping distribution
The occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments
Conditioning environment
Neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo change
Underlying form
The phonemic form of a word or morpheme before phonological rules applied
Phonological rules
The description of a relationship between a phoneme and its allophomes and the conditioning environment in which the allophome appears
Obstruents
A natural class of sound produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral activity while the nasal cavity is closed off
Sonorants
Sounds (usually voiced) produced with relatively open passage of air flow
Assimilation
A process by which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some feature.
Patalization
A process wherein a sound takes on a palatal place of articulation, usually in assimilation to high or mid from vowels like (I) ir (E)
Vowel Harmony
Long-distance assimilation between vowels
Dissimilation
Process by which two nearby sounds becomes less alike with respect to some feature
Insertion
Phonological process by which a segment not present in phonemic form is added in a phonetic form
Deletion
In phonology, a process by which a sound present in the phonemic form (=underlying) is removed from the phonetic form in certain environments
Metathesis
Switching of the order of two sounds, each taking the place of other
Aspiration
A puff of air that follows the release of a consonant when there is a delay in the onset of voicing
