File 3 Vocab Flashcards
(25 cards)
Phonotactic Constraints
Restriction on possible combinations of sounds, often in particular environments.
Sound Subtitution
A process whereby sounds that already exist in a language are used to replace sounds that do not exist in the language when borrowing or when a speaker is trying to pronounce a foreign word.
Allophone
One of a set of non-distinctive realizations of the same phoneme.
Phoneme
A class of speech sound identified by a native speaker as the same sound.
Noncontrastive
A term used to describe two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in a language.
Constrative distrubition
The occurrence of sounds in a language such that their use distinguishes between the meanings of the words in which they appear, indicating that those sounds are phonemes of the language in question.
Minimal Pair
Two words that differ only by a single sound in the same position in a territory.
Alternation
A difference between two or more phonetic forms that one might expect to be related.
Complementary distribution
The occurrence of sounds in a language such that they are never found in the same phonetic environment.
Free Variation
Term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words.
Overlapping Distribution
The occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments.
Phonological Rule
The description of a relationship between phoneme and its allophones and the conditioning environment in which the allophone appears.
Underlying Form
The phonemic form of word or morpheme before phonological rules are applied.
Conditioning Environment
Neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo a change.
Labial
A member of a natural class of sounds produced with the lips.
Obstruents
A natural class of sounds produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed off.
Sonorant
Sound (usually voiced) produced with a relatively open passage of air flow.
Assimilation
A process by which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some features.
Palatalization
A process wherein a sound takes on a palatal place of articulation, usually in assimilation to high or mid front vowels like [i] and [e].
Dissimilation
Process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some feature.
Insertion
Phonological process by which a segment not present in the phonemic (or underlying) form is added in the phonetic form.
Deletion
In phonology, a process by which a sound present in the phonemic form is removed from the phonetic form in certain environments.
Metathesis
Switching of the order of two sounds, each taking the place of other.
Strengthening
A process through which sounds are made “stronger” according to some criterion.
