File 5 Vocab Flashcards

(40 cards)

1
Q

Syntax

A

A components of mental grammar that deals with constructing phrasal expressions out of smaller expressions.

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2
Q

Linguistic expressions

A

A piece of language with a form, a meaning, and syntactic properties.

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3
Q

Grammatical

A

A term used to describe a sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules.

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4
Q

Ungrammatical

A

Not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules.

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5
Q

Principle of compositionality

A

The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.

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6
Q

Lexical expression

A

A linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon.

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7
Q

Phrasal expression

A

A linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions.

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8
Q

Syntactic properties

A

Properties of linguistic expression that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely, word order and co-occurrence properties.

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9
Q

Co-occurrence

A

The set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence.

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10
Q

Argument

A

A linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well.

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11
Q

Complements

A

A non-subject argument of some expression.

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12
Q

Modifiers

A

A linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional.

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13
Q

Syntactic constituent

A

A group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression.

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14
Q

Cleft

A

A type of sentence that has the general form it is/was X that Y.

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15
Q

Syntactic categories

A

A group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties.

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16
Q

Syntactic distribution

A

Refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur.

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17
Q

Prepositional phrase

A

The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase.

18
Q

Lexical entries

A

A representation of a lexical expression and its linguistic properties within a descriptive grammar of some language.

19
Q

Phrase structure rules

A

A recipe for the syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories.

20
Q

Phrase structure tree

A

A visual representation of how phrases are constructed within a descriptive grammar, given the lexicon and the phrase structural rules.

21
Q

Lexical ambiguities

A

The phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties.

22
Q

Structural ambiguity

A

The phenomenon where a single string of words is the form of more than one distinct phrasal expression.

23
Q

Agreement

A

The phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc.

24
Q

Lexicon

A

A mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning, morphological, and syntactic properties.

25
Sentence
A syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expression that can grammatically occur in “Sally thinks that ____.”
26
Noun phrases
The name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution.
27
Adjectives
The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category.
28
Ambiguous
The phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression.
29
Nouns
The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category.
30
Determiners
The name of a lexical category and syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc.
31
Verb phrase
The name of a syntactic category that consists of all expressions which if combined with a noun phrase to their left result in a sentence.
32
Intransitive verbs
The name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is verb phrase.
33
Transitive verbs
The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with an expression of a category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase.
34
Distransitive verbs
The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase.
35
Adverb
The name of a lexical expression and a syntactic expression that consists of expressions such as quickly, well, furiously, etc.
36
VP adjuncts
A kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category verb phrase with the resulting expression also being of category verb phrase.
37
Noun adjuncts
A kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category noun with the resulting expression also being of category noun.
38
Sentential complement verbs
The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase.
39
Subject
An expression, typically a noun phrase, that occurs to the left of the verb phrase in an English sentence.
40
Object
A noun phrase that usually occurs immediately to the right of the verb in English.