File 5

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

How sentences and other phrases can be constructed out of smaller words and phrases

Question 2

Linguistic expression

Answer 2

Words and phrases. A piece of language that has a certain form, meaning and some syntactic properties

Question 3

Grammatical

Answer 3

When a string of words forms a sentence

Question 4

Ungrammatical

Answer 4

When a string of words does not form a sentence

Question 5

Subject

Answer 5

The expression that occurs immediately to the left of the verb. SVO

Question 6

Object

Answer 6

The expression that occurs to the right of the verb. SVO.

Question 7

Principle of compositionally

Answer 7

The meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the expressions it contains and on the way they are syntactically combined.

Question 8

Word-order

Answer 8

How expressions are allowed to be ordered with respect to one another. (determiners (such as ‘that’) must proceed noun) (prepositions such as ‘with’ must come immediately to the left of the noun phrase.

Question 9

Co-occurrence

Answer 9

What other expressions can or must co-occur with it in that sentence

Question 10

Topicalized sentences

Answer 10

OSV word order. Apples, I like.

Question 11

Argument

Answer 11

If the occurrence of X necessitates the occurrence of Y, X is an argument of Y. 1. Obligatory, 2. cannot have more than required, 3. cannot be freely ordered with respect to one another.

Question 12

Complements

Answer 12

Non-subject arguments. (an apple is a complement of devoured)

Question 13

Adjuncts

Answer 13

Certain kinds of expressions whose occurrence is optional, can have as many as you like, can be freely ordered with respect tone another.

Question 14

Agreement

Answer 14

Distinct expressions may be required to have same value for grammatical features

Question 15

Morphosyntax

Answer 15

Morphological form of an expression has consequences for its syntactic properties. Morphology and syntax that are tightly related components of grammar.

Question 16

Syntactic Constituent

Answer 16

Certain groups of expressions within a larger phrase that can form a unit. Smaller expressions out of which the phrase was constructed. ex. an apple in the sentence sally devoured an apple. those two words together function as the complement of devoured.

Question 17

Cleft

Answer 17

Another constituency test in which some constituent is displaced or moved to the left

Question 18

Coordination

Answer 18

Involves the use of a coordinating conjunction such as and or or. And needs two arguments.

Question 19

Conjuncts

Answer 19

The arguments of coordinating conjunctions. sally and bob are arguments of and and neither can be omitted. sally and bob are conjuncts. They can also be switched around in a sentence without loss of grammaticality.

Question 20

Syntactic categories

Answer 20

similar to but distinct from the traditional notions of parts of speech or lexical categories. Consists of a set of expressions that have similar syntactic properties. Have approximately the same word order and c-occurrence requirements.

Question 21

syntactic distribution

Answer 21

When two expressions have similar syntactic properties and are interchangeable thus you can substitute them for one another and still have a grammatical sentence.

Question 22

demonstrative determiners

Answer 22

this, these, that, those

Question 23

possessive determiners

Answer 23

my, your, his, her, our etc

Question 24

quantificational determiners

Answer 24

some, the, every, all, few, most

Question 25

intransitive verbs

Answer 25

verbs such as slept which require no complement

Question 26

transitive verbs TV

Answer 26

verbs such as liked which require a NP complement to form a VP and form their own syntactic category

Question 27

Sentential complement verbs SV

Answer 27

verbs that require a complement of category S to form a VP EX: thought

Question 28

Adverb ADV

Answer 28

many expressions that can occur in a verb phrase as adjuncts combines with a VP to its left which results in an expression that is also a category of VP

Question 29

VP Adjuncts

Answer 29

Adverbs combine with a VP to form an expression

Question 30

N adjuncts

Answer 30

Adjectives that combine with nouns

Question 31

Prepositional phrase PP

Answer 31

Another kind of VP adjunct which consists of a preposition and a noun phrase. Prepositions need an arguments of category NP in order to form PP down, on, in, under, for, from, of, at

Question 32

Phrase structure rules

Answer 32

used to capture patterns of syntactic combination

Question 33

Preposition

Answer 33

Combines with an NP to form a PP at, for, with

Question 34

Ditransitive verb DTV

Answer 34

Needs two NP complements to form a VP

Question 35

Phrase structure tree

Answer 35

phrase structure rules

Question 36

Lexical ambiguity or homophony

Answer 36

A single word corresponds to distinct expressions that differ in meaning, syntactic properties or both

Question 37

Structural ambiguity

Answer 37

The sentence in which the PP is a noun adjunct and modifies a word

Question 38

Adjective

Answer 38

Occurs in between a determiner and a noun; combines with a noun to its right which results in an expression of category N

Question 39

determiner

Answer 39

Occurs to the left of the N to form an NP

Question 40

Verb Phrase VP

Answer 40

Consists minimally of a verb and its complements; combined with an NP to its left; has same distribution as slept or did so