language acquisition file 8

Question 1

Lingustic universals

Answer 1

All basic features shared by languages

Question 2

Homesign

Answer 2

communicative gestures used to form an association with a meaning

Question 3

imitation theory

Answer 3

claims children learn a language by listening to speech around them and reproducing what they hear

Question 4

reinforcement theory

Answer 4

children learn to speak like adults because they are praised, rewarded when they use the right forms and corrected when they’re wrong

Question 5

active construction of a grammar theory

Answer 5

children actually invent rules of grammar

Question 6

social interaction theory

Answer 6

lean language through interaction with older children and adults

Question 7

high amplitude sucking

Answer 7

given a special pacifier that is connected to a sound generating system- technique used to study infants up to 6 mo. of age

Question 8

conditioned head turn procedure

Answer 8

used with infants 5-18months. two phases conditioning and testing

Question 9

VOT voice onset time

Answer 9

Voice distinctions that are heard

Question 10

Articulatory gestures

Answer 10

Involved in producing a particular sound

Question 11

Babble

Answer 11

Producing sequences of vowels and consonants (spoken language) hand gestures (signed language)

Question 12

Repeated or canonical babbling

Answer 12

7-10 months, continual repetition of syllables helps practice a sequence of consonant and vowel sounds

Question 13

Variegated babbling

Answer 13

Infant strings together different syllables

Question 14

age of behavior

12 weeks

Answer 14

cries less, smiles when talked to, coos for 15-20 secs.

Question 15

16 weeks

Answer 15

responds to human sound more definitely, search for speaker, chuckling sounds, distinguishes between [i] and [a]

Question 16

20 weeks

Answer 16

intersperses vowel-like cooing with more consonantal sounds

Question 17

6 months

Answer 17

Cooing babbling resemble one-syllable utterances [ma] [mu] [da] [di]

Question 18

8 months

Answer 18

continuous repetitions of the same syllable, basic intonation patterns, uses utterances to signal emphasis and emotions

Question 19

10 months

Answer 19

Mixes vocalizations with sound play (gurgling or bubble blowing), appears to imitate sounds but imitations not successful

Question 20

12 months

Answer 20

replicates identical sound sequences, words are emerging, shows definite signs of understanding

Question 21

holophrase

Answer 21

a one-word sentence

Question 22

Telegraphic

Answer 22

The speech of young children

Question 23

plurals

Answer 23

acquired by kids early but does not mean they have mastered it

Question 24

negatives

Answer 24

children go through stages in learning to produce negative sentences

Question 25

interrogatives

Answer 25

children can produce questions only by using a rising intonation rather than by using syntactic structure

Question 26

complexive concept

Answer 26

Creating a set of objects that do not have any particular unifying characteristic

Question 27

Overextensions

Answer 27

When a child extends the range of a word's meaning beyond that typically used by an adult

Question 28

Underextension

Answer 28

Application of a word to a smaller set of objects than is appropriate for mature adult speech

Question 29

relational term

Answer 29

constitues a relatively complex concept. Two things kept in mind; absolute size of object and its position on a scale of similar objects

Question 30

deictic expressions

Answer 30

words referring to personal temporal or spatial aspects of an utterance whose meaning depends on the context

Question 31

infant directed speech

Answer 31

speech directed at children

Question 32

attention getters

Answer 32

to tell children which utterances are addressed to them and which they should be listening to

Question 33

attention holders

Answer 33

whenever they have more than one thing to say (a story)

Question 34

conversational turns

Answer 34

adults encourage children to take turns as speaker and listener in convo

Question 35

language mixing

Answer 35

using more than one language in a conversation or phrase

Question 36

second language acquistion

Answer 36

after acquiring native language learning second language later in life

Question 37

fossilization

Answer 37

morpho syntax or pronunciation can become fixed or not changed

Question 38

18 months

Answer 38

has repertoire of words-more than 3 less than 50, still engages in babbling now of several syllables, no frustration and not being understood, may include thank you or come here, progresses rapidly in understanding

Question 39

24 months

Answer 39

vocal of more than 50 words, joins vocal items into two word phrases, phrases appear to be own creations, increase in communicative behavior and interest in language

Question 40

30 months

Answer 40

fastest increase in vocab, no babbling, frustrated if not understood, utterances of at least two words, displays characteristic child grammar, not yet very intelligible