FINAL 01 - Isolation and Characterization of Carbohydrates Flashcards
(34 cards)
Are polyhydroxyaldehydes and polyhydroxyketones
Carbohydrates
General chemical formula for carbohydrates
Cn(H2O)n
Building blocks of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Also known as the simple sugars; they cannot be further hydrolyzed (Types of carbohydrates)
Monosaccharides
The simplest monosaccharide contains three carbon called __________
Trioses
2 types of monosaccharides (HP)
Hexoses, Pentoses
An aldohexose; includes dextrose, which is a blood and physiologic sugar (Types of hexoses)
Glucose
A ketohexose that is a reducing sugar; also known as fruit sugar (Types of hexoses)
Fructose
Fructose is also known as __________, the sweetest monosaccharide
Levulose
Readily absorbed in the intestines, biosynthesized in the mammary glands (Types of hexoses)
Galactose
A hexose that is tested using osazone test (Types of hexoses)
Mannose
Glucose (Test for hexoses)
Moore’s test
Fructose (Test for hexoses)
Seliwanoff’s test
Galactose (Test for hexoses)
Mucic test
Mannose (Test for hexoses)
Osazone test
Found in gum arabic/acacia (Types of pentoses)
Arabinose
Found in RNA (Types of pentoses)
Ribose
Found in DNA (Types of pentoses)
Deoxyribose
Are composed of two monosaccharide units (Types of carbohydrates)
Disaccharide
Glucose + Fructose (Examples of disaccharides)
Sucrose
Glucose + Glucose (α-1,4) (Examples of disaccharides)
Maltose
Glucose + Glucose (β-1,4) (Examples of disaccharides)
Cellubiose
Glucose + Galactose (Examples of disaccharides)
Lactose
2 types of polysaccharides (HH)
Homopolysaccharides, Heteropolysaccharides
