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Final 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Bore

A

A gun barrel

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2
Q

Caliber

A

The diameter of the gun barrel

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3
Q

Distance détermination

A

The process of estimating the distance between where a shot is fired and it’s target

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4
Q

Griess test

A

Uses chemicals to develop gunpowder residue patterns, particularly around bullet holes.

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5
Q

Grooves

A

The low areas cut into the barrel produced by rifling

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6
Q

Lands

A

Raised areas between the grooves in a gun barrel produced by rifling

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7
Q

Rifling

A

Spiral grooves cut into the barrel of a gun in order to make a bullet spin as it is fired

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8
Q

Serial number

A

Numbers impressed on a good for identification purposes

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9
Q

Tool mark

A

When a tool comes into contact with another surface, like a door, and creates a scratch or impression.

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10
Q

Adipocere

A

The creation of a waxy substance, when there is hydrogenation of the fat in the body

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11
Q

Algor mortis

A

The gradual cooling of the body after death, until it reaches the temperature of the air around

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12
Q

Bill Bass

A

Founded the forensic anthropology facility

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13
Q

Body farm

A

Another name for the forensic anthropology facility

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14
Q

Cause of death

A

The medical problem that leads to death, such as blunt, force, trauma, internal bleeding, blood loss, or gunshot

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15
Q

Forensic autopsy

A

Post Mortem examination

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16
Q

Indicative acts

A

Actions or behaviors that may have taken place before death ( or the absence of these behaviors )

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17
Q

Liver Mortis

A

The settling of blood in the lowest parts of the body

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18
Q

Manner of death

A

This may be suicide or homicide in a forensic autopsy, as opposed to disease or other natural causes

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19
Q

Mechanism of death

A

Refers to any instrument or weapon used in a death, such as a knife or firearm

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20
Q

Mummification

A

A drying of the body and it tissues

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21
Q

Putrefaction

A

afterdeath

Occurs because of bacterial activity and includes bloating, gas, formation, loss of hair and nails, and skin slippage

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22
Q

Rigor mortis

A

Relaxation of the bodies muscles after death, followed by gradual process of rigidity in the muscles

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23
Q

Taphonomy

A

The study of what happens to animals or humans between the time that they die in the time that their remains are found

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24
Q

Hybridization

A

Binds together DNA with a complementary DNA sequence
Part of RFLP

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25
Codis
A software program that contains DNA profiles of convicted, offenders, missing, persons, crime scene evidence, and other sources
26
Denaturing
The breaking of the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together, creating single strands
27
Polymerase chain reaction
PCR Creates strands of DNA from small samples of DNA at crime scenes
28
Complementary base pairing’s
Pairings on the DNA strands Adenine bond with thymine AT Cytosine bonds with guanine CG
29
Extension
creates a complementary new strand of DNA to the single strand Part of PCR
30
Mitochondrial, DNA
Inherited from one’s mother, and is found outside of the cell nucleus
31
Annealing
The process of reforming a double DNA strand Part of pcr
32
Replication
The process of creating new DNA from existing DNA
33
Chromosomes
Rod like structures that contain genetic material Inside the nucleus of each cell About 30,000 genes are found in each #DNA
34
DNA thermal cycler
Small sample of DNA placed here Creates a copy of the DNA through an automated process #PCR
35
Genes
The basic and fundamental part of heridty
36
Buccal cells
Cells from the lining of the inner cheek
37
Mitochondria
The small structures in the cell that are responsible for creating energy and carry several pieces of DNA
38
DNA typing
The means of distinguishing the DNA of one person from another #STR
39
Tandem repeats
A section of a chromosome that has multiple copies of a particular DNA sequence occurring in a repeating fashion #STR
40
Accelerant
Any substance used to start a fire
41
Blast effect
The outward rush of gases from the bombs site of origin
42
Explosion
When gases expand because of a chemical or mechanical action
43
High explosives
These materials ignite, almost instantaneously, and include dynamite and TNT
44
Hydrocarbons
Compound that consists of hydrogen and carbon Mixtures of this often set deliberately with petroleum products, such as gasoline #arson
45
Ion-mobility spectrometer
Vacuum to test for explosive materials
46
Low explosives
Decompose slowly, and include black powder and smokeless powder
47
Molotov cocktails
Bombs made by placing gasoline in a glass jar and using an ignition source
48
Point of origin
The place where a fire began
49
Primary explosives
Easily ignited or detonated and are very sensitive to heat and friction Type of high explosive
50
Secondary explosives
much less sensitive to heat and friction typically have to be ignited through the use of other explosive materials
51
Substrate control
An uncontaminated sample Taking for physical evidence suspected of containing a flammable liquid
52
How long does gun powder residue remain on the shooters hand
 A few hours
53
When is toolmark is found what is done first
Taking a photograph of the Mack
54
What is used to make a cast of toolmark
Silicone rubber
55
I tall suspected of being used at a crime scene should
Not be tried out in a tumor to see if it fits
56
If a gun is fired from 1 inch or less from the target, the lead pattern will be in which shape
 A circle
57
Bullets should be transported in what
 Tissue paper
58
Rigor mortis typically disappears after how many hours
12 to 36 hours
59
Forensic anthropology facility is located in which US state
Tennessee
60
Pure dental diseases in teeth and ostheoarthritis common problems that show up on
Skeletal remains
61
In liver mortis the discoloration on the body is often in which color
Purple
62
How soon will insect activity weekend for a body left in the open?
Immediately
63
During an autopsy
All organs are removed from the body, weighed and examined for any damage that might reveal information about the cause of death
64
Within about three hours after death what happens to the eyes
A thin, cloudy film develops
65
Liver Mortis reaches its maximum, how many hours after death
8 to 12 hours
66
A light meal with digestion how many hours
One to two hours
67
Who discovered DNA typing?
Alec Jeffries
68
DNA sample should not be stored where
A car trunk
69
How many bases are there in nuclear
 For
70
Major potential problem with DNA evidence
Contamination
71
MtDNA is transferred along
Matrilineal lineage
72
About how many cells are present in our bodies?
60 trillion
73
Techniques used to analyze DNA
PCR, STR,RFLP
74
Where are chromosomes located in relation to a cell
Inside the nucleus of the cell
75
What is the first technology used to analyze evidence arrived in lab from an explosion
Microscope
76
Materials are evidence collected from and explosion are contained in
Airtight containers
77
The outward rush of gases from the bomb side of origin can be as high as what
7000 mph
78
PCR three stages
Denaturing, annealing, and extension
79
IBIS
Integrated ballistic identification system Database of digital images showing they identifying features of bullets and casings Created for the bureau of alcohol, tobacco and firearms and explosives

Forensic Science (4 decks)

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