Midterm 2 Flashcards by Lisa Obara

Presumptive tests

Tests that are non-specific and help a forensics science identify several particular drugs, that the substance is likely to be

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LSD

Originally produced from ergot fungus that is found on some plants and grasses

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Drugs

Substances that produce physiological or psychological effects in humans

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Hallucinogens

Alter an individuals, mood perceptions, or thoughts

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Ecstasy

One of the most popular club drugs originally presented as an appetite, suppressant this synthetic drug produces feelings of happiness, as well as hallucinations

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Depressants

Slow down the central nervous system

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Club drugs

Synthetic drugs that are typically used in bars, night clubs, raves, and other gatherings

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Color tests

Involve introducing a chemical reaction to the drug and observing whether or not the material changes color

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Barbiturates

A form of depressants. They are often referred to as “downers” as they tend to relax individual and produce sleep.

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Opium

Milky substance that is obtained by cutting into the unripe, pod of the poppy plant, which is found in many parts of Asia

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Stimulants

Speed up the central nervous system

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Confirmatory tests

Prove a drugs identity

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cocaine

Extracted from the coca plant, which is found in tropical areas of Asia and South America
#stimulant drug

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Narcotics

Painkilling or pain, reducing substances that tend to reduce the rates of bodily functions, like pulse and breathing
Many produced from opium
#drug

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Carbon monoxide

A chemical produced, when organic materials are not completely combusted

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Toxicology

The study of substances that cause adverse effects in humans or other organisms

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Hermann Boerhaave

Dutch botanist and physician, who suggested that poisons could be detected in a persons body through the use of chemical means
#poison

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Forensic toxicology

The use of toxicology in the process of investigating deaths, drug cases, or suspected poisonings

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Strychnine

Comes from the seeds of the strychnine tree; poisoning can occur through consumption, inhalation, or absorption by mucous membranes
#poison

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Arsenic

Has probably killed more individuals than any other poison
The substance is actually a common element, found in the crust of the Earth, as well as other natural locations, and most of the compounds found have little taste or odor

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Ricin

Naturally produced in the seeds of the castor oil plant, it is extremely poisonous when ingested or inhaled
#poison

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Reinsch test

Test used to determine the presence of heavy metals
#Poison

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Cyanide

Poison used in the infamous Jonestown massacre in 1978. Where over 900 people died.

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Johan, Daniel Metzger

Developed a method of detecting arsenic in solutions

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Mathieu Orfila

I Spanish, born chemist, who published one of the first written, works educated to the topic of poisons and medication’s

Aconite

Sometimes known as women’s bane , wolfsbane, or monks head, this poison comes from the aconite plant #poison

Joseph Plenic

Suggested that detection and identification of poisons needed to occur through the organs of the body, in order to be sure of poisoning

Percent saturation

The ratio of hemoglobin that has been combined with carbon monoxide in comparison to hemoglobin that has been combined with oxygen

James marsh

Developed a way to test for arsenic in tissue

Natural variations

Small differences that appear in any repeated samples of a persons handwriting

Questioned document

Any document with handwriting or type writing that is in question as to its authenticity

Erasure

The removal of hand, writing, typescript, or another feature of a document using chemicals, abrasive surfaces (sandpaper, and eraser, etc) or other means

Obliteration

The crossing out or overriding of original material to make it unreadable

Transmitting terminal identifier

Header that is printed on the top of each fax

Digitizing

Happens when a document image is stored in digital memory

Exemplars

Authentic samples that are compared to the questioned document

Altered documents

Documents that have been changed in some way

Stereoscopic microscope

Provides a three-dimensional image of an item, although it does not have the magnifying power of a compound microscope

Microscopes

Devices that use lenses to magnify items

Natural fibers

Fibers made from plant or animal materials

Manufactured fibers

Made up of polymers

Comparison, microscope

Combines two microscope’s into one unit, allowing the viewer to see what is under each of the lenses at the same time

Solvent

Works to dissolve or dispersing substances into a liquid form #paint

Compound microscope

Has two lenses and can magnify an item up to 1500 times

Molecule

Two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds

PDQ

Paint data query, A database of information about vehicle paint

Pigments

Consist of both organic and non-organic compounds and materials that are added to paint to produce a particular color

Scanning electron microscope

Works by shooting a beam of electrons at an item and recording the electron emissions that occur

Binders

Substances that provides support or structure for the pigment in paint

Polymers

Substance is made up of many atoms, with the atoms arranged in repeating patterns

The Scott test is used when which drug is suspected

Cocaine

What type of drug is barbiturates?

Depressants

What plant is opium produced from

Unripe pod of poppy plant

The van urk test is used when which drug is suspected

LSD

To test for the presence of drugs in humans, they use

Blood hair saliva

Stimulants are also called what

Uppers

Most commonly and widely used a depressant in the US

Alcohol

What drug slows down the central nervous system

Depressants

What does spectrophotometry use to help identify drugs

Light

What drug is ecstasy?

Club drugs

What type of drugs are legal painkillers like OxyContin?

Narcotics

What do microcrystalline tests examine about the crystals that form?

Morphology

What is used in a Reinsch test?

A copper strip

What is women’s bane or wolfsbane?

Aconite

The high rate of death during the 1918 Spanish influenza has due in part to what

Aspirin toxicity

Characteristics of poison that are attracting to criminals

Easily hidden taste and odor Easy administration Easily found and accessible

Which poison was used in the Jonestown massacre

Cyanide

Symptoms of arsenic

Meeslines in fingernails and toenails Darkening skin Peripheral nerve problems Irritation to the stomach and intestines Pain and vomiting, diarrhea

Example of a heavy metal that is toxic to humans

Arsenic

Which poison can be identified by a color test?

Cyanide

When carbon monoxide enters the bloodstream

It combines with hemoglobin

The percent saturation of carbon monoxide poisoning is always 34%

False false false

Ricin might be used as

A potential terrorist weapon

Elements that influence our hand writing

The way we hold a pencil The pressure we use to write The speed we write with

Same words and phrases as the question document

Is helpful

What might be used to help enhance the information on a receipt

Digitizing

Stamp signatures are

Not always illegal

To see if correction fluid has been used on a document

It can be put up in front of the light in the area will appear opaque

Transmitting terminal identifier is found on documents from what device

Fax machine

To take a sample of ink on a document

Forensic scientist may take a needle with a blunt and and punch it through the document on an ink line

Who maintains a database of thin layer, chromatography results for different pens, ink, and toners

The US, Secret Service and the IRS

Exemplary are what type of sample

Authentic

A compound microscope can magnify up to

1500 times

When a polarized white light is sent through a synthetic fiber, how many perpendicular rays are created

Two

Which microscope has the highest potential magnification?

Scanning electron microscope

Fibers are only valuable when

They can determine where it came from

Scanning electron microscope works by

Shooting a beam of electrons at the item, and recording the electron emissions that occur

What does pigment do to paint

Gives it color

The most widely found natural fiber is

Cotton

Polymers contain how many atoms

Thousands

Microspectrophotometer measures what

Light absorption

What microscope produces a three-dimensional image of the object under the lens

Stereoscopic microscope

How many layers of paint are there on typical manufactured vehicles?

For

Taking a cross-section of a fiber can reveal

The shape of the fiber

Pigments are made of

Natural and unnatural materials