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Forensic Science > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Locates exchange principle

A

States that there is an exchange of materials when two objects come into contact with each other

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2
Q

Digital forensics

A

The field of forensic science that investigates digital evidence found on devices like laptop and smartphones

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3
Q

Calvin Goddard

A

Found a way of using a comparison microscope to improve this technique to better match bullets

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4
Q

Forensic science

A

The application of science to the criminal justice system

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5
Q

Forensic odontology

A

Provides insight into the identification of individuals through their teeth

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6
Q

Expert witness

A

Someone whom the court deems has special knowledge relevant to the case, generally knowledge an ordinary person would not have

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7
Q

Forensic sociology

A

The application of social science to criminal investigations

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8
Q

Edmond Locard

A

Showed the issue of cross contamination

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9
Q

Forensic entomology

A

Uses the study of insects to help criminal investigations

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10
Q

Forensic pathology

A

Studies sudden, unexplained, and violent deaths by using autopsies to determine the cause of death in an individual

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11
Q

Leone Lattes

A

Figured out a way to determine the type of blood from dried blood stain and began using the new test to criminal investigations

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12
Q

Forensics psychiatry

A

Focuses on the relationship between human behavior and criminal justice

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13
Q

Francis Galton

A

Showed the uniqueness of fingerprints and how they could be used for identification

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14
Q

Autopsy

A

A dissection and examination of the body, often to determine why the person died

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15
Q

Forensic anthropology

A

Specializes in the identification and examination of skeletal remains

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16
Q

Testimony

A

Verbal statement given under oath

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17
Q

Mathieu Orfila

A

Known as the father of toxicology

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18
Q

Pathology

A

A science that deals with disease

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19
Q

Chain of custody

A

A list of all persons who had possession of the evidence during the crime investigation

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20
Q

Close-up photographs

A

Focus on an injury, a weapon, or a piece of evidence to show detail

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21
Q

Crime scene

A

The place where a crime occurred

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22
Q

Finished sketch

A

A precise representation of the scene

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23
Q

First responder

A

The first person that arrives at the scene

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24
Q

Fourth amendment

A

Protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures

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25
Intermediate photographs
Are closer to the evidence, but they still show the area surrounding the evidence
26
Known sample
A sample that comes from a particular person or place
27
Overview photographs
Show the crime scene in wide angles
28
Physical evidence
Anything that can establish a crime has happened and anything that links the crime and the criminal
29
Question sample
A sample of physical evidence that is collected at a crime scene
30
Rough sketches
Show the location of evidence and contain accurate account of the distances between them and the dimensions of the crime scene
31
Secondary crime scenes
Additional sites where criminal activity might’ve happened
32
Trace evidence
Evidence that is small and often hard to find
33
Unknown sample
Example of physical evidence that is collected at a crime scene
34
Chemical properties
Describe what happens when a substance reacts with another substance
35
Comparison
The process of testing a suspect sample with a known sample to prove whether or not they share a common origin
36
Concentric fractures
Fractors that form a circle around the point of impact
37
Demonstrated evidence
Evidence that is used to help recreate or illustrate a crime
38
Documentary evidence
Any type of written or recorded evidence, such as a recording of a telephone conversation or video recording of a crime
39
Minutiae
The ridge endings, enclosures, and other details that make up a fingerprint
40
Physical evidence
Includes tangible objects, including weapons, trace evidence like hair, blood or fibers, and fingerprints
41
Physical properties
Describe a substance or object without referring to any other substance
42
Probability
The frequency of an event
43
Radial fractures
Extend outward from the point of impact, almost like the spokes on a wheel This tend to happen first when pane of glass is struck
44
Soil
Surface material from the Earth, both natural and artificial
45
Testimony
The evidence given by witnesses during a trial
46
Nuclear DNA
Found in the nucleus of the cell and is inherited from both biological parents
47
Visible fingerprints
Created when a surface is touched after the finger has been in contact with another substance, such as blood, ink, or paint
48
Hemoglobin
A protein that transports oxygen and gives blood its red coloring
49
Precipitin test
Used to distinguish between animal and human blood
50
Medulla
A set of cells that runs through a hair
51
Mitochondrial DNA
Found in small structures outside the nucleus of a cell and is inherited from the biological mother
52
Morphology
Hair’s form and structure
53
Luminol
Very sensitive test today identified blood stains, which can show blood even when it has been diluted up to 300,000 times
54
Whorl fingerprints
Have Ridge patterns that are circular in shape with two deltas 30 to 35% of the population
55
Loop fingerprints
Characterized by ridge lines that enter on one side, loop around, and exit on the same side 60 to 65% of the population
56
Latent fingerprints
Made by the oil and perspiration on a finger that is deposited on a surface
57
Arch fingerprints
Average lines which start on one side and exit on the other side of the print 5% of the population
58
Plastic prints
Prints created when the finger touches a soft material like soap or putty
59
4 types of evidence
Physical Documentary Demonstrative Testimony
60
3 tasks of a forensic scientist
Collect and analyze evidence Service an expert witness and give testimony Train other professionals
61
4 criteria to establish an expert witness
Education Number of years of experience in the field Membership and professional organizations Any books or other publications that the person has authored
62
How many crime laboratories in us currently
320
63
What book has the first written record of medical knowledge to solving crime in a description of how to distinguish between strangulation and drowning
A Chinese book
64
Individual characteristics
Properties associated with a common source to high degree of certainty
65
Class characteristics
Those that can only be associated with a group and not a single source May also have individual characteristics
66
When the drug heroin comes into contact with the Marquis Regent chemical what happens
It turns purple
67
3 types of fingerprints
Loop Whorls Arch
68
It’s a fingerprint is discovered on a dark surface what color fingerprint powder might be used
Grey
69
True or false. The properties of hair do not change as we age
False
70
What is the best source of nuclear DNA when working with hair samples
Follicular tissue
71
What system is the first system to classify blood types
ABO system
72
Cording to the 2015 FBI investigations in trials were here evidence was presented what percentage included flawed testimony on hair samples
95%
73
What type of fingerprint is invisible to the naked eye
Latent fingerprints
74
How many full length strands of hair are collected from the scalp to use as a sample
50
75
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Forensic Science (4 decks)

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