Final Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Which layer of the epidermis is single-celled, consists of cuboidal or columnar epithelium, and is attached to the basement membrane?
A
Stratum germinativum
2
Q
Which layer of the skin contains the sweat glands?
A
Dermis
3
Q
Which if the following is NOT a function of the skin?
A
Production of red blood cells
4
Q
Which techniques alternatively deform and release tissue at varying rhythms and pressure?
A
Percussive techniques
5
Q
The most superficial layer of the epidermis, the —— mostly consists of dead cells and keratin
A
Stratum Corneum
6
Q
The application of water for therapeutic purposes is termed ——-
A
Hydrotherapy
7
Q
Tue or False? Profuse sweating, washing, and bathing can significantly alter the normal resident microorganisms or flora found on the skin
A
False
8
Q
True or False? Glandular secretion increase with age
A
False
9
Q
True or False? Massage has the ability to mechanically change the texture and consistency of skin
A
True
10
Q
True or False? Massage can increase local blood and lymph flow
A
True
11
Q
True or False? Psychoneuroimmunologic effects are those caused by physically moving the tissue
A
False
12
Q
How many pairs of spinal nerve branch off the spinal cord to the rest of the body?
A
31
13
Q
Which part of the brain houses the thalamus and hypothalamus?
A
Diencephalon
14
Q
The peripheral nervous system is divided in to ____, the ______, and the _____ nervous systems
A
Sensory, Somatic & Autonomic
15
Q
_____ are the functional unit of the nervous system
A
Neurons
16
Q
True or False? The trigeminal nerve carries sensations of touch and pressure.
A
True
17
Q
True or False? The medial nerve innervates the thumb and fist two fingers and lateral half of the third finger
A
True
18
Q
True or False? With age comes a steady loss of neurons in the brain and spinal cord
A
True
19
Q
Which of the following correctly traces the path sperm travels from the testis to outside of the body?
A
Epididymis, Vas Deferens, Ejaculatory Duct, Urethra
20
Q
Which gland contributes approximately 60% of the seminal fluid?
A
Seminal Vesicle
21
Q
Which part of the penis is removed in Circumcision?
A
Prepuce/foreskin
22
Q
Reproductive function begins with the onset of _____, which is the final maturation of the reproductive system
A
Puberty
23
Q
In both sexes, the _____ remain dormant until they are activated by secretions from the pituitary during this period
A
Gonads
24
Q
The glandular portion of the breast is known as the _____
A
Mammary Gland
25
The reflex by which milk is secreted when an infant suckles the nipples is known as the _____
Milk Letdown Reflux
26
True or False? The fetal period is the time between the start of the third week to the end of the eighth week of pregnancy
False
27
True or False? Milk is secreted by glands known as alveoli
True
28
True or False? The temperature of the testes within the scrotum is maintained slightly above that of the body
False
29
True or False? In benign prostatic hyperplasia, the prostate shrinks to half its original size
False
30
____ are chemical messengers released by one tissue into the bloodstream to have an effect on the other tissue in the body
Hormones
31
______ glands secrete into ducts connected to body cavities, organs lumens, or outside the body
Exocrine
32
The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is an increase in blood _____ levels
Glucose
33
The ____ gland Is located posterior to the sternum and is important for immunity, containing lymphocytes in various stages of development
Thymus
34
The hormone ___ Is secreted by the stomach when peptides and amino acids are present in the partially digested food
Gastrin
35
True or False? Endocrine glands secrete chemicals into the interstitial fluid around them
True
36
True or False? Each cell has receptors on the cell membrane, cytoplasm, or nucleus that recognize and respond exclusively to specific hormones
True
37
True or False? The “fight or flight” response occurs during the resistance phase of the stress response
False (alarm phase)
38
True or False? Hormones that enter the circulatory system and have effects on cells far away are known as Local hormones
False (circulatory hormones)
39
True or False? Usually, each cell has as many as 2,000 to 10,000 receptors for a specific hormone
True
40
True or False? Water- soluble hormones easily pass through the cell membrane to enter cells
False (cannot pass easily)
41
True or False? Most endocrine gland secretions are controlled by a negative feedback mechanism
True
42
Which type of white blood cell stains pink with acid dyes and is highly toxic for parasites?
Eosinophil
43
The process in which a white blood cell engulfs a foreign agent into its cytoplasm and destroys it is known as ____
Phagocytosis
44
The fall in blood pressure and dizziness caused by suddenly standing up is known as orthostatic or postural_____
Hypotension
45
True or False? Normal diastolic pressure is about 120 mm Hg
False (80 mm Hg)
46
True or False? If peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure must be increased to maintain flow
True
47
True or False? Those who have had long-term aerobic training have smaller hearts
False ( larger, stronger hearts)
48
True or False? The process of forming new blood vessels is known as angiogenesis
True
49
True or False? With age there is less of a tendency for the blood to clot
False ( increased)
50
Which of the following is NOT used by the lymphatic system to move fluid toward the neck?
A lymphatic pump, similar to the heart
51
Which type of T cells help activate the B cells to produce antibodies?
Helper/inducer T cells
52
Tiny lymph vessels that bring lymph into the lymph node are known as which of the following?
Afferent vessels
53
The flat, long structure located in the mediastinum (between the lungs) that is the first organ to began the manufacture of lymphocytes is which of the following?
Thymus
54
The inguinal nodes are located in which region?
Lower extremity
55
The massage technique that involves kneading lightly with the fingertips or hand to soften areas of hardened edema is which of the following?
Compression
56
Which is the correct order for performing lymph drainage strokes to the upper extremity?
Deltoid, upper arm, forearm, hand
57
Which type of immunity is genetically determined?
Innate
58
Which of the following is considered an autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues?
Rheumatoid arthritis
59
The _____ collects lymph from the right side of the body superior to the diaphragm
Right lymphatic duct
60
_____ are small organs that filter particles and remove foreign substances before the lymph empties into the veins
Lymph nodes
61
True or False? Lymphocytes not only recognize foreign agents in the interstitial fluid but also remember the ones they have encountered
True
62
True or False? The spleen is the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body
True
63
True and False? Massage over lymph nodes increase edema
False (decreases)
64
True or False? By relieving stress, massage may boost the various functions of the immune system
False
65
Which of the following is suited to clean the air that enters the nasal cavity and to bring it to body temperature and humidity?
Nasal epithelium
66
Which of the following are the cavities present in the lateral and superior walls of the nasal cavity?
Paranasal sinuses
67
The region that extends between the posterior part of the nasal cavity and the larynx is which of the following?
Pharynx
68
Which part of the pharynx is common for the passage of food and air?
Oropharynx
69
Which of the following is also known as the windpipe?
Trachea
70
The major muscle (or muscles) of inspiration is/are the
Diaphragm
71
Which of the process of respiration involves the absorption of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from air spaces in the lung and pulmonary capillaries?
External respiration
72
The posterior part of the tongue contains some lymphoid tissue known as the _____
Lingual tonsils
73
Bronchi located outside the lungs are known as ____ bronchi
Extrapulmonary
74
The areas in the medulla and pons of the brain that are responsible for involuntary control of breathing are known as the ______
Respiratory centers
75
Clients with breathing difficulty or requiring sinus drainage may be more comfortable in ______ position, in which the head end is raised 30 to 90 degrees, with the hips and knees slightly flexed
Flowers
76
True or False? Normal adult has a respiratory rate of about 60 breaths per minute
False ( 12-18)
77
True or False? The level of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions can alter respiration
True
78
True or False? The elderly rely on the movement of the diaphragm more than chest wall movement
True
79
True or False? Massage can slow down respiratory rate
True
80
Which layer of mucosa consists of connective tissue, glands, nerve endings, blood vessels, and lymphoid tissue?
Lamina propria
81
The folds in the epithelium of the digestive tract wall that increase absorption of nutrients are known as which of the following?
Villi
82
The wave of muscular contraction that travels along the length of the digestive tract is known as ______
Peristalsis
83
The process of swallowing is known as _______
Deglutition
84
The passage from the middle ear to the pharynx that equalizes the air pressure between the atmosphere and middle war is which of the following?
Eustachian tube
85
The proximal region of the stomach, close to the esophagus, is known as the _____
Cardia
86
The area of the stomach that forms the curve of the “J” near the sphincter that opens into the duodenum is the ______
Pylorus
87
The function of the _____ is to store and concentrate bile that is secreted by the liver
Gallbladder
88
The dentin of the tooth is covered by the layer of ____ which is a crystalline form of calcium phosphate
Enamel
89
After being processed by the stomach, food is known as _____
Chyme
90
The _____ is a gland that lies posterior to the stomach and manufactures enzymes that help with the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Pancreas
91
The final portion of the colon is known as the ___ colon
Sigmoid
92
True or False? About 90% of absorption occurs in the large intestine
False (small intestine)
93
True or False? Gastrin, a hormone secreted by cells in the stomach, stimulates gastric motility and secretion
True
94
True or False? The krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions facilitated by different enzymes that occur in the matrix of the mitochondria
True
95
Which part of the urinary system filters waste products, toxins, and excess fluid from the bloodstream?
C. Kidneys
96
The study of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the kidney is which of the following?
B. Nephrology
97
Which of the following is NOT a function if the urinary system?
D. Manufacturers enzymes that help with the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
98
The indentation in the kidney that faces medially is the _____
D. Hilum
99
From deep superficial, which is the correct order of layers covering the kidney?
A. Renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia
100
The cup-shaped structures into which any urine that is formed in the kidney drains are known as the _____
C. Renal calyces
101
The large pores between the endothelial cells of the capillaries in the glomerulus are known as which of the following?
B. Fenestrations
102
What percentage of urine is water?
D. 93% - 97%
103
In which segment of the nephron is about 60% to 70% of the water from the tubular fluid reabsorbed?
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
104
The smooth muscle of the bladder wall is which of the following?
C. Detrusor muscle
105
With age, which organ typically increases in size in men?
B. Prostate
106
The renal artery, renal vein, lymphatics, and renal nerves enter and leave the kidney at the _____
Hilum
107
True or False? If all of the nephrons in the kidney were laud end to end, they would extend about 90 miles
True
108
True or False? Urine is a sterile fluid
True (inside the body)
109
True or False? The band of circular skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor is the external urethral sphincter
True
110
True or False? What effect of massage is the potential decrease of urine production
False (increase)
111
The autonomic Nervous system has two divisions: the ___ and the ____
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
112
True or False? Lymph capillaries are highly permeable and allow large particles to easily enter the vessel
True
113
Which structure moves posteriorly with each swallow to close the narrow opening of the Larynx to prevent entry of food into the larynx?
Epiglottis
114
The vocal cords are actually which of the following?
Ligament
115
The part of the thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs is known as which of the following?
Mediastinum
116
True or False? Temperature can affect respiratory rate
True
117
The part of the small intestine that joins to the large intestine is which of the following?
Ileum
118
Saliva is secreted by the _____
Salivary glands
119
Together, the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus are known as the ____
Renal Corpuscle
120
True or False? The Filtration membrane of the nephron allows large structures such as proteins to pass through
False (not proteins)
