Practice final Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Which layer of the epidermis is a single-celled, consists of cuboidal or columnar epithelium, and is attached to the basement membrane?
A
D. Stratum germinativum
2
Q
Which layer of the skin contains the sweat glands?
A
D. Dermis
3
Q
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?
A
C. Production of red blood cells
4
Q
Which techniques alternatively deform and release tissue at varying rhythms and pressure?
A
C. Percussive techniques
5
Q
True or False? Profuse sweating, washing, and bathing can significantly alter the normal resident microorganisms or flora on the skin
A
False (NOT)
6
Q
True or False? Glandular secretions increase with age
A
False (Decrease)
7
Q
True or False? Massage can increase local blood and lymph flow
A
True
8
Q
True or False? Psychoneuroimmunologic effects are those caused by physically moving the tissue.
A
False (NOT)
9
Q
The nerves that carry impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system are which of the following?
A
B. Afferents
10
Q
How many pairs of spinal nerves branch off from the spinal cord to the rest of the body?
A
B. 31
11
Q
Which part of the brain is divided into the four lobes: temporal, occipital, parietal, and frontal?
A
C. Cerebrum
12
Q
Which part of the brain is divided into the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain and controls basic bodily functions?
A
B. Brainstem
13
Q
The automatic nervous system has two divisions: the ____ and the ___
A
Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
14
Q
The peripheral nervous system is divided into the ___, the ___,
and the ____ nervous system
A
Sensory, Somatic, Autonomic
15
Q
Twelve pairs of ___ relay sensory input from the head and neck to the brain
A
Cranial Nerves
16
Q
True or False the trigeminal nerve carries sensations of touch and pressure
A
True
17
Q
True or False? The median nerve innervates the thumb and first two fingers and lateral half of the third finger
A
True
18
Q
True or False? With age comes a steady loss of neurons in the brain and spinal cord
A
True
19
Q
True or False? Massage therapy cannot provide pain relief
A
False ( they can)
20
Q
____ glands secrete into ducts connected to body cavities,
Organ lumens, or outside the body
A
Exocrine
21
Q
The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is an increase in blood___ levels
A
Glucose
22
Q
The ___ gland is located posterior to the sternum and is important for immunity,
containing lymphocytes in various stages of development
A
Thymus
23
Q
The hormone ___ is secreted by the stomach when peptides and amino acids are present in the partly digested food
A
Gastrin
24
Q
True or False? The “fight or flight” response occurs during the resistance phase if the stress response
A
False (alarm phase)
25
True or False? Hormones that enter the circulatory system and have effects on cells far away are known as local hormones
False (circulating hormones)
26
True or False? Usually, each cell has as many as 2,000 to 10,000 receptors for a specific hormone
True
27
True or False? Water-soluble hormones easily pass through the cell membrane to enter cells
False (cannot pass easily)
28
True or False? Most endocrine gland secretions are controlled by negative feedback mechanism
True
29
Which of the following correctly traces the path sperm travels from the testis to outside of the body?
A. Epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
30
Which gland contributes approximately 60% of the seminal fluid?
C. Seminal vesicle
31
Which part of the penis is removed in circumcision?
D. Prepuce (foreskin)
32
Reproduction function begins with the onset of ___, which is the final maturation of the reproductive system
Puberty
33
In both sexes, the ____ remain dormant until they are activated by secretions from the pituitary during this period
Gonads
34
The glandular portion of the breast is known as the ___
Mammary gland
35
The reflex by which milk is secreted when an infant suckles the nipples is known as the ____
Milk let down reflux
36
True or False? The fetal period is the time between the start of the third week to the end of the eighth week of pregnancy
False (9th week until birth)
37
True or False? The temperature of the testes within the scrotum is is maintained slightly above that of the body
False (lower temp)
38
True of False? In benign prostatic hyperplasia, the prostate shrinks to half its original size
False (enlarges)
39
Which type of blood cells stains pink with acid dyes and is highly toxic for parasites?
Eosinophil
40
The process by which a white blood cell engulfs a foreign agent into its cytoplasm and destroys it is known as _____
Phagocytosis
41
The fall in blood pressure and dizziness caused by suddenly standing up is known as orthostatic or postural ____
Hypotension
42
True or False? Normal diastolic pressure is about 120 mm Hg
False (80 mm Hg)
43
True or False? If peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure must be increased to maintain flow
True
44
True or False? Those who have had long-term aerobic training have smaller hearts
False (larger, stronger hearts)
45
True or False? The process of forming new blood vessels is known as angiogensis
True
46
True or False? With age, there is less of a tendency for the blood to clot
False (Increased)
47
Which of the following is NOT used by the lymphatic system to move fluid toward the neck?
B. A lymphatic pump, similar to the heart
48
The lymphocytes that mature in the thymus are known as which of the following?
D. T lymphocytes
49
Which type of T cells help activate the B cells to produce antibodies?
A. Helper/inducer T cells
50
Tiny lymph vessels that bring lymph into the lymph node are known as which of the following?
A. Afferent Vessels
51
The flat, long structure located in the mediastinum (between the lungs) that is the first organ to begin the manufacture of lymphocytes is which of the following?
C. Thymus
52
The inguinal nodes are located in which region?
D. Lower extremity
53
The massage technique that involves kneading lightly with the fingertips or hand to soften areas of hardened edema is which of the following ?
A. Compression
54
Which is the correct order for performing lymph drainage strokes to the upper extremity?
B. Deltoid, upper arm, forearm, hand
55
Which type of immunity is genetically determined?
D. Innate
56
Which of the following is considered an autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues?
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
57
The ___ collects lymph from
| Thr right side of the body superior to the diaphragm
Right lymphatic duct
58
____ are small organs that filter large particles and remove foreign substances before the lymph empties into the veins
Lymph nodes
59
True or False? Lymph capillaries are highly permeable and allow large particles to easily enter the vessels
True
60
True or False? The spleen is the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body
True
61
True or False? Massage over lymph nodes increases edema
False (decreases)
62
True or False? In manual lymph drainage, all strokes move in the opposite direction of lymph flow
False ( In the direction)
63
Which of the following is suited to clean the air that enters the nasal cavity and to bring it to body temperature and humidity?
C. Nasal epithelium
64
Which of the following are the cavities present in the lateral and superior walls of the nasal cavity?
B. Paranasal sinuses
65
The region that extends between the posterior part of the nasal cavity and the larynx is which of the following?
D. Pharynx
66
Which of the following is also known as the wind pipe?
A. Trachea
67
Which structure moves posteriorly with each swallow to close the narrow opening of the larynx to prevent entry of food into the larynx
C. Epiglottis
68
The vocal cords are actually which of the following?
B. Ligament
69
The part of the thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs is known as which of the following?
Mediastinum
70
The major muscle or muscles of inspiration is/are the _____
B. Diaphragm
71
Which of the process of respiration involves the absorption of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from the air spaces in the lung and pulmonary capillaries?
C. External respiration
72
The posterior part of the tongue contains some lymphoid tissue known as the ___
Lingual tonsils
73
Bronchi located outside the lungs are known as ____ bronchi
Extrapulmonary
74
The areas in the medulla and pons of the brain that are responsible for involuntary control of breathing are known as the ____
Respiratory centers
75
Clients with breathing difficulty or requiring sinus drainage maybe more comfortable in ___ Possession, in which the head and is raised 30 to 90°, with the hips and knees slightly flexed
Fowlers
76
True or False? A normal adult has a respiratory rate of about 60 breaths per minute
False (12-18)
77
True or False? The level of oxygen, Carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions can alter respiration
True
78
True or False? Temperature can affect respiratory rate
True
79
True or False? The elderly rely on movement of the diaphragm more than chest wall movement
True
80
True or False? Massage can slow down respiratory rate
True
81
Which layer of the mucosa consist of connective tissue, glands, nerve endings, blood vessels, and lymphoid tissue?
B. Lamina propria
82
The wave of muscular contraction that travels along the length of the digestive track is known as ____
D. Peristalsis
83
The process of swallowing is known as ____
A. Deglutition
84
The passage from the middle ear to the pharynx that equalizes the air pressure between the atmosphere in the middle ear is which of the following?
D. Eustachian tube
85
The proximal region of the stomach, close to esophagus, is known as the _____
A. Cardia
86
The area the stomach that forms the curve of the “J” Near the sphincter that opens into the duodenum is there ___
B. Pylorus
87
The part of the small intestine that joins to the large intestine is which of the following?
C. Ileum
88
The function of the ___ Is to store and concentrate bile that is secreted by the liver
B. Gallbladder
89
The Denton of a tooth is covered by a layer of ___, Which is a crystalline form of calcium phosphate
Enamel
90
Saliva is secreted by the ___
Salivary glands
91
After being processed by the stomach, food is known as ___
Chyme
92
The final portion of the colon is known as the ____ colon
Sigmoid
93
True or False? About 90% of absorption occurs in the large intestine
False (small intestine)
94
True or False? Gastrin, a hormone secreted by cells in the stomach, simulates gastric motility and secretion
True
95
True or False? The Krebs cycle as a series of chemical reactions facilitated by different enzymes that occur in the matrix of the Mitochondria
True
96
The study of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the kidney is which of the following?
B. Nephrology
97
Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?
D. Manufactures enzymes that help with the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
98
The indentation in the kidney that faces mediately is the ____
D. Hilum
99
From deep to superficial, which is the correct order of layers covering the kidney?
A. Renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia
100
The cup-shaped structures Into which any urine that is formed in the kidney drains are known as the ___
C. Renal calyces
101
The large pores between the endothelial cells of the
| capillaries in the glomerulus are known as which of the following?
B. Fenestrations
102
What percentage of urine is water?
D. 93% to 97%
103
In which segment of the nephron is about 60% to 70% of the water from the tubular fluid reabsorbed?
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
104
The smooth muscle of the bladder wall is which of the following?
C. Detrusor muscle
105
The renal artery, renal vein, lymphatics, and renal nerves enter and leave the kidney at the ____
Hilum
106
Together, the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus are known as the ____
Renal corpuscle
107
True False? If all of the nephrons in a kidney were laid end to end, they will extend about 90 miles
True
108
True or False? Urine is a sterile fluid
True (inside the body)
109
True or False? The filtration membrane of the nephron allows large structures such as proteins to pass through
False (not proteins)
110
True or False? The band of circular skeletal muscle that surround the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor is the external urethral sphincter
True
111
True or False? One effect of massage is the potential decrease of urine production
False (increase)
