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Final Flashcards

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1
Q

how to interpret the pet food label when it comes to feeding your own pet
what are the three topics

A

basics of reading a label/ choosing a pet food
body condition score (BCS)
monitoring the pets response to a diet

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2
Q

what are the guidelines for feeding pet

A

Indvidual biologizes, activities, needs, tolerances and circumstances will determine best dietary practice

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3
Q

what are the organizations that establish nutrition

A

AAFCO: Association of American Feed Control Officials
NRC: National Research Council

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4
Q

what are the organization that regulate pet food

A

FDA: Food and Drug Administration
ingredients, function, labeling, health claims
USDA: United States Department of Agriculture
ID and labeling of ingredients used for pet food, ensure that pet food ingredients do not end up as human food
FTC: Federal Track Commission
Advertising

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5
Q

what is often pet food

A

by products

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6
Q

what do states have power over

A

each state has its own regulations

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7
Q

what are the 2 components of the pet food package

A

1) The principal display panel (PDP)
2) Info Panel

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8
Q

what is the principal display panel (PDP)

A

FDA defines “part of label that is most likely to be displayed presented, shown or examined under customary configured of display for retail sale”

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9
Q

what does the AAFCO require for principal display panel (PDP)

A

product name
intended species
net quality within the package

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10
Q

what are the 5 req elements for the info panel

A

1) guaranteed analysis
2) feeding guidelines
3) manufacture
4) ingredient list
5) nutritional adequacy statement

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11
Q

what is the ingredient list on the info panel

A

listed in decreased order of weight before any processing (cooking/drying) in their raw form. ingredients with water content will be heavier.
terms used to describe the product must be commonly accepted as feed industry standards
no descriptors of quality (such as premium) can be used within ingredient list

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12
Q

what doesnt the ingredient list tell a customer

A

what the food is (what part of chicken)
how much is in the food (minimum of …)
where it is from (overseas, where in US)

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13
Q

what does it mean when the ingredient list says “meat, meat meal, meat by product”

A

meat is going to be muscle: skeletal, tongue, diaphram, heart
meat by product: lung, spleen, kidney, brain, blood bone, intestine
meat meal: dry rendered product from animal tissue

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14
Q

can you tell how much of an ingredient is in the food based on ingredient label

A

ingredients are listed by weight by the raw uncooked form so it included moisture content
manufactures are allowed to perform ingredient splitting

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15
Q

what is ingredient splitting

A

basically where its the one ingredient but in different form
ex: wheat flour, ground wheat, wheat bran

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16
Q

what is variable formula vs fixed formula diets

A

variable formula is from batch to batch, each batch could be different
fixed formula will not have variation

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17
Q

true/ false
ingredient list doesnt provide any information about nutritional quality of the ingredients

A

true
no digestibility data
no amino acid content
no bioavailability data

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18
Q

what are the 4 types of nutritional adequacy statement per the AAFCO

A

complete and balanced for all life stages
limited claims (kitten, puppy, large breed)
intermediate or supplementary
therapeutic (vet prescription)

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19
Q

what are the 2 methods for a AAFCO statement

A

use published nutrient profiles (formulated to meet)
feed it to a sample population of animals (animal feeding tests)

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20
Q

what doesnt the AAFCO statement doesnt take into account

A

individual animals: sex state (intact or fixed)
exposure to heat/cold
activity level

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21
Q

true/ false
after fixing start feeding pet adult food

A

true

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22
Q

what is the bottom line about pet labels

A

a person cannot determine the nutritional quality of a food for a specific pet from label alone
the label doesnt tell you: what it is, specific anatomical source, and how much is in the food (min and max)

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23
Q

what is body condition scoring

A

it assess the weight of the animal and how healthy that weight is for the animal

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24
Q

true/ false
in young animal assess monthly the body condition score

A

false
in young animals we assess weekly the BCS

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25
how do we do a BCS
measure side to side and from top of dog/cat
26
what are the numbers of BCS
(1-9) 1-4 too thin 5 ideal 5-9 too heavy
27
how do we monitor the outcome of the diet
does pet eat the food BCS weight feces/ gas coat quality
28
how do we monitor response to diet in puppy and kitten while they are growing
monitor response to diet keep weekly log of BCS weigh puppy weekly adjust food intake accordingly
29
what do we need to consider for BCS
species, life stage (age), breed, intact vs fixed, history of activity level, physical evaluation
30
what is a large breed dog
adult over 50 pounds
31
what are the key points in feeding a large breed puppy
do not over feed, especially 3-8 month age for giant may extend to 12-18 months ideal BCS 4/9 through growth phase (breed and Indvidual variation) monitor weekly large breed puppies need adequate but not excessive dietary calcium- can influence skeletal development
32
what is associated with large breed dogs for improper feeding
several developmental skeletal disorders: hip and elbow dysplasia pan osteitis osteochondrosis osteochondritis dissecans
33
what percent of large breed dogs less than a year are affected by developmental skeletal disorders more than what percent of these cases are influenced by nutritional factors
22% less than a year are affected 90% of these cases are influenced by nutritional factors
34
how to feed large breed dog
assess weekly BCS use a diet that has: passed AAFCO feeding tests made by reputable company marketed for large breed growth (not adult), until about 8 months of afe feed to lean body condition
35
for cat nutrition we need to monitor what
weight BCS palatability stool quality/ quantity coat quality
36
when are cats fully weaned
8-10 weeks
37
what diet do cats need
cats are obligate carnivores canned vs dry food- need certain water consumption, recommended to mix food cats need essential amino acids
38
what are the essential amino acids that cats need in diet
taurine, arginine, and L-carnitine this typically comes from meat
39
what are some things about cats and drinking water
some cats are picky when it comes to water in general: cats are not big water drinkers cats like room temp water water away from food prefer so little when drinking cats are attracted to running water
40
what plant are toxic to cats
lilies are toxic to cats cause fatal kidney failure in cats all parts are toxic to cats
41
what are wellness exams for feline and canine preventative care
prevention of disease, early detection of disease, communication with vet, monitoring weight, checking teeth
42
when brining puppy to vet what is expected
initial wellness exam introduction (habituation, not sensitization) weight thorough physical exam +/- stool sampler +/- vaccination +/- flea/ tick/ other parasite control discuss puppy manners, training, behavioral concerns and to access resources for socialization and training
43
for brining adult to vet what is expected
same thing - puppy manners were going to check for new lumps, new symptoms, concerns in general as age progresses
44
what is a vaccine
provides protection against infectious disease
45
what are the two categories of vaccines
core non- core
46
why are core vaccines categorizes as core
going to vaccinate against disease with high infection rate, morbidity, and mortaliity
47
what are the two core vaccines and when do we give them
feline and canine distemper- 8, 12 and 16 weeks feline and canine rabies- one shot at 16, booster in year we give a series of 3-4 distemper vax as puppy due to maternal antibodies
48
why are non core vaccines categorizes as non core
selective, used only when pet has a relativley high risk for the disease not recommended for every dog and cat start as discretion of vet and owner based on exposure start at 12 weeks, boost 3-4 weeks and then done annually for lyme and lepto
49
what is the distemper canine vaccine DAPP
DAPP D- canine distemper virus (CDV) A- canine adenovirus (CAV, type 1 and 2) type 1 causes infectious canine hepatitis type 2 is pathogens that cause canine infectious tracheobronchitis P- canine parvovirus (CPV) + or - other P- Parainfluenza virus
50
what are the non core vaccine for dogs
leptospirosis Bordetella bronchiseptica borrelia burgdorferi- lyme
51
what is the distemper feline vaccine FVRCP
FVRCP FVR- feline viral rhinotracheitis (feline herpes): FHV-1 C- calicivirus (FCV) P- Panleukopenia (feline parvo): FPV
52
what are cat non-core vaccines
feline leukemia (FeLV) born with it, mating, saliva transfer feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) corona virus- generally not recommended, not effective
53
what are vaccine associated sarcomas in cats
tumor caused by localized reaction of injection recommended locations- low on leg
54
what are the 4 types of vaccine reactions
1) anaphylactic- within minutes; collapse breathing problems, low heart rate 2) hives- facial swelling, itchy, bumps; usually within hours 3) vomiting 4) soreness
55
what are ectoparasite and endoparasite
ectoparasite- outer endoparasite- inner
56
what are we deworming for
roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, tapeworms protozoal infection may also be present (giardia and coccidia most common)
57
what are some common dewormers
pyrantel (strongid) fenbendazole dewormer (panacur)- once a day for 3-5 days metronidazole for certain protozoal infections ivermectin's: ivermectin, selamectin
58
how is heartworm contracted
passed by mosquitoes from 1 dog (infected with heartworm larva) to another dog
59
how do we test for heartworm when are puppies typically tested how do we do prevention
annual blood test (4DX) puppies typically not checked prior to 7 months of age prevention (monthly pill) kills the larva
60
explain fleas and ticks
fleas can cause dermatitis/ allergies and anemia ticks- lyme, ehrlichia, anaplama
61
how long do ticks have to be attached in order to get tick diseases
deer tick- must attach 12-24 hours for anaplasmosis. must attach 24-36 hours for lyme disease
62
why do we neuter/ spay
prevent unwanted litters prevent diseases associated with repro tract: mammary cancer, testicular cancer, ovarian/ uterine cancer anal gland carcinoma pyometra anal sac fistulas prevent sex inappropriate behavior
63
when do steralize pet
6-9 months depend on breed and size
64
what are recommended for dogs pending research for sterilizing
1) shelter policies- sterilize prior to adopting 2) large/ giant breed dog and possible association with ACL injury: consider waiting till physical maturation 3) incidence of inherited mammary cancer and spay before first heat cycle- 6 months 4) incidence of inherited hemangiosarcoma or osteosarcoma: delay sterilization surgery until physical mature or beyond- 12-18 months 5) cats spay/neuter by 6 months
65
what were ferrets bred for
rabbit fishing and rodent control
66
true/ false most of the time they don't come desecented or fixed
false usually come descented and fixed
67
are ferrets nocturnal?
yes
68
what type off can ferrets eat? meat, fruit, vegtables, grain
only meat obligate carnivores
69
what is the lifespan of a ferret
8-11 years
70
are ferrets social and smart
very social and very smart, can learn new tricks
71
are ferrets flexiable
yes and it can cause them to get stuck in places
72
what are ferrets intact females called and what are spayed females called? how much do they weigh
Intact- Jills spayed- Sprites 2-3 pounds
73
what are intact ferret males called and what are neutered males called? how much do they weigh?
Intact- Hobs Neutered- Gib 3-5 pounds
74
what are their non domesticated relatives include for ferrets
black footed ferrets, skunks, weasels, and minks
75
where is it illegal to have ferrets
California and Hawaii
76
how should a weasel be housed?
cages with litter boxes, sleeping hammocks and good latches- will escape. should not cage too long- very active. can run free and be litter box trained. put a bell on collar and put bitter spray on cords so they dont chew. bedding can be recycled newspaper. social- can share cages. can crawl into small spaces and get trapped
77
for feeding what can be fed to ferrets and what else should they get
commerical ferret food ferret vitamin supplements (linatone) laxatone nutrical treats- liver flavored feline treats cannot eat fruits or vegetables or grains ONLY FEED MEAT
78
what disease can ferrets get? 6 of them
camprylobacteriosis- transmitted via feces giardiasis- transmitted feces and water sources influenza- H1N1, respiratory rabies- bite wound, saliva ringworm- fungal infection of skin salmonellosis- transmitted via feces
79
what type of vaccines should ferrets have
distemper and rabies
80
what are rats used for and what are some negatives of rats
very adaptable used as pets and lab animals damage to crops, carry disease, get into garbage
81
what is lifespan of rats
3-5 years
82
what are rats good at
climbing and swimming very adaptable
83
are rats clean
yes very clean and odor free, they groom themselves
84
are rats gregarious
yes, do best with other rats
85
what can rats be fed?
commercial rat chow or pellets. crackers, cereal, bread, banana, strawberries, vitamin and mineral treats.
86
What are guinea pigs commonly called
cavy
87
what is scientific name for guinea pigs
cavia porcellus
88
what is male guinea pig called
boar
89
what is female guinea pig called
sow
90
what are guinea pigs used for, what were they used for
used for pets and research. originally used for meat
91
where did guinea pigs originate from
south america- still in wild
92
what is life expentancy for guinea pig
live 4-5 years and up to 8-10 years
93
what is typical weight for guinea pig and what senses are well developed
1-4 pounds, very good hearing and good sense of smell
94
true/ false guinea pigs are born with eyes open, fully haired, and mobile
true
95
are guinea pigs crepuscular are guinea pigs rodents? do they burrow
yes they are crepuscular- active in morning and evening yes they are rodents no they do not burrow
96
what do you feed guinea pig
strictly herbivores eat hay and pellets need source of vitamin C timothy hay-lots chew blocks water bottle due to how messy
97
how to hold guinea pig
cradle in palm and hold close, be close to ground in case they jump usually friendly and easy to handle but may be timid
98
true/ false dont have to trim guinea pigs nails
false guinea pig nails need to be trimmed regularly
99
what is the guinea pig "AKC" and how many breeds are there
American Cavy Breed Association 13 breeds recognized
100
what are guinea pig health problems cystitis/ bladder stones malocclusion
cystitis/ bladder stones- too much alfalfa or may not have enough water malocclusion- teeth dont line up right teeth grow throughout life- get too long and mouth wont close properly. need to trim. can prevent them from eating.
101
how many teeth do guinea pigs have
20 teeth
102
what is the most common hamster
golden hamster
103
what is life span of hamster
1-3 years
104
how do their teeth work
born with 16 teeth that they have for the rest of their life. cheeck pouches that extent back to their shoulder for storing food.
105
are hamsters nocturnal how to cage them? do they burrow? what should bedding be soiltary or in group
hamsters are nocturnal can chew through cage hang water bottle outside of cage solitary bedding- paper or wood chips (dont use cedar or pine)
106
what to feed hamster
hamster pellets supplements granivorous (omnivores) eat seeds and grain they hoard food
107
are hamsters coprophagous
yes they eat there own feces
108
what is the rank of rabbits in the shelter
rabbits are 3rd most common animal found in US shelter due to unwillingness of o to care for rabbit
109
what is life span of rabbit what are females called what are males called what is it called when they give birth what are baby rabbits called
7-10 years female- doe male- buck giving birth= kindling baby rabbits are called kittens
110
what are purpose of rabbits what is the mound of fur and fat beneath mature female rabbit called when are rabbits most active are rabbits rodents
purpose is lab, production, and pets dewlap is fat/ fur of mature female under chin rabbits are crepuscular- active at dawn and dusk rabbits are not rodents they are lagomorph
111
what are lagomorphs teeth like
they have 4 upper incisors (2 pairs, "pegteeth" behind front incisor" strictly herbivores eat grass and hay and other plant material teeth are constantly growing
112
what is diet of rabbit
timothy or grass hay (unlimited)- avoid alfalfa limit fruit and veggies (no more than 20%) no starch limit quantity of pellets
113
what is the rabbit "AKC"
American rabbit breed association 50 breed recognized
114
what are the top 5 things to know about rabbits
1) rabbits are multipurpose animals and care recommendations are different depending on their intended use 2) rabbits are lagomorphs which means they are grazers and need constant supply of fiber 3) prey animals, sensitive to stress 4) get along with other animals and can live in multi species household 5) social and playful with personalities

Companion Animal (4 decks)

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