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kin 2501 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

[ ] wanted change to improve the lives of the growing urban population – often immigrant newcomers to America.

A

Progressive reformers

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2
Q

Campaigned against the manufacture and consumption of alcohol (prohibition); organized workers in labor unions
Often employed sport in a variety of programs to educate and assimilate immigrants and address the perceived social ills.

A

WASPS

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3
Q

Progressive reformers devised a 3-tier procedure designed to assimilate the working class – and sports factored into this process.
{humanitarian concerns – child labor laws (met with resistance from parents)}

A

1st step

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4
Q

Progressive reformers devised a 3-tier procedure designed to assimilate the working class – and sports factored into this process.
{passes mandatory education laws because unemployed children roamed the streets (joining gangs, crime)}

A

2nd step

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5
Q

Progressive reformers devised a 3-tier procedure designed to assimilate the working class – and sports factored into this process. {physical education in the schools; supervised games and sport taught deference to authority.}

A

3rd step

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6
Q

AN IMAGE, REPRESENTATION, OR SYMBOL. A REPRESENTATION OF SOMETHING SACRED, OR HELD IN HIGH REGARD

A

icon

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7
Q

Sports become an everyday part of American culture
Sports media and fan
Automobile, radio, TV bring sport to America
Increased sports participation (youth, interscholastic, college, adult rec)
Athletes become American icons

A

the golden age of sport

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8
Q

National Pastime is also called

A

baseball

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9
Q

how does babe ruth change the game

A

Strategy, Excitement, fan base

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10
Q

[ ] is America’s first and largest “media darling”, becomes the face of his sport, and a symbol of America

A

Babe Ruth

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11
Q

MLB match fixing incident in which eight members of the Chicago White Sox were accused of intentionally losing the Series

A

1919 World Series

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12
Q

who was white sox owner

A

Charles Comiskey

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13
Q

1920, [ ] helps organize National Association of Colored Baseball Clubs

A

Andrew “Rube” Foster

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14
Q

negro teams

A

Pittsburgh Crawfords
Homestead Grays
Birmingham Barons
Indianapolis Clowns

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15
Q

negro players

A

Josh Gibson
Cool Papa Bell
Satchell Paige

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16
Q

Few opportunities
Basketball, softball, tennis, dance
Beliefs about “negative health implications” of vigorous PA for women
Female PE leaders discourage interscholastic and competitive sports for girls

A

characteristics of female sports in the early 1900s

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17
Q

Intramural and minimal intercollegiate competition at all-girl colleges
Women swim in Olympics (1912)
1920s growth in amateur sports results in increased programs for girls and women (non-scholastic)
Girls’ high school basketball grows significantly (post-season tournaments)

A

all show the baby steps in female sports growth

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18
Q

The most significant female athlete of the first half of the 20th century

A

babe didrikson

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19
Q

Great at every sport (basketball, softball, tennis, Tr&Fd)

A

Babe Didrikson

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20
Q

As a secretary at the “Employers’ Casualty Company,” leads their teams to several championships

A

Babe Didrikson

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21
Q

Enters 1932 AAU Track & Field Championships as only member of the Employers’ Casualty Company team. Breaks 4 world records and wins team championship.

A

Babe Didrikson

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22
Q

Wins 2 gold and 1 silver medal at 1932 Olympics.
Makes decision to be a professional athlete.

A

Babe Didrikson

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23
Q

1932-1934
Travels promoting herself
Pitches against MLB teams at spring training
Plays for co-ed basketball team
Plays in exhibitions with men’s baseball team

A

Babe Didrickson

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24
Q

1933: Takes golf lessons (a ladylike game)
Wins Amateur golf tournaments; banned from playing because she is a professional
Qualifies for men’s PGA event
Amateur status restored; wins 17 consecutive women’s golf tournaments
1947: Helps found the LPGA; leading money winner and crowd draw

A

Babe Didrickson

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25
Q

Spread by the YMCA (so learned by kids)
Becomes associated with scholastic sport

A

basketball

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26
Q

By 1905, 80 colleges field teams
1904 – demonstration sport in Olympics
By WWI, [ ] is most popular HS sport and 2nd to FB at college level

A

basketball

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27
Q

1930:[ ] coaches 1st basketball game at Kentucky

A

Adolph Rupp

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28
Q

Coaches UK for 44 years, winning 874 games, 4 natl titles

A

Adolph Rupp

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29
Q

Black Chicago-based team formed by Abe Saperstein
Renames team “New York” to get games
Later renames team “Harlem Globetrotters” to let people know they are a black team (to draw a crowd)

A

The Savoy Big 5 (1928)

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30
Q

Play two exhibition games against George Mikan’s Minneapolis Lakers (NBA Champs)

A

The Savoy Big 5/ Harlem Globe Trotters

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31
Q

Ties world record as HS senior
Ohio State

1936 Olympics (Berlin, Germany)
The Nazi Olympics
100
200
Long jump
4 x 100 relay

A

Jesse owens

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32
Q

Heavyweight Champ
Hero to black youth
Quiet, polite, humble

1936 & 1938: Fights German Max Schmelling

A

Joe Louis
(The Brown Bomber)

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33
Q

Joe Louis is also called

A

The Brown Bomber

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34
Q

[ ] was affected by the Depression more than any other sport

A

Boxing

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35
Q

Many detractors
Born in South and migrated northward
Had to chase his fights all over the world
Took a not-so-secret delight in piquing white America with his white wives

A

Jack Johnson

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36
Q

No more than a handful of detractors
Born in Alabama and eventually settled in Detroit
Could try to get fights here at home in US
Heeded his counsel to avoid even being photographed alone with a white woman

A

Joe Louis

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37
Q

Surname was “Barrow” – born in 1914 in Alabama

A

Joe Louis/ The Brown Bomber

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38
Q

Family moved to Detroit after remarried
Incident with KKK in Alabama
Racial conflict

A

Joe Louis

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39
Q

Education:
Never cultivated an interest
Went to Bronson Trade School
In 1931, at age 17, was out of school and working in an automotive factory making $1/day
Began taking violin lessons

A

Joe Louis/ The brown bomber

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40
Q

Already flooded with hundreds of blacks before him
Radio broadcasts were in their infancy and sport sheets catered to fans everywhere
Louis said: “Dempsey was the one hero that I had when I was a kid”…didn’t realize he idolized a boxer who refused to fight blacks after winning the title

A

Joe Louis/ The brown bomber

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41
Q

Early Boxing Career:
Persuaded to give it a try – signed up at Brewster East Side gym
Dropped the name “Barrow”
After amateur career of 54 wins and 4 losses, he turned pro in 1934

A

Joe Louis/ The Brown Bomber

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42
Q

[ ] wanted a black manager – Detroit businessman, John Roxborough (king of the illegal numbers rackets in the city’s black neighborhoods)

A

Joe Louis

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43
Q

Louis wanted a black manager – Detroit businessman,

A

John Roxborough

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44
Q

[ ] became Joe Louis trainer (forged a bond with Blackburn that became one of the strongest, warmest and most trusting in all of sports history)

A

Jack Blackburn

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45
Q

Told he needed to KO opponents rather than risk the judges decisions
Received lessons on personal hygiene and proper table manners
Was provided English lessons to improve diction

A

Joe Louis

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46
Q

Professional victories:
[ ] (German) - 1936
Lost in a controversial fight in the 12th round
Germany was jubilant over the victory
Earlier in year, Jesse Owens had won 4 gold medals

A

Max Schmelling

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47
Q

Symbolic Meaning – Black National Hero
2nd Fight: 70,000 fans Grossed $1,015,012
Won

A

Joe Louis

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48
Q

Donated money to armed forces (never understood this was still considered income)

A

Joe Louis

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49
Q

what was significant about 1920 – Antwerp olympics

A

Olympic flag flown for the first time

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50
Q

where was olympics held in 1920

A

Antwerp

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51
Q

what was significant about 1924 Paris Olympics

A

expulsion of tennis

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52
Q

where was 1924 olympics

A

Paris

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53
Q

where was 1928 olympics

A

amsterdam

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54
Q

what was significant about 1928 olympics in amsterdam

A

track and field events for women

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55
Q

where was 1932 olympics held

A

los angeles

56
Q

what is significant about 1932 olympics in los angeles

A

photo-finish cameras and automatic timing devices

57
Q

In junior high, he began organized sport, mainly basketball and track.
In 1930, he was in high school and accomplishing many feats on the track but not a single black college made an attempt to recruit him, so he wound up at Ohio State in the fall, 1933
On-campus housing was barred for Blacks
Only one movie theater was accessible – upstairs
No university restaurants would serve them

A

Jesse Owens

58
Q

In May, 1935 at the National Intercollegiate Meet in Michigan, he broke three world records and tied another.
**the most superlative feat ever accomplished in the history of the sport

A

Jesse Owens

59
Q

Hitler did not shake jesse owens hand and Jewish runners not allowed to run in the US relay
but Owens won four gold medals in 1936 Olympic Games

A

Hilter’s snub

60
Q

flame burned in Los Angeles (site of 1932) during the time when the 1940 Olympiad was to have taken place

A

symbolic gesture during what would have been 1940 and 1944 games

61
Q

Both years the Games were canceled because of WWII.

A

1940 and 1944

62
Q

British agreed to host the Games even though much of the city was devastated by the German blitzkrieg.
German and Japanese athletes were excluded from the games because of their actions in WWII.

A

1948- London olympics

63
Q

decathlon in the 1948 games

A

Bob Mathias

64
Q

high jump in the 1948 games

A

Alice Coachman

65
Q

The 1st African American woman to capture Olympic gold medal in 1948 in London

A

alice coachman

66
Q

Growing up in Georgia (segregated South) – did not allow her many opportunities to participate in organized sport or even at YMCA’s; was also discouraged because of her gender
She created her own training routine on dirt and in fields and practiced her jumping barefoot at a neighborhood playground

A

Alice Coachman

67
Q

In 1939, she was invited to attend Tuskegee Institute – a big step academically and athletically
She broke the AAU high school and college high jump records – barefoot; she also played on the basketball team
Went to Albany State College; earned a degree in dress making in 1946 at Tuskegee and a B.A. in home economics from Albany in 1949

A

Alice Coachman

68
Q

She was a dominant high jumper and sprinter for a decade
Qualified for the 1948 Olympic Games in London (would have probably qualified for 1940 and 1944 Games but they were cancelled because of WWII)
Coachman jumped 5’6 1/8” to win the GOLD!
Story about the event: rival from Great Britain
Retired from competition after Olympics at 25

A

Alice Coachman

69
Q

Coachman’s teammate ( ) was the first African American woman to win a medal at the Olympic Games – the bronze

A

Audrey Patterson

70
Q

In 1952, she became the first African American female athletic champion to sign a product endorsement for a multinational corporation, Coca Cola

A

Alice Coachman

71
Q

She began teaching and coaching and set up the Coachman Track & Field Foundation (nonprofit that provides assistance to young athletes and helps former Olympic athletes adjust to life after the Games)
At the 1996 in Atlanta, she was honored as one of the 100 greatest Olympic athletes in history

A

Alice Coachman

72
Q

Strongly believed in the maintenance of strict amateur rules
Held idealistic view about separation of sports and politics
1968 Olympics (Mexico City)
1972 Olympics (Munich)
Arab terrorists killed Israeli athletes

A

Avery Brundage

73
Q

1st African American woman to win 3 gold medals

A

Wilma Rudolph

74
Q

where was 1960 olympics held

A

Rome

75
Q

Diagnosed with polio at a very young age – was no cure and the doctors said she would never walk; eventually wore a leg brace
At 7, she attended a segregated school and age 12, she was able to walk normally without a brace or corrective shoes
Played basketball in high school – was noticed by Tennessee State track coach (Ed Temple)

A

Wilma Rudolph

76
Q

who was Wilma Rudolphs’ track coach

A

Ed Temple

77
Q

In 1956, at age 16 – earned a spot on the U.S. Olympic team in Melbourne (won bronze in relay)
In 1960 at Olympics in Rome, she became the first American woman to win 3 gold medals (because of her success, gender barriers began to fall)
Upon return from Olympics – victory parade
In 1962, retired from track – later taught, married and had four children; became a sports commentator on national television and co-hosted a network radio show

A

Wilma Rudolph

78
Q

won gold in heavyweight division in 1960 olympics games in rome

A

Muhammad Ali (

79
Q

(won silver medal in decathlon in Melbourne) had the honor of carrying the American flag during the opening ceremonies in Rome

A

Rafer Johnson

80
Q

Set a new Olympic record in the decathlon (won gold in Rome)
Was with presidential candidate, Robert Kennedy when he was assassinated in Los Angeles – grabbed the pistol
1984 Olympics was accorded the honor of lighting the torch above the Coliseum

A

Rafer Johnson

81
Q

The Olympic Project for Human Rights (OPHR) was formed by sociologist [ ]

A

Harry Edwards

82
Q

This group fully endorsed a boycott of the 1968 Olympics
The reaction to this proposed boycott was loud and diverse:
Black athletes were by no means totally supportive

A

Olympic Project for Human Rights (OPHR)

83
Q

In 1968 - Mexico City
This Olympiad is remembered principally for two events:
[ ]’s new world record in the long jump
Victory stand demonstration by Tommie Smith and John Carlos

A

Bob Beamon

84
Q

In 1968 - Mexico City
This Olympiad is remembered principally for two events:
Bob Beamon’s new world record in the long jump
Victory stand demonstration by [ ]

A

Tommie Smith and John Carlos

85
Q

During the playing of the national anthem, Smith raised his right black-gloved fist and straight above his head, and Carlos raised his left black-gloved fist as well (unity and power). Smith wore a knotted black scarf around his neck ( black pride), string of black beads around neck (those that had been lynched) and both wore long black socks and no shoes (black poverty in the U.S.). Both stood with heads bowed, eyes closed, not saying a word.

A

Tommie Smith and John Carlos

86
Q

Tommie Smith/John Carlos

A

2008 Arthur Ashe Courage Award

87
Q

[ ] performed the most superlative accomplishment in the history of recorded sports
Broke the world record for the long jump by more than two feet – he jumped 29’ 2-1/2 “
Story of completing and measuring the jump

A

Bob beamon

88
Q

Student activism had declined while political terrorism has increased.
This Olympics is remembered for the massacre of eleven Israeli Olympians by their Palestinian kidnappers and a record seven gold medals in swimming won by Mark Spitz; Olga Korbut – Russian gymnast – became a fan favorite
Avery Brundage resigned during these Olympic Games

A

1972 Olympics- Munich

89
Q

swimming in Munich 1972

A

Mark Spitz

90
Q

Russian gymnast in 1972 olympics in Munich

A

Olga Korbut

91
Q

resigned during these 1972 Olympic Games in Munich

A

Avery Brundage

92
Q

This Olympics coincided with the 40th anniversary of the 1936 Games at Berlin. Organizers spent over $1 billion – first-class facilities and over $100 million on security.
The stars of this Olympiad was Edwin Moses (400-meter hurdles); Bruce Jenner won the decathlon; Nadia Comaneci – Romanian gymnast (see PP); Sugar Ray Leonard – boxing; Americans returned to dominance in men’s basketball (in Munich they lost the gold to the Russians).

A

1976 Montreal olympics

93
Q

Was forced to withdraw from the Moscow Olympics by President Jimmy Carter because of the Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 – athletes were political pawns.
Japan, West Germany and Canada also withdrew as a measure of protest.

A

1980 olympics in moscow

94
Q

1st Corporate Olympiad in history – “Spartan Olympics”
- Very Successful Monetarily (showed profit for 1st time)
Permanent sponsorships
Television revenues-$300 million
Team sponsorship

A

1984 los angeles games

95
Q

The Soviet Union and its allies boycotted in retaliation (8 weeks before Games)
Among other reasons – one was because the U.S. had in the past assisted in defections

A

1984- Los Angeles olympics

96
Q

[ ] was unquestionably the star of this Olympiad in 1984 los Angeles
Received more pre-Olympic publicity than any other athlete had ever experienced before, and he lived up to expectations
First Olympic performer since Jesse Owens in 1936, to win four track and field gold medals in one Olympiad

A

Carl Lewis

97
Q

Security Concerns: North Korea threatened to launch a campaign of terrorism
Controversy with NBC, South Korean boxer and fans
Tennis was back and table tennis was introduced
Amateurism was no longer an issue – endorsement money

A

1988 Seoul Olympics

98
Q

This Olympiad was marked by a major scandal in the men’s 100-meters: Ben Johnson, a Jamaican (lived in Canada since 14) was disqualified from the gold medal after failing a drug test (steroids) and the gold medal went to Carl Lewis
Several stirring performances: by a females Flo-Jo and her sister-in-law Jackie Joyner-Kersee - track, Greg Louganis – diving, men’s volleyball won gold

A

1988 Seoul Olympics

99
Q

This decade witnesses monumental events in the world and the Olympics
Fall of the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union collapsed and the Iron Curtain fell
So, politics significantly declined as a result of the end of the Cold War (the Olympic flame was again became a symbol of peace and international goodwill) but new problems arose within the Olympic community
Use of drugs by Olympic athletes
Ben Johnson – Canadian sprinter
Commercialization of the Olympics

A

decade of the 1990s

100
Q

Canadian sprinter who got caught using drugs in 1990s

A

Ben Johnson

101
Q

[ ] did have a social theme – it was declared “smoke-free” ( a 1st time in history of modern Olympics)

A

Barcelona Olympiad

102
Q

Inspiring moment in the women’s 10,000m when a South African and Ethiopian ran together for most of the race and kept running together once they finished

A

1992- Barcelona olympics

103
Q

[ ] carried the Olympic flame up a flight of stairs and ignited the torch in 1996 Atlanta

A

Muhammad Ali

104
Q

what is the big thing that started in 1996 Atlanta

A

commercialization

105
Q

These [ ] Games were marred by a bomb attack in Centennial Olympic Park

A

1996 Atlanta

106
Q

competed in gymnastics in 1996 Atlanta

A

Kerri Strug

107
Q

Romanian retired gymnast
1st gymnast - perfect 10 in 1976 (total 7 perfect 10’s)
Married to Bart Conner

A

Nadia Comaneci

108
Q

Soviet gymnast was Nadia Comaneci’s main rival ( ); took the spotlight from Olga Korbut (the darling of the 1972 Munich Games)

A

Nellie Kim

109
Q

Youngest Olympic gymnastics all-around champion (14 yrs. old)

A

Nadia Comaneci

110
Q

Uneven parallel bars – 4 of the 7
23 second performance – burst of energy
Balance beam – 3 of the 7
On this piece of apparatus – seems more representative of her unbelievable skill

A

Nadia comaneci

111
Q

The 12-year-old, 89-pound Cassius Clay vowed “I’m gonna whup whoever stole my bike!” A policeman, Joe Martin, told young Cassius Clay that he better learn how to fight before he challenged anyone.

A

Muhammad Ali’s story

112
Q

When [ ] refused to enter the Vietnam War draft he was stripped of his championship titles, passport, and boxing licenses. He lost an initial court battle and was facing a 5-year prison term.

A

Muhammad Ali

113
Q

In 1984, Muhammad Ali publicly announced that he had [ ], a degenerative neurological condition.

A

Parkinson’s disease

114
Q

Destination City
Highlights of the Games:
Olympic Spirit – North and South Korea
Australian Olympic team
But Not Without Problems:
Terrorist Threats
Tape-Delayed Olympics – NBC
Technology

A

2000- Sydney, Australia

115
Q

Concerns over safety
War in the Middle East
Political and ethical dilemmas
Social, humanitarian and civic issues
Security concerns

A

2004- Athens, Greece

116
Q

Second time games held in Communist country
Human rights and social justice concerns
Media
Protests
Cost of the Olympics
Venues
New Sports – BMX biking; marathon swimming
NBC coverage

A

2008- Beijing, Chine

117
Q

Third time London had hosted (1912, 1948)
Opening and Closing ceremonies
Most watched sport – swimming
Scandal in badminton

A

2012 – London, England

118
Q

Postponed because of COVID pandemic
Dates: July 23, 2021 to August 8, 2021
Also includes to Paralympic Games

A

2020- Tokyo, Japan

119
Q

when did title IX become a piece of legislature

A

June 23rd, 1972

120
Q

NCAA argues that athletics be excluded from the law (they lose the argument)

A

1972 Title IX Timeline

121
Q

:OCR published legal clarifications after receiving 10,000 comments, questions and complaints

A

1975 title IX timeline

122
Q

Colleges required to be in full compliance (they are not)

A

1978 title IX timeline

123
Q

OCR established three legal tests to assess compliance – did not eliminate resistance to Title IX, but it gave women a legal basis for filing lawsuits

A

1979 title IX timeline

124
Q

opponents to Title IX lobbied President Reagan to overturn the law

A

1984 title IX timeline

125
Q

sport opportunities for male and female students at the institution are “substantially proportionate” to their respective full-time undergraduate enrollments;

A

proportionality test

126
Q

the institution is “fully and effectively” accommodating the interests and abilities of the underrepresented sex

A

accommodation of interest test

127
Q

the institution has a “history and continuing practice of program expansion” for the underrepresented sex

A

history of progress test

128
Q

ruled that Title IX applied only to programs that directly received money from the federal government; 1984

A

Grove City College vs. Bell

129
Q

Title IX was not enforced between

A

1984-1987

130
Q

Congress passed the [ ] declared that sports programs were a part of the overall educational program at schools

A

Civil Rights Restoration Act

131
Q

plaintiffs awarded punitive damages for failure of schools to comply; 1992

A

Franklin vs Gwinnet County Public Schools

132
Q

schools must provide athletic positions that match the male/female proportion of the student body; 1997

A

Cohen vs Brown University

133
Q

Coach has right to sue school after being fired for reporting Title IX violations ; 2005

A

protects “whistle-blowers” who identify inequities

134
Q

a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that retaliation against a person because that person has complained of sex discrimination is a form of intentional sex discrimination encompassed by Title IX

A

Jackson vs. Birmingham BOE

135
Q

In 1994, female students at Louisiana State University sued their school for refusing to offer them athletic participation opportunities equal to those it offers its male students. Specifically, the women wanted LSU to field fast pitch softball and soccer teams.The court held that LSU discriminated against its female students in violation of Title IX, and the University added the two women’s teams.

A

Pedersen vs. LSU

136
Q

Peter Press Maravich was known as the

A

Pistol Pete

137
Q

During his ten-year career in the NBA, Maravich played in 658 games, averaging 24.2 points and 5.4 assists per contest. In 1987, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, and his No. 7 jersey has been retired by both the Jazz and the New Orleans Pelicans, as well as his No. 44 jersey by the Atlanta Hawks.

A

Pete Maravich

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