test 2 Flashcards
(197 cards)
1
Q
Discovery of New World- Native americans playing sports
A
1500’s
2
Q
Settling the New World
A
1600’s
3
Q
Colonies fight for independence/expansion
A
1700’s
4
Q
Era of Good Feeling
A
1800’s
5
Q
Colonial period
A
New England Colonies
6
Q
Sports, Physical Education and Dance- Associated with religious ceremonies, festive celebrations and social relaxation
A
- Prominent in the life of Native Americans
7
Q
Most popular sport was
A
baggataway (lax)
8
Q
serves as a source of motivation and pride, preparation for war, pursuit of game animals and delivery of messages
A
footraces
9
Q
Kicking a ball for 25 miles
A
footraces
10
Q
women played this- similar to field hockey
A
Shinny
11
Q
pulling a stick over frozen lakes
A
Snow Snake
12
Q
Came in search of new life, adventure and religious freedom
A
Massachusetts (Pilgrims)
13
Q
Puritan Work Ethic
A
all work no play, sunday was idle day
14
Q
who followed a puritan work ethic
A
- Massachusetts (Pilgrims)
15
Q
Prohibited sporting activities such as sledding, football, dancing, swimming, ninepins, shuffleboard
A
Massachusetts (Pilgrims)
16
Q
Strong desire to set up schools
A
Massachusetts (Pilgrims)
17
Q
1st public school (massachusetts)
A
Boston Latin School
18
Q
First university
A
Harvard
19
Q
Absolutely no Sunday amusements and Games for children had moral teachings
A
Massachusetts (Pilgrims)
20
Q
were a major social center in Massachusetts
A
Taverns
21
Q
led by dutch and german
A
New York (New Amsterdam)
22
Q
Came to the New World with a strong commercial spirit – wealth seekers
A
New York (New Amsterdam)
23
Q
Good food, drink & gambling – lots of festivals!
A
New York (New Amsterdam)
24
Q
Bowling (ninepins), tennis, cricket, horseracing, ice skating
A
New York (New Amsterdam)
25
○ Had a strong family and community values as well as frugality and diligence
○ Set an early precedent for sport
New York (New Amsterdam)
26
Came in search of religious freedom
Pennsylvania
27
Quakers: Society of Friends (William Penn)
Pennsylvania
28
Quakers was owned by
William Penn
29
This territory welcomed settlers from several European countries (Sweden, Germany, France, Scotland, Ireland)
Pennsylvania
30
education of youth
- Wrote 2 books
Ben Franklin
31
Peace loving - ice skate, swim, hunt & fish
Pennsylvania
32
Economic opportunity rather than for religious freedom
Virginia
33
Tobacco main crop
Virginia
34
was most popular sport in Virginia
Horse racing
35
Physical activity embraced
Virginia
36
African slaves provided labor & were jockeys and boxers
Virginia
37
* Popular activities: foxhunting, horse racing, hunting, fishing, rowing, cock fighting, boxing, shooting matches, and dancing
○ Strongly influenced by the english
Virginia
38
These were the American version of English pubs, German beer halls and European inns.
taverns/ inns
39
American boxers were called [ ] – strongly influenced by the English; matches staged by slave owners
“pugilists”
40
Matches were between slaves of one land to another
"pugilists"
41
1st well known pugilist
Tom Molineaux
42
1st great american boxed
Tom Molineaux
43
○ Born a slave in 1784; won his freedom by fighting in 1809 (25 years old) but only if he won
○ He left for England and under Bill Richmond’s tutelage began serious training.
○ The British fighters often used adopted false names so that losses would not be so embarrassing.
○ Only ended when one fighter gave up
Tom Molineaux
44
Who did Tom Molineaux train under
Bill Richmond
45
Molineaux went to England in 1810 to fight the British champion [ ]
Tom Cribb
46
the world heavyweight champion in front of more than 20,000 fans. Billed as the “fight of the century.
Tom Cribb
47
The Era of Good Feeling
1800 to 1860
48
track and field was called
athletics
49
amateur sports were
rowing and boxing
50
ball games consisted of
cricket, baseball, football
51
Popular in established cities
Gambling made it controversial
Banned in many northern cities
Became more popular in the south
Rich horse owners
**Importing/breeding/training of horses for racing
Slave jockeys & trainers
Horse racing
52
Opened a national race horse in
washington DC
53
Even though legal before 1823, horse racing did not capture the hearts of Americans until the famous 1823 race between
Eclipse (North) and Sir Henry (South).
54
[ ] became popular when horse racing declined in the 1830’s (many people owned trotters while only the wealthy could afford thoroughbred racehorses).
Harness racing (or trotting)
55
horse racers used to run [ ] mile heats
4
56
Sir henry lost to
eclipse
57
* Greatest rider in American thoroughbred horse racing
* hand rider rather than a whip rider
* 1st victory in 1875; in 1884, won six races on four different horses, including the Kentucky Derby; in 1890, became the first rider to win three Kentucky Derbies
Isaac Murphy
58
died of heart failure in 1896 at age 35
Isaac Murphy
59
Latter part of 19th century, [ ] was both a popular pastime and a serious competitive sport
cycling
60
The first “superstar” of cycling
Marshall (Major) Taylor
61
educated on plantation, had a bicycle, performing stunts on it
Marshall (Major) Taylor
62
Moved from Indianapolis to Massachusetts because of racism when he was 17; however, the League of American Wheelmen (LAW) enacted a “whites only” rule – membership
Marshall (Major) Taylor
63
Story of how he had to race!--> had to race from start to finish in order to not be hit off his bike
Marshall (Major) Taylor
64
[ ] created baseball in 1839 in Cooperstown, NY – this story was created by Albert Spalding (former major league pitcher and sporting goods magnate)
Abner Doubleday
65
[ ] thought baseball should have an American pedigree and this would ultimately help his profit in his sporting goods store.
Spalding
66
1791 law in Pittsfield, MA prohibiting baseball within [ ] of town hall
80 yards
67
Establish rules for play
Moved their field to the Elysian Fields in Hoboken, NJ
Begins play as an “organized club”
Alexander Cartwright and his friends “The Knickerbockers"
68
Rules Alexander Cartwright and the Knickerbockers
Rules included:
* 9 players on the field
* Bases 90 feet apart
* Game consisted of 21 counts (outs)
with change after 3 outs
* Ball must be “pitched for the bat”
69
site of 1st organized baseball game
Elysian Fields
70
Teams form throughout NJ area
Adult recreational sport for “gentlemen”
1858: Games between “all star” teams (admission charged)
Players ran the league (no owners).
People began to pay to see
71
Prior to the Civil War: Baseball
* Known mostly in New England
Played by “gentlemen"
72
During the Civil War: Baseball
* Played by soldiers in both Union and Confederate Armies
Spontaneous games to pass time and some documented games between companies/regiments.
73
As a result of the Civil War: Baseball
* Was spread across the country
* Was spread to be played by all social classes (not only “gentlemen”)
Become recognized as “The National Pastime”
74
physically and socially
Reconstruction
75
electricity, telephone, printing press, radio, moving pictures
technology
76
Comes from a black face character who performed song and dance (derogatory)
Jim Crow Laws
77
Plessy vs. Ferguson
○ Homer Plessy sat in a white only train car
○ Ferguson put him in jail for 20 days
□ Plessy went to LA supreme court
□ Plessy then went to US supreme court
- Separate but equal
78
Baseball spread by [ ] during Civil War
soldiers
79
baseball was called [ ] after the civil war
the national pastime
80
An American professional baseball catcher who is credited with being one of the first black men to play in the MLB
Moses Fleetwood Walker
81
Walker played in the minor leagues until 1889, and was the last African-American to participate on the major league level before [ ] broke baseball color barrier in 1947.
Jackie Robinson
82
he became a successful businessman and inventor after his baseball career
Moses Fleetwood Walker
83
In 1871, National Association of Professional Base Ball Clubs is formed; became [ ] in 1876
National League
84
responsible for getting sport league of owned teams together; wanted to make money; signed players to contracts; had teams in the larger cities (philly, St. louis, NY); required a membership fee and rules if you forfeit a game, you are out of the league
W.A. Hulbert & A.G. Spalding
85
Tried to “clean up professional baseball”
WA Hulbert and AG Spalding
86
In 1882, American Association of Base Ball Clubs is formed; [ ] in 1901
American League
87
Difference between American League and National League
American League was a rougher, wilder league
88
Ned Cuthbert ran from 1st to 2nd without waiting for the batter to get a hit in 1863
Deadball era
89
Pitching changes in Deadball era
- Underhand pitching to make the batter miss
- Overhand pitching
90
threw the first curve ball
Candy Cummings
91
[ ] were not a part of the strategy in the deadball era
Bunts
92
Nicknamed the “Georgia Peach”
Ty Cobb
93
○ Defined the rough and tumble style of play
○ Baseball’s meanest player
○ Best of the Dead Ball Era
Ty Cobb
94
Denton True (real name)
Cy Young
95
○ Pitched for 5 different teams
In 1956, annual award created voted to most effective pitcher in each of the two leagues
Cy Young
96
Cy Young was nicknamed [ ] because of the speed of his fastball.
Cyclone “Cy”
97
Major concern of 19th century Americans was
health
98
Before then the physicians were the [ ]
physical educators
99
Foundation of the attitudes toward health was: “mens sana in corpore sano” translated as
“ a healthy mind resides in a healthy body”
100
immigrants>Turnverein >Jahn
Charles Follen and charles beck
101
created Harvard's 1st gym
Charles Follen
102
Created round hill school
charles beck
103
Round Hill School, - Northhampton, MA, 1823
Fitness-based rationale
- Charles Beck (hired to teach Latin & gymnastics)
The start of school Physical Education
104
German immigrants in Mass and NY bring gymnastics/volksturnen to the US, form exercise groups
“Turner Societies”
105
Charles Follen Follower of Jahn and friend of Beck
- Hired to teach German at Harvard
- Opens turnplatz there, introduces German Gymnastics to Harvard students
- Boston opens first public gymnasium in US, hires Follen to run it
Gymnastics in colleges and public gymnasiums
106
□ Young men's christian association
1st that began to train physical educators
YMCA Training School (Springfeild, MA)
107
□ Womens college to tulane
Beginning to specific kinds of training
Newcomb College (Tulane University)
108
Colleges/Universities get into the business of training PE teachers (shift away from liberal arts)
YMCA Training School (Springfield, MA)and Newcomb College (Tulane University)
109
The first “PE leaders/thinkers emerge”
Dudley Sargent and William Anderson
110
designs strength training equipment, founds “Harvard Fatigue Lab”)
Dudley Sargent
111
organizes meeting of college PE faculty to discuss the “Battle of the Systems"
William Anderson, M.D. in 1885
112
□ Owned his own school
□ Implementing this own training into his school
□ Recruited by harvard to head their physical education department
Dudley Sargent
113
□ Director of “Harvard Fatigue Lab”
First exercise physiology lab
Dudley Sargent
114
Father of Exercise Physiology
Dudley Sargent
115
Director of school
William Anderson
116
Organizes meeting for physical education faculty
William Anderson
117
□ Forms association AFORD
- Changes to SHAPE
Still alive today Maintained mission and growth
William Anderson
118
□ Director of another school
□ Hosted a conference - to share ideas
Debated different philosophers and what pe programs should look like for different ages
Amy Morris Homans
119
Society views discouraged [ ] from participating in physical education
women
120
Clothing women wore restricted movement
- Couldn't show arm, had to wear skirts
women in athletics
121
Exercise (vigorous activity) would have negative impacts on [ ] for women
fertility
122
sports appropriate for women
croquet, doubles tennis
123
§ Teacher at colleges for women (female seminaries)--> Teaches her students calisthenics
□ Jumping jacks, squats, running in place
Catherine Beecher
124
Promotes exercise for women
Connects exercise to religious responsibility
She took up exercises because she had health problems
Physician told her to and it changed her life
Catherine Beecher
125
Became advocate of exercise for women
Catherine Beecher
126
Very first philosophy people had toward fitness
Changed over years
Catherine Beecher
127
Another seminary
Included daily walking into the routine
Exercise was a religious responsibility (Leon and Beecher)
Mary Leon
128
Responsible for popularizing the dance movement
Margret H’doubler
129
Appeal to youth through sport and exercise
YMCA
130
§ Through exercise and sport, youth can learn values, and hear
□ You can still learn values through sport and physical activities today
□ Teamwork, discipline, cooperation
YMCA
131
Public speaker, fitness promoter, exercise leader
Exercise classes using beanbags, dumbbells, calisthenics
1861: Opens “Boston Normal Institute for PE” (Boston)
(preparation of 1st PE teachers)
Dio Lewis (homeopathic physician)
132
Department of Hygiene and Physical Education
Edward Hitchcock, MD as first faculty member
Amherst College (MA)
133
no person could be excluded from any program receiving federal money
Title IX - 1972
134
PE made available to every child regardless of disability
PL 94-142 - 1975
135
USOC create programs for disabled
Amateur Sports Act - 1978
136
Muscular Christianity
YMCA
137
Had the vision to make american land National parks to preserve them for centuries
-College football just started up during his presidency
- Lots of death and injuries
-Got people together to make football safer
President Theodore Roosevelt
138
1st employee of Amherst COllege
Edward Hitckcock MD
139
Youth programs with Educators and religious leaders supported health and social values
YMCA’s , Boys club , Pee Wee
140
Youth programs with Educators and religious leaders supported health and social values
YMCA’s , Boys club , Pee Wee
141
1st ever football game
Princeton vs. Rutgers (1869)
142
football Teams were called
"campus clubs"
143
Father of American Football
Walter Camp
144
how many players used to be on a football team
25
145
how many players are on a football team now
11
146
Marking the field
Grid Iron
147
one big thing about football rules
no passing ball
148
Flying wedge strategy
hitting as hard as you can
149
Baseball originated in [ ], but it was more recreational before college/pro
New york
150
Football originates in [ ]and then spreads out to pro/youth sports
colleges
151
1st association of football
Intercollegiate association for football (4 years after 1st game)
152
1st big rivalry in football
Harvard vs Yale
153
faculty coach became obsolete fairly quickly
Mens athletics
154
LSU coach taught Kinesiology and coached women's basketball and volleyball
Women's athletics
155
1st college athletic conference
League of IV
156
1st bowl game
Rose Bowl (1902)
157
President Theodore Roosevelt intervened in football in
1906
158
urged to examine football and make changes, money-making potential
Meeting of universities with FB (1906)
159
Intercollegiate Athletic Association formed in 1906 becomes the
NCAA (1910)
160
eally good recruiter, started a national T&F field at Notre Dame
Amos Alonzo Stagg-
161
risky pass bc if touched and not caught it would be a fumble, if dropped it would be an immediate turnover
Forward pass
162
why was passing not used much
"fat" football was hard to throw and it was a high risk play
163
if you drop pass it is
incomplete pass
164
if you drop ball it is a
fumble
165
if you kick ball it is a
turnover
166
football is established as the
college sport
167
[ ] becomes America's team
Notre Dame
168
travels across the US to play and promotes Notre Dame via the press
Knute Rockne
169
American Professional Football League forms in
1920
170
was a big name, ppl knew him, legitimizes professional football
Jim Thorpe
171
George Halas buys Decatur team, moves it to Chicago
Harold “Red” Grange (The Galloping Ghost)
172
what is so significant about Harold “Red” Grange (The Galloping Ghost))
-Stars at University of Illinois; best known college player of the time
-Signs with Bears
-Barnstorming tour; Grange gets ½ of the gate
-Thousands attend
-Pro FB legitimized
173
organized first tournament
James Dwight
174
Father of American Tennis
James Dwight
175
Davis cup is named after
Dwight Davis
176
an american tennis player who created the challenge with the Davis cup
Dwight Davis
177
french called tennis
tenez
178
where did french play tennis
inside
179
brought tennis to America in 1874
Mary Outerbridge
180
who invented basketball
James Naismith
181
when was basketball created
1891
182
what were the baskets used for basketball
peach baskets
183
how many ppl used to play basketball
9 on each team
184
how long was a basketball game
2 15 minute halves
185
if ball went out of bounds, who got it
whoever went and got it
186
Introduced basketball to women and modified rules
3 zones
6 or 9 players on a team
Stealing not allowed
Senda Berenson, Smith College
187
netting that extended from ceiling that kept ball in play
cagers
188
how was basketball spread
How the game was spread:
(1) Visitors to YMCA Training School
(2) YMCA Newsletter
(3) YMCA graduates
189
the 2nd sport of YMCA
volleyball
190
when was volleyball founded
1895
191
who founded volleyball
William Morgan, Holyoke MA YMCA
192
what was volleyball called
Minonette (or mintonette)
193
how tall was the volleyball net
6’6” net
194
who invented the set and spike
Philippines
195
The Filipinos developed the "bomba" or kill, and called the hitter a [ ]
"bomberino"
196
who introduced Smith College to basketball
Senda Berenson
197
was there a limit on how many hits volleyball could hit before they hit it over
no
