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kin 2501 > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are sources of historical info?

A

primary, secondary

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2
Q

things that have been written about primary (books, pictures)

A

secondary

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3
Q

why study history

A

people are interpreting history differently

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4
Q

gives us the Depiction of athletic feet and Represents the culture of the time and how they value athleticism

A

Great works of literature such as The Iliad and The Odyssey

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5
Q

The thoughts and ideas of ancient philosophers like Socrates and Plato

A

The role they had in connection with sports/games/play

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6
Q

Great architectural monuments like the pyramids of Egypt, the Parthenon in Athens or the Colosseum in Rome

A

monuments

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7
Q

Sport is the larger domain

A

Game is under sport
Play is under game
All sport is play, but not all play is sport

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8
Q

In French, the word de(s)porter has its roots in the Latin word deportare, which mean

A

“to amuse oneself”

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9
Q

Modern term first used in England around A.D. 1440
Origin of the word is Latin and French
Grew throughout England referring to competition in the form of games, individual athletic exploits and hunting.

A

Sport

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10
Q

play Has three fundamental characteristics:

A
  • Play is intrinsically motivated
    -Play involves the temporary suspensions of normal/ typical reality
    -Play involves internal locus of control
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11
Q
  • Somewhat more organized effort at play, where the organized and playful elements of the activity become more evident; an occurrence
A

Game

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12
Q

“a play activity which has explicit rules…the element of opposition or contest, recognizable boundaries in time and sometimes in space, and a sequence of actions which is essentially “repeatable” every time the game is played”.

A

game

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13
Q

is a pattern

A

sport

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14
Q

○ Continuity: refers to the longevity of the game
○ Division of roles
○ Dynamic interaction with an audience
○ Supporting establishment( sponsors)

A

sport

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15
Q

the study of change, over time

A

History

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16
Q

the study of how sport has changed (or not) over time

A

Sport history

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17
Q

“just the facts”

A

Objective

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18
Q

Detailed account of what happened in the past

A

Descriptive

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19
Q

Provides the who, what, when and where of the past

A

Descriptive

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20
Q

Attempts to explain the how and the why of events of what happened in the past

A

Interpretive

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21
Q

Introduces the narrator’s perspective into the interpretation

A

Interpretive

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22
Q

explains and interprets the changes that took place in American sport more than a hundred years ago and continue to occur

A

Modernization theory

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23
Q

involves where ppl live

A

Urbanization and industrialism

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24
Q

Fine-tune knowledge of diet and exercise to

A

help achieve peak performance.

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25
Q

The scholarly study of sport and physical education will continue to investigate the link between

A

exercise and health (diet).

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26
Q

things in greece that are still common

A
  • Continue to build monuments
    -Athletes will continue their quest to achieve victory, sometimes no matter the cost.
    -* Performances will inspire, entertain, and disappoint.
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27
Q

No other civilization embraced athletic competition and intellectual development as did the ancient [ ]

A

Greeks.

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28
Q

Various athletic contests and games were carried to mainland [ ] by merchant sailors from distant lands

A

Greece

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29
Q

And through military expeditions, the { ] adopted some of the ways of their conquered enemies, including games and sports that appealed to them.

A

Greeks

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30
Q

Two opposing ideas of thought (regarding physical education in Greece)

A

naturalistic and antinaturalistic

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31
Q

Man should have a balanced program – harmonious balance among spiritual, intellectual and physical

A

naturalistic

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32
Q

Both physical education and intellectual education should be incorporated

A

naturalistic

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33
Q

Held that physical education was a servant to the intellectual process – held the mind in higher esteem than the body

A

antinaturalistic

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34
Q
  • Left no written material
    • Formulated philosophy based on dualism (the separation of the mind and the body)
A

socrates

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35
Q

Socrates pupil; after Socrates death argued for a harmonious relationship between the mind and body; although harmonious does not imply equality.

A

plato

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36
Q

Wants only the best type of citizen – no patience for all physical and no intellect (dull and boring) and vice versa (soft and effeminate)

A

plato

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37
Q

Supported the need for modern physical education/kinesiology programs.

A

plato

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38
Q

studied with Plato for 20 years; tutored Alexander the Great when he was 13 years old

A

aristotle

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39
Q

aristotle Started his own school,

A

The Lyceum

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40
Q

Belief that the health of the soul/mind was contingent on a healthy body, that PE (gymnastics) was necessary as well as grammar, music and drawing.

A

aristotle

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41
Q

Ancient Greece:
The Birthplace of Western Civilization

A

776BC - 400AD

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42
Q
  • Extremely advanced society.
    First dominant culture in Europe.
A

ancient greece

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43
Q

greece Contributions to modern Western thought/society?

A

Thru literature and art and architecture

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44
Q

funeral games of Petroclus

A

Iliad

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45
Q

Odysseus proving self

A

Odyssey

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46
Q

What do these stories of iliad and odyssey tell us about Greece?

A

they had competitions

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47
Q

one who competes for a prize

A

athlete

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48
Q

unity of “man of action” and “man of wisdom.

A

greek ideal

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49
Q

all-around physical, mental, moral individual excellence one strove for.

A

arete

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50
Q

Military, discipline-oriented society.
“Education” focused on preparation of boys for military.

A

sparta

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51
Q

Characteristics of training? Did not prepare the girls for military; boys started military at age of 7 ; girls had physical training to have healthy children

A

sparta

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52
Q

personal trainer of child

A

Ephors

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53
Q

main sports in sparta

A

Boxing and wrestling

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54
Q

Embracers of the Greek Ideal

A

athens

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55
Q

Society reflected dual emphasis on intelligence and physical

A

athens

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56
Q

Liked what their soldiers looked like

A

athens

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57
Q

between soldiers as they trained or waited for battle, to pass time

A

informal contests

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58
Q

well organized contests held by warriors after the funeral of a man killed in battle. Earliest one 1250 BC in Greece

A

funeral games

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59
Q

Who is the goddess of victory?

A

Nike

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60
Q

What are the hellanodikai

A

judges

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61
Q

What are the statues that lined the entrance and were built from the money/fines of corrupt athletes called?

A

zanes

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62
Q

How did a wrestler/boxer signal defeat

A

1 finger up

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63
Q

What was the 1st day of the ancient games devoted to?

A

Mourning, religious day

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64
Q

Whats the pankration

A

combination of wrestling and boxing

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65
Q

What is the structure called where the chariot races were held?

A

hippodrome

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66
Q

What were the hand weights that were used to add momentum to the long jump called?

A

Halteras

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67
Q

What was the god of horses/ horse disturber?

A

Tersipis

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68
Q

What was zeus called?

A

God of thunder and lightning

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69
Q

1st olympic game date?

A

776 BC

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70
Q

what 4 games made up the wreath games

A

Olympia, Pythian, Nemean, Isthmian

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71
Q

initially held in over 300 cities primarily for entertainment

A

secular games

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72
Q

sacred site of the god Apollo

A

Delphi

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73
Q

wreath games that honored Zeus

A

Nemean

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74
Q

wreath games that honored Poseidon

A

Isthmian

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75
Q

Largest of a set of religious festivals

A

ancient olympics

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76
Q

purpose of ancient olympics

A

Honored Zeus

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77
Q

where was ancient olympics held

A

Held every 4 years, late summer, in Olympia
(religious holy place, rural)

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78
Q

why was ancient olympics important

A

National unity. Communication. Religion.

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79
Q

Greek god of horses

A

Poseidon

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80
Q

there would be no war for 3 months so the athletes and spectators could travel safetly to and from

A

truce to zeus

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81
Q

Greek males, trained, nude ( a lot came from Sparta)

A

participants of ancient olympics

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82
Q

ancient olympic rules

A

Had to take an oath of fair play that they trained for at least 10 months with other athletes; prove that they were citizens without a criminal record
Women? Werent allowed, then only married women could
If women were found in there, they would throw them off the cliff
Everyone went nude from there on so no women could be found

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83
Q

what did u win officially in ancient olympics

A

OFFICIALLY: Olive wreath

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84
Q

what did u win in practice in ancient olympics

A

IN PRACTICE: Fame and fortune

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85
Q

Stade race

A

stadion

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86
Q

first 13 olympics

A

Eventual 5-day program:
Horse races
Chariot races
Wrestling
Boxing
Pancration (Pankration)
Various footraces
Pentathlon

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87
Q

Changes in ancient Olympics

A
  • Change in emphasis (religious - winning)
  • Began to train specifically for event
  • Development of potential future Olympians
  • Increase in “professionalism”
    Cheating, bribery, corruption
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88
Q

Rome ends pagan religious festivals

A

*400 AD

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89
Q

ordered the destruction of places dedicated to the greek gods (they were christian)

A

Diocletian and Constantine

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90
Q

composed of foot races for virgins

A

Heraean Games

91
Q

winners of heraean games

A
  • Winners would take part in sacrifices cows
92
Q

contribution of ancient greece to sport

A

Appreciation of sport, athletic body, competition, health, beauty of movement

93
Q

first to organize and make rules for games; developed the gymnasium; wrote the first code of sportsmanship and standards for fair play

A

concept of physical education in ancient greece

94
Q

ancient greece and Physical education / Fitness as career

A

developed the first training methods

95
Q

Because of Greeks we have Olympics today:

A

High level competition
Horse-related events
Hand-to-hand combat events
Track and field

96
Q

when was the 1st modern olympics

A

1896

97
Q

saw how sports was increasing and wanted to revive Olympic games,

A

Dr. William Penny Brookes

98
Q

very well established physician in England, father of british physical education, captivated by mind and body and spirit of olympics

A

Dr. William Penny Brookes

99
Q

in 1850, Brookes had a parade of athletes and officials. Attracted local athletes

A

Wenlock Olympics

100
Q

Devoted his life to improving the national character of the youth of France; french were defeated in a war against Prussia; he thought the youth were too soft and that’s why they lost the war

A

Pierre de Coubertin

101
Q

Organized the sports festival, got money to build a stadium

A

Pierre de Coubertin

102
Q

students from princeton (track and field) competed in the 1st Olympiad

A

Boston athletic association

103
Q

where and when was the 1st olympiad

A

athens in 1896

104
Q

1st olympiad awards

A

only 1st and 2nd, no gold
1st got silver
2nd gets bronze
Crown of olives, diplomas for 1st

105
Q

feats of fedipitis (athletic shoe store)

A

marathon

106
Q

what is feats of fedipitis base don

A

a story that there was a messenger that was sent that the greek army had defeated the persian in a place called fedipitis

107
Q

how long was the marathon in the beginning

A

25 miles

108
Q

when and where was the 2nd olympiad

A

Paris, 1900

109
Q

how long did the 2nd olympiad take

A

5 1/2 months

110
Q

Side-show: athletic event
Non-official competition: balloon races, firefighter competition
1100 participants
side-show, women – croquet and tennis

A

2nd olympiad

111
Q

what was different about the 2nd and 1st olympiad

A

3rd place was recognized

112
Q

when and where was the 3rd olympiad

A

st. louis in 1904
**was supposed to be in Chicago

113
Q

what was controversial about the 3rd olympiad

A

europeans didnt want to come

114
Q

how long did the 3rd olympiad last

A

3 1/2 months with 500 ppl

115
Q

carnival atmosphere

A

exposition of 3rd olympiad

116
Q

the winner of the marathon in [ ] rode in a car for 11 miles

A

3rd olympiad

117
Q

what did they use as supplements to get through race?

A

brandy, egg whites, poison sulfate

118
Q

what was significant about the 3rd olympiad

A

US was basically competing against itself

119
Q

what was significant about the 3rd olympiad

A

US was basically competing against itself

120
Q

When and where were the Interim games held

A

Athens in 1906

121
Q

where was the olympic game in 1908

A

london
*initially was supposed to be in Rome

122
Q

When was the international sport federations created

A

1908

123
Q

why was olympic game in 1908 moved from rome to london

A

financial hardship

124
Q

why was international sport federations created

A

created bc if sport was not associated with ISF and you were not abiding by the rules, you could not participate

125
Q

what sport pulled out because of the ISF

A

tennis

126
Q

which countries were in political turmoil in 1908 olympics

A

Finland and Ireland

127
Q

was under russia control

A

finland

128
Q

was under great britain control

A

ireland

129
Q

what did finland and ireland want at the olympics

A

to fly their own flags, but were not allowed

130
Q

US flag bearer was supposed to dip flag in 1908, but did not because

A

he was an irish immigrant and was mad ireland did not get their own glad so said
“ this flag dips below no earthly king”

131
Q

why did marathon distance change in 1908 olympics

A

bc the king of england wanted to watch the race from the palace
26.2 miles to the palace from start

132
Q

what olympic was the last olympic russia competed in until 1952

A

1912- stockholm

133
Q

USA team was run by ___ in the 1912 olympics

A

AAU (amateur athletics union)

134
Q

appointed to be representation for USA in helping manage the games

A

James E. Sullivan

135
Q

introduced 1st truly representative US team

A

James E. Sullivan

136
Q

what was significant about 1912 olympics for women

A

women competed in swimming

137
Q

high school athlete, african american; qualified in 100m dash and in 1st heat he pulled hamstring in 1912 olympics

A

H.P. Drew

138
Q

7 events, won 6 golds and 1 bronze in 1912 olympics

A

Jim Thorpe

139
Q

USOC stripped him from his metals bc he was not an amateur athlete

A

Jim Thorpe

140
Q

Jim Thorpe was an indian who never competed before and wins 1st

A

skipped athletic trials and got stripped of metals bc he played baseball over the summer and received money

141
Q

distance runners from Finland; given to them by the media; very successful in distance (1912 olympics)

A

Flying Finns

142
Q

1912 olympics introduced

A

introduction of pentathlon- cross country, fencing, swam, pistol shooting, and 4k race
5 events and held over 5 days

143
Q

why were the games cancelled in 1916?

A

WWI

144
Q

“trailed” Greece by around 700 years.

A

Rome

145
Q

Attackers rather than being attacked

A

rome

146
Q

Eventually ruled most of Europe and N. Africa.

A

rome

147
Q

what was the class based society in rome

A

patricians,
plebians- worked for patricians (crafters, farmers), slaves

148
Q

Rome was governed by

A

senate

149
Q

who elected senate

A

by the patricians and later EMPERORS (Julius Caesar the first)- KING

150
Q

Rome had gladiator contests at the

A

colosseum

151
Q

Chariot races at the ___ in rome

A

Circus Maximus

152
Q

Track in greece was called

A

hippodrome

153
Q
  • Had the equivalent of skyboxes with reserved seating for the Emperor, senators, financial backers of the race, those who presided over the competition, and the jury that awarded the prizes.
  • 300,000 seats
A

Chariot Racing at the Circus Maximus

154
Q

Origins in religious traditions

A

funeral ceremonies

155
Q

funerals or ceremonies to remember the death of a significant person

A

Became part of Roman traditions

156
Q

the preferred vehicle to gain public support and political influence.

A

Shows (with gladiators as main attraction)

157
Q

rudus

A

Wooden sword

158
Q

Flavion ampien theatre

A

name before called colliseum

159
Q

Most were slaves (prisoners of war)

A

Gladiators

160
Q

fought in late afternoon

A

elite gladiators

161
Q

gladiators fought ____ matches per year

A

few

162
Q

T/F gladiators could become wealthy and earn freedom from games

A

TRUE

163
Q

owned the gladiators and ran the training schools

A

Lanista

164
Q

Training schools were called

A

Ludus/Lodus

165
Q

gladitor training schools used to be

A

owned by private citizens

166
Q

Government took gladiator training out of hands of private citizens

A

in order to prevent overthrown government

167
Q

representative of overthrown cultures

A

Armor and fighting styles

168
Q

gladiators fight animals

A

Morning “bestiarii”

169
Q

burning and crucifiction

A

Noontime executions

170
Q

Afternoon gladiator fighting

A

elite gladiators fought

171
Q

man who used a net to trip or trap opponent and used trident (spear) to injure opponent

A

Retiarius

172
Q

helmets that had visors over them and used particular sword (short) and shield

A

Samnites

173
Q

carried small round shield and curved dagger

A

Thracians

174
Q
  • Pop star, folk hero
  • Praised by poets
  • Likeness on objects
  • Sought by women
A

Gladiators place in Roman society

175
Q

Immigrants settled in ________ and brought their own traditions

A

homogeneous communities

176
Q

upper class sports in britian

A

cricket, hockey, rugby

177
Q

lower class in Britain played

A

cockfighting, boxing, soccer

178
Q

what did british believe

A

sport builds character

179
Q

british believed that amateur sport as

A

clean

180
Q

british saw professional sport as

A

dirty

181
Q

how did sports spread in britian

A

colonies

182
Q

how did sports spread in america

A

YMCA

183
Q

in the 1400s, GOLFE was played in

A

scotland

184
Q

Why did scotland ban golf

A

they were abt to go to war and needed to be working on shooting arrows

185
Q

when was gold popularized by ruling class

A

1500s

186
Q

St Andrews Royal and Ancient Golf club was introduced to US in 1700s at

A

South Carolina

187
Q

well educated middle class that believed that a free society could be achieved so that each person be allowed to create a life in the manner they saw fit

A

bourgeoisie

188
Q

the philosophers had several positions

A
  • They used their faith in nature as the guide by which humans should live
  • The view that children should be allowed childlike activities
189
Q

18th Century in Germany introduced

A

gymnastics

190
Q

Great contributions to modern education, Educational process should be as “natural” as possible,

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

191
Q

The education process for both boys and girls
- Should start at birth and go through all of adulthood
- Thought development of child health was important

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

192
Q

Emphasized the use of senses in the learning process

A

Johann Basedow

193
Q

a religious activist, controversial

A

Johann Basedow

194
Q

The Philanthropinum in 1774 created by

A

Johann Basedow

195
Q

Rousseau made the idea,

A

Basedow acted on it

196
Q

Basedow hires

A

Johann Simon

197
Q

becomes 1st modern physical educator

A

Johann Simon

198
Q

Engaged in Greek gymnastics - Running, jumping, wrestling, apparatus (young)

Engaged in “knightly exercises” such as dancing, fencing, riding and vaulting on live horses

A

Johann Simon

199
Q

Accepted today: specialists in physical education, outdoor activities and specialized equipment

A

Johann Simon

200
Q

legitimized profession of PE with the quality of his work

A

Johann GutsMuths

201
Q

worried and focused on physical layout of the school

A

Johann GutsMuths

202
Q
  • Writes two books about his physical education program (ppl copy and it spreads)
A

Johann GutsMuths

203
Q
  • Stresses about physical layout of school (covered area so they could still participate in activities)
A

Johann GutsMuths

204
Q

The Turnvater – “Father of Gymnastics”

A

Friedrich Jahn

205
Q

Gymnastics as a vehicle for national pride, healthy nation

A

Friedrich Jahn

206
Q

inspired by pierre de cuopton

A

Friedrich Jahn

207
Q

In 1811, beginning of the German turnverein movement emphasized apparatus (balance beams, bars, pole vaulting, horse)

A

Friedrich Jahn

208
Q

gymnastic place

A

Turnplatz

209
Q

the gymnastic movement

A

Turnverein

210
Q

people’s gymnastics

A

Volksturnen

211
Q

a gymnastics/physical education society with a patriotic/political agenda

A

Turners

212
Q

Followed Jahn after he gets impriosned and became pioneers

A

Charles Follen and Charles Beck

213
Q

lawyer and political refugee

A

Charles Follen

214
Q

Fled to the U.S. and secured a teaching position at Harvard where he taught German

A

Follen

215
Q

Requested permission to build turnplatz on campus – interest high then tailed off

A

Follen

216
Q

theologian

A

Charles Beck

217
Q

Secured a teaching position at the Round Hill School in Northhampton, MA

A

Beck

218
Q

1st school with mandatory PE in the form of German gymnastics thanks to Beck

A

Round Hill

219
Q

Credited with being the 1st physical education teacher in America

A

Beck

220
Q

From Denmark, Inspired by GutsMuth’s gymnastics (natural setting)

A

Franz Nachtegall

221
Q

Opened private gymnasium and provided instruction in public and private schools
- Equipment included hanging ladders, climbing poles, balance beams , vaulting horses and rope ladders
- Trained in a command response

A

Franz Nachtegall

222
Q
  • Participated in Nachtegall’s gymnastic program
  • Used fencing as therapy which imporved his use of his arm
A

Per Henrik Ling

223
Q

Fencing had a therapeutic effect on his arthritic arm thus his lifelong interest in the medical effects of exercise
* Working out relieves stress

A

Per Henrik Ling

224
Q

considered boring and never gained the popularity that German gymnastics did

A

Swedish gymnastics

kin 2501 (3 decks)

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