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final Flashcards

1
Q

define isometric movements

A

no change in length

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2
Q

define concentric movements

A

muscle shortens

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3
Q

eccentric

A

muscles lengthens

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4
Q

isotonic

A

muscle moves with length change

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5
Q

factors that determine the amount of movement at a joint

A

shape of bones
taughtness or laxity of ligaments
length of soft tissue structure that supports
if joint moves independently of other joints

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6
Q

closed pack position is when the joint stability is at its greatest

A

open packed - at its weakest

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7
Q

name the 3 proprioceptors

A

muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs
joint kinesthetic receptors

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8
Q

the only skeletal muscles that dont have muscle spindles ?

A

muscles in the middle ear

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9
Q

in a first class level, where is the fulcrum

A

in the middle

between the effort and load

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10
Q

in second class lever what is in the middle

A

the load

between fulcrum and effort

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11
Q

in third class lever what is in the middle

A

effort

between the fulcrum and load

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12
Q

in a first class level it acts like what action

A

a seesaw

if the two forces are equal the force w longer arm (furthest from axis) has an advantage like a seesaw

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13
Q

ex of first class lever

A

atlanto occipital joint
axis (pivot, fulcrum) joint
load (resistance) weight of head
effort(force) neck extensor muscles

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14
Q

ex of second class lever

A

standing on balls of feet
axis: MTP joint
load: weight of body
effort: calf muscles contracting

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15
Q

what is the most common lever in the body

A

third class lever

EFFORT BETWEEN FULCRUM AND LOAD

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16
Q

example of third class lever

A

biceps curl

axis: elbow joint
load: weight of arm and what it carries
effort: biceps muscle contracting

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17
Q

define kinetics

A

explains forces that produce or resist body movements

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18
Q

define kinematics

A

types of motion, direction, amount

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19
Q

bones serve as what in regards to kinesthetics

A

levers

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20
Q

joints serve as what in terms of kinesthetics

A

fulcrums

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21
Q

what plane does abduction/adduction move in

A

frontal (coronal)

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22
Q

does the sternoclavicular joint contain articular disc

A

yes

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23
Q

what muscle compresses the cheeks

A

buccinator

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24
Q

the lateral pterygoid does what action to the jaw

A

opens

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25
the trochlear part of humerus articulates with ulna?
yes
26
what nerve is the inferior rectus muscle innervated by
occulomotor
27
what is lateral to the umbilical region of abdomen?
lumbar
28
what is lateral to the epigastric region of abdomen
hypochrondriac region
29
in a first class lever the fulcrum axis is between the load and effort?
true
30
the LONGER the moment arm the LESS force you will need to remain torque
longer=less LL
31
the origins of lateral pterygoid attach to which bone
sphenoid
32
what type of synovial joint is the acromioclavicular joint
plane
33
origin of teres minor
upper 2/3 dorsal scapula on lateral border
34
what type of joints are the IP's
hinge
35
what nerve runs through tunnel of guyon
ULNAR
36
what runs through the carpal tunnel
4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons 4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons 1 flexor pollicis longus
37
what muscles are innervated by the median and ulnar nerves
lumbricals flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis brevis
38
if the moving joint surface is concave:
sliding is in SAME direction as movement of bone
39
if the moving joint surface is convex:
sliding in OPPOSITE direction of movement of bone
40
what muscles originates at hamate
opponens digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis
41
fixed point is the ?
fulcrum
42
what are the 3 structural joints
fibrous cartilaginous synovial
43
functions of joints
synarthrosis - doesnt move amphiarthrosis diarthrosis
44
3 types of fibrous joints
sutures syndesmosis interosseous membrane
45
3 types of cartilaginous joints
synchondrosis symphysis epiphyseal cartilage
46
what is each muscle cell surrounded by
endomesium
47
what are fasicles wrapped in
perimysium
48
muscle is fully wrapped in what
epimysium
49
what is the coronal/sagittal meeting point called
bregma
50
what is the lambdoid/sagittal meeting point called
lambda
51
lambdoid/squamous meeting point
asterion
52
squamous/coronal meeting point
pterion
53
what bone is the cribiform plate on
ethmoid allows for passage of olfactory nerves
54
muscles of mastication
masseter temporalis medial/lateral pterygoid
55
what do the superior, inferior and medial rectus muscles do
adduct eyeball oculomotor nerve
56
what does the lateral rectus do
abduct eyeball abducens nerve
57
all eye muscles originate from where
common ring of zinn
58
what actions does the superior oblique muscle do
depress, abduct, medially rotate eye
59
what actions do the inferior oblique do
elevates, abducts, laterally rotates
60
what type of joint is the TMJ
synovial, condyloid, hinge, diarthrosis, uni
61
ligaments of the tmj
fibrous joint capsuel (med and lat) temporomandibular stylomandibular sphenomandibular disc
62
movements of tmj
depression/elevation lateral deviation protraction / retraction slight rotation
63
the articular disc moves forward as the mouth opens
TMJ
64
what kind of joint is the upper joint of tmj
plane/gliding
65
what is the lower joint kind of tmj
hinge (ginglymus)
66
which muscle inserts on lateral lip of bicipital grooive
pec major
67
which muscle inserts on medial lip of bicipital groove
teres major
68
what do the pec major, lats, and teres major do
medially rotate humerus
69
what is the only joint that connects the upper extremity to the axial skeleton
sternoclavicular
70
sternoclavicular joint type
saddle or plane triaxial
71
purpose of a labrum
deepen the cavity and provide stability
72
what lives in the subacromial space
supraspinatous tendon biceps LONG HEAD tendon subacromial bursa
73
where does supraspinatus insert into
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
74
where does infraspinatus insert
middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
75
what goes through quadrangular space
axillary nerve posterior circumflex humeral artery
76
what make up the borders of quadrangular space
teres minor teres major long head of biceps tendon surgical neck of humerus
77
what movements occur in the saggital plane
flexion/extension dorsiflexion/plantar flexion right and left planes
78
movements in the frontal (coronal) planes
adduction/abduction lateral flexion
79
movements in transverse plane
pronation/supination internal/external rotation spinal rotation
80
axial skeleton bones
skull mandible sternum ribs vertebral column sacrum
81
what is a condyle
round articulating surface fits in a fossa
82
what makes up a compact bone
circular units called osteons or haversion systems
83
what separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis
metaphysis
84
what are the structural joints (3)
fibrous cartilaginous synovial
85
functional joint types
synarthrosis amphiarthrosis diarthrosis
86
fibrous joints classified by structure
sutures syndesmosis interosseus membranes
87
what are the TRUNK divisions divided into on brachial plexus
upper middle lower
88
what are the cords on BP divided into
lateral posterior medial
89
order of sections on brachial plexus
roots trunks divisions cords terminal branches
90
what muscle fibre type is resistant to fatigue
slow oxidative
91
isometric
muscle does not change in length
92
3 types of cartilage
hyaline fibrous elastic cartilage
93
accessory ligaments of suture
sharpeys fibres
94
what is the joint between the frontal and parietal bones
coronal or frontal
95
joint between the parietal bones
saggital
96
joint between the parietal and occipital bones
lambdoid
97
joint between parietal and temporal bones
squamous
98
in what order do the fontanels ossify
posterior (lambda) sphenoid (asterion) mastoid (pterion) anterior (bregma)
99
3 main groups of facial expression
circumorbital & palpebral nasal buccolabial
100

MSA (8 decks)

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