lecture 1 & 2 Flashcards by ash box

8 cranial bones

temporal (2), parietal (2), occipital (1), ethmoid (1), sphenoid (1)

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14 facial bones

maxilla (2), zygomatic (2), nasal (2), mandible (1), inferior nasal concha (2), palatine (2), lacrimal (2), vomer (1)

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what bones make up the axial skeleton

skull, mandible, sternum, ribs, vertebral column, sacrum

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list what is inside a synovial joint and what is outside of it

inside= synovial fluid, joint capsule with 2 membranes
outside = bursa, nerves, ligament, discs, labrum

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define synovial joints

encapsulated by ligament tissue
has synovial fluid inside
diarthrosis - freely movable

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define fibrous joint

has no joint cavity
little movement
articulating bones are held closely together by dense connective tissue

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name the 3 structural joints

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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define joint

a point of contact between two bones

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list the 2 types of bone tissue

1) compact - outside of bone, strong
2) spongy , inside of bone

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list the 6 functions of bone

protection
support
assist movement
mineral homeostasis
blood cell production
triglyceride storage

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what is a fissure ?

narrow long slit opening in a bone

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what is a foramen

rounded opening through a bone

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define fossa

shallow articulating bone

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name the carpals

some lovers try positions that they cant handle

scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

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define synchondrosis

a cartilaginous joint
connected by cartilage
slightly moveable

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name the 3 types of cartilaginous joints

1) synchondrosis
2)symphysis
3) epiphyseal cartilage

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define syndesmosis

looks like a ligament
made of connective tissue
slight movement

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name the 4 joint movements

uniaxial - knee
biaxial - jaw
multiaxial - hip, shoulder
non -axial - intercarpal joints

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list some sagittal joints

hip
shoulder
knee ‘elbow
wrist
metacarpophalangeal, metatarsalpholangeal, intercarpal joints

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name the ear ossicles

stapes
incus
maleus

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list the 6 types of joints

ball and hinge
pivot
plane
synovial
saddle
condyloidl

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list the 4 T’s of palpation

temperature
tenderness
texture
tone

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list some differences of the female and male skeleton

female : smaller teeth, wider pelvis, less pronounced facial features

male : thicker, longer limbs, longer digits

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define each:
diarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
synarthrosis

freely moving joint
slightly moving joint
immovable joint

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list the 6 types of bones

1)short - carpals, tarsals 2) long - femur, humerus 3) flat - sternum, ribs 4 ) irregular - coccyx, hyoid 5) sesamoid - patella 6 ) suture

describe the 3 planes of motion with an example

Sagittal - diving the body left and right , flexion/extension, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion Transverse - diving the body into upper and lower - supination/pronation, spinal rotation, internal / external rotation Coronal / frontal - diving the body front and back - lateral flexion, adduction, abduction

3 types of muscle tissue

cardiac, skeletal, smooth

list the 4 functions of muscle tissue

1)produce body movement 2)stabilize body positions 3)storing and moving substances around 4)generate heat when muscle contracts

4 properties of muscle tissue

electrical excitability contractility extensibility elasticity

what do tendons attach

bone to muscle

is a muscle contracture normal ?

NO its a abnormal state, muscle is reduced in length

describe the agonist, antagonist and synergist in muscle coordination

agonist - prime mover antagonist - opposing muscle synergist - helps the antagonist with movement

describe the muscle contractions: concentric eccentric isometric isotonic

concentric - muscle contracts eccentric - muscle elongates isometric- muscle doesn't change in length - not moving isotonic - muscle chnages in length /moves7

define bursa

small fluid filled sac , cushions movement found in area where lots of tendons and bones cause friction

where is the labrum found and what is the purpose of it

found outside a synovial joint deepens the socket making it more stable

what makes up the CNS

brain and spinal cord, nerves

what makes up the PNS

nerves and everything else

what muscle tissue is non striated

smooth

functions of muscle tissue (4)

produces body movements stabilizes body positions (standing/sitting) storing and moving substances around the body generates heat

what is a muscle cell surrounded by

endomysium covering

define fascicle and what surrounds them

bundles of muscle cells covered by perimysium covering

define epimysium

many fascicles joined together to form a muscle, covered by epimysium

endomysium fascicle perimysium epimysium

what plane of movement is circumduction

, sagittal, coronal

what is a protuberance

projection of a bone

define fossa

shallow articulating bone

define tuberacle

small rounded projection

define tuberosity

large rounded projection

define trochanter

large blunt knob

properties of muscle tissue

electrical excitability contractility extensibility elasticity

what bones make up the shoulder girdle

clavicle and scapula

Define palpation

placement of the therapists hand on the pt's tissues to assess their condition

what is a malleolus

rounded process at the end of a bone

define facet

smooth flat articular surface

define fovea

small pit

define groove or sulcus

elongated depression

define sinus in a bone

hollow space

types of muscle fibres (3)

slow oxidative fast oxidative fast glycolytic

what does the labrum do

deepens the socket, making joint more stable k

name the 3 types of cartilage

hyaline, fibrous, elastic

the muscle attachment to the stationary bone is called what?

origin

the muscle attachment to the movable bone is called what?

insertion

list some special movements that only occur at certain synovial joints

protraction, retraction elevation, depression eversion, inversion pronation, supination radial deviation, ulnar deviation oppostion dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

what is an example of angular movement

adduction abduction circumduction lateral flexion

what is an example of flexion, extension, adduction, abduction all at the same time what planes do they occur in

circumduction sagittal and coronal

define angular movement

movement that changes the angle between two articulating bones

define gliding

movement where flat bone surfaces move back and forth or side to side ex) intercarpals and intertarsals

what movements can ball and socket joint do

flexion/extension, adduction, abduction, rotation

define saddle joint

one surface shaped like a saddle and the other fits in flexion/extension adduction/abduction sagittal/coronal biaxial movement

example of pivot joint

rounded or pointed sur head of radius rotating against ulna

what movements does a condyloid joint allow for

flexion/extension abduction/adduction biaxial

example of hinge joint

elbow only flexion/extension uniaxial

example of plane or gliding joint

carpals biaxial