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MSA > lecture 1 & 2 > Flashcards

lecture 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

8 cranial bones

A

temporal (2), parietal (2), occipital (1), ethmoid (1), sphenoid (1)

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2
Q

14 facial bones

A

maxilla (2), zygomatic (2), nasal (2), mandible (1), inferior nasal concha (2), palatine (2), lacrimal (2), vomer (1)

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3
Q

what bones make up the axial skeleton

A

skull, mandible, sternum, ribs, vertebral column, sacrum

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4
Q

list what is inside a synovial joint and what is outside of it

A

inside= synovial fluid, joint capsule with 2 membranes
outside = bursa, nerves, ligament, discs, labrum

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5
Q

define synovial joints

A

encapsulated by ligament tissue
has synovial fluid inside
diarthrosis - freely movable

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6
Q

define fibrous joint

A

has no joint cavity
little movement
articulating bones are held closely together by dense connective tissue

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7
Q

name the 3 structural joints

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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8
Q

define joint

A

a point of contact between two bones

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9
Q

list the 2 types of bone tissue

A

1) compact - outside of bone, strong
2) spongy , inside of bone

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10
Q

list the 6 functions of bone

A

protection
support
assist movement
mineral homeostasis
blood cell production
triglyceride storage

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11
Q

what is a fissure ?

A

narrow long slit opening in a bone

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12
Q

what is a foramen

A

rounded opening through a bone

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13
Q

define fossa

A

shallow articulating bone

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14
Q

name the carpals

A

some lovers try positions that they cant handle

scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

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15
Q

define synchondrosis

A

a cartilaginous joint
connected by cartilage
slightly moveable

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16
Q

name the 3 types of cartilaginous joints

A

1) synchondrosis
2)symphysis
3) epiphyseal cartilage

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17
Q

define syndesmosis

A

looks like a ligament
made of connective tissue
slight movement

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18
Q

name the 4 joint movements

A

uniaxial - knee
biaxial - jaw
multiaxial - hip, shoulder
non -axial - intercarpal joints

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19
Q

list some sagittal joints

A

hip
shoulder
knee ‘elbow
wrist
metacarpophalangeal, metatarsalpholangeal, intercarpal joints

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20
Q

name the ear ossicles

A

stapes
incus
maleus

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21
Q

list the 6 types of joints

A

ball and hinge
pivot
plane
synovial
saddle
condyloidl

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22
Q

list the 4 T’s of palpation

A

temperature
tenderness
texture
tone

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23
Q

list some differences of the female and male skeleton

A

female : smaller teeth, wider pelvis, less pronounced facial features

male : thicker, longer limbs, longer digits

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24
Q

define each:
diarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
synarthrosis

A

freely moving joint
slightly moving joint
immovable joint

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25
Q

list the 6 types of bones

A

1)short - carpals, tarsals
2) long - femur, humerus
3) flat - sternum, ribs
4 ) irregular - coccyx, hyoid
5) sesamoid - patella
6 ) suture

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26
Q

describe the 3 planes of motion with an example

A

Sagittal - diving the body left and right , flexion/extension, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion

Transverse - diving the body into upper and lower - supination/pronation, spinal rotation, internal / external rotation

Coronal / frontal - diving the body front and back - lateral flexion, adduction, abduction

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27
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

cardiac, skeletal, smooth

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28
Q

list the 4 functions of muscle tissue

A

1)produce body movement
2)stabilize body positions
3)storing and moving substances around
4)generate heat when muscle contracts

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29
Q

4 properties of muscle tissue

A

electrical excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

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30
Q

what do tendons attach

A

bone to muscle

31
Q

is a muscle contracture normal ?

A

NO
its a abnormal state, muscle is reduced in length

32
Q

describe the agonist, antagonist and synergist in muscle coordination

A

agonist - prime mover
antagonist - opposing muscle
synergist - helps the antagonist with movement

33
Q

describe the muscle contractions:
concentric
eccentric
isometric
isotonic

A

concentric - muscle contracts
eccentric - muscle elongates
isometric- muscle doesn’t change in length - not moving
isotonic - muscle chnages in length /moves7

34
Q

define bursa

A

small fluid filled sac , cushions movement
found in area where lots of tendons and bones cause friction

35
Q

where is the labrum found and what is the purpose of it

A

found outside a synovial joint
deepens the socket making it more stable

36
Q

what makes up the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord, nerves

37
Q

what makes up the PNS

A

nerves and everything else

38
Q

what muscle tissue is non striated

A

smooth

39
Q

functions of muscle tissue (4)

A

produces body movements
stabilizes body positions (standing/sitting)
storing and moving substances around the body
generates heat

40
Q

what is a muscle cell surrounded by

A

endomysium covering

41
Q

define fascicle and what surrounds them

A

bundles of muscle cells covered by perimysium covering

42
Q

define epimysium

A

many fascicles joined together to form a muscle, covered by epimysium

43
Q

endomysium
fascicle
perimysium
epimysium

A
44
Q

what plane of movement is circumduction

A

, sagittal, coronal

45
Q

what is a protuberance

A

projection of a bone

46
Q

define fossa

A

shallow articulating bone

47
Q

define tuberacle

A

small rounded projection

48
Q

define tuberosity

A

large rounded projection

49
Q

define trochanter

A

large blunt knob

50
Q

properties of muscle tissue

A

electrical excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

51
Q

what bones make up the shoulder girdle

A

clavicle and scapula

52
Q

Define palpation

A

placement of the therapists hand on the pt’s tissues to assess their condition

53
Q

what is a malleolus

A

rounded process at the end of a bone

54
Q

define facet

A

smooth flat articular surface

55
Q

define fovea

A

small pit

56
Q

define groove or sulcus

A

elongated depression

57
Q

define sinus in a bone

A

hollow space

58
Q

types of muscle fibres (3)

A

slow oxidative
fast oxidative
fast glycolytic

59
Q

what does the labrum do

A

deepens the socket, making joint more stable k

59
Q

name the 3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline, fibrous, elastic

59
Q

the muscle attachment to the stationary bone is called what?

A

origin

59
Q

the muscle attachment to the movable bone is called what?

A

insertion

59
Q

list some special movements that only occur at certain synovial joints

A

protraction, retraction
elevation, depression
eversion, inversion
pronation, supination
radial deviation, ulnar deviation
oppostion
dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

59
Q

what is an example of angular movement

A

adduction
abduction
circumduction
lateral flexion

59
Q

what is an example of flexion, extension, adduction, abduction all at the same time

what planes do they occur in

A

circumduction

sagittal and coronal

60
Q

define angular movement

A

movement that changes the angle between two articulating bones

61
Q

define gliding

A

movement where flat bone surfaces move back and forth or side to side

ex) intercarpals and intertarsals

62
Q

what movements can ball and socket joint do

A

flexion/extension, adduction, abduction, rotation

63
Q

define saddle joint

A

one surface shaped like a saddle and the other fits in

flexion/extension
adduction/abduction
sagittal/coronal
biaxial movement

64
Q

example of pivot joint

A

rounded or pointed sur

head of radius rotating against ulna

65
Q

what movements does a condyloid joint allow for

A

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
biaxial

66
Q

example of hinge joint

A

elbow
only flexion/extension
uniaxial

67
Q

example of plane or gliding joint

A

carpals
biaxial

MSA (8 decks)

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