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8th History > Final 150 Pt. 1 (1-75) > Flashcards

Final 150 Pt. 1 (1-75) Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

A

Found that it was a good area to grow cash crops

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2
Q

Virginia Company

A

A joint stock company that gained charter to establish Jamestown

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3
Q

Jamestown

A

Tobacco saved this town because there was no gold or silver there and the house of burgess was the legislative assembly

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4
Q

John Smith

A

Was the governor of Jamestown. Forces settler to work and explore. Built a strong with chief Powhatan daughter and did build a relationship with him for corn

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5
Q

Pocahontas

A

The daughter of chief Powhatan. Fell in love with captain john smith. Married john Rolfe. Moved to England

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6
Q

John Rolfe

A

He was the first one to sell a cash crop in 1614 in England. Help Virginia grow because of tobacco. Married Pocahontas.

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7
Q

Tobacco

A

Saved Jamestown. Cash crop for Maryland and Virginia.

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8
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Shown that the settlers were not content with being restricted to the coast.

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9
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

Pilgrims colony

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10
Q

Pilgrims

A

Separatists who came to the colonies for religious freedom. Came to America on the mayflower. The colony was Plymouth

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11
Q

Mayflower

A

Brought pilgrims to America

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12
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

First agreement for self-government to be created and enforced in America

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13
Q

William Bradford

A

He led the pilgrims for over 30 years, most famous for writing “ of Plymouth plantation “

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14
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

The first thanksgiving, autumn 1612. With their tribe. Wampanoag. Showed the pilgrims how to grow corn, beans, and squash, they also also showed them how to hunt and fish.

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15
Q

Puritans

A

Were protestants who wanted reform.

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16
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

In 1629 a group of puritans from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the Massachusetts Bay Colony was their colony based on the Bible. Were strict.

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17
Q

John Winthrop

A

Was the Massachusetts Bay Colony’s governor

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18
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A

Were both taken to trial over disagreeing with the puritans and were kicked out of Massachusetts. They formed Rhode Island

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19
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

Were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of Witch craft. Where many who were falsely accused, were killed

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20
Q

William Penn

A

Was a Quaker that found Pennsylvania and wrote their constitution

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21
Q

Quakers

A

Were tolerant of others views. Differed from. It’s other groups in this time because of positive treatment to women and native Americans. Were pacifists

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22
Q

Pacifists

A

People who refuse to fight in wars or use force

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23
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

A

Georgia was set up as a buffer state between the stronger English colonies a Spanish attacks and as a place where English debtors and the low class could get a fresh start.

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24
Q

First Great Awakening

A

The First Great Awakening (sometimes Great Awakening) or Evangelical Revival was a series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its American Colonies between the 1730s and 1740s. The revival movement had a permanent impact on Protestantism as adherents strove to renew individual piety and religious devotion.

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25
Triangular Trade
a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another. used to refer to the trade in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that involved shipping goods from Britain to West Africa to be exchanged for slaves, these slaves being shipped to the West Indies and exchanged for sugar, rum, and other commodities, which were in turn shipped back to Britain. Feedback
26
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
Franklin wrote Poor Richard's Almanack, collection of witty saying, such as " a penny saved is a penny earned" Called for one government for the 13 colonies. Formed to defend from the French The first political cartoon.
27
John Peter Zenger Trial
In 1733 publisher was accused the governor of New York of corruption in New York weekly journal and was thrown in jail. Case lead to freedom of the press
28
Cause of French and Indian War
The colonists called it the French and Indian War, and it permanently shifted the global balance of power. By the mid-18th century, both the British and French wanted to extend their North American colonies into the land west of the Appalachian Mountains, known then as the Ohio Territory.
29
Proclamation of 1763
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War, which forbade all settlement west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains. Ended the French and Indian war.
30
The Sugar Act
The Sugar Act, also known as the American Revenue Act, was a revenue-raising act passed by the British Parliament of Great Britain in April of 1764. The earlier Molasses Act of 1733, which had imposed a tax of six pence per gallon of molasses, had never been effectively collected due to colonial resistance and evasion.
31
The Stamp Act
Placed a tax on almost all printed materials in the colonies.
32
The Boston Massacre
Fight between towns people and British soldiers. One soldier got knocked down and then another one shot fire at the crowd. Was a successful way of propaganda. Repealed the Townshend act.
33
The Boston Tea Party
A group of colonist led by the sons of liberty board an east India trading company ship when it is set to be unloaded and they destroy the tea by throwing it into the Boston harbor
34
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Acts and blockades that were put in place as a consequence for the Boston tea party
35
Patrick Henry
Said " I am not a Virginian , but I am an American ". persuaded the house of burgesses take action against the stamp act and is the most anti-British political action from the colonies at this point
36
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
Were a secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonies and fight taxation by the British and was founded by Samuel Adams
37
John Hancock
Was a well known protester.
38
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
He called for the colonist to have complete independence from great Britain. Paine believes that colonist should refuge for the tyrants and persecution
39
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
1776, in Philadelphia, Thomas Jefferson, to explain why colonist wanted to form their own nation
40
Cause of American Revolutionary War
The British government decided to make the American colonies pay a large share of the war debt from the French and Indian War. Through the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and other taxes, the British tried to collect taxes that the American people considered harsh.
41
Loyalists
People who supported Great Britain. Also tories. 20%
42
Patriots
Were ones who supported America
43
Battles of Lexington and Concord
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were fought on April 19, 1775 in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy (present-day Arlington), and Cambridge.
44
Battle of Saratoga
Was the turning point of the American Revolutionary War. After France and Spain's became allies of the colonies
45
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of terrible suffering without decent food, clothes, r shelter for Washington and his troops. Little fighting because the winter didn't allow it
46
Battle of Yorktown
also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the Surrender at Yorktown, ending on October 19, 1781, at Yorktown, Virginia, was a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and French Army troops led by the Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by British peer and Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis.
47
Benedict Arnold
The hero of Saratoga
48
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington
49
Marquis de La Fayette
Believed that the future of America had a great influence on the future of mankind
50
Friedrich von Steuben
Drilled troops through valley forge. A Prussian born officer, is credited with teaching the continental army the essentials of military drills and discipline
51
Francis Marion
Known as swamp fox. He is considered the father of guerrilla warfare
52
guerrilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military. Guerrilla groups are a type of violent non-state actor.
53
Treaty of Paris 1783
Ended the American Revolutionary War. Great Britain realized America as independent.
54
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the lands north of Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River
55
Articles of Confederation
First constitution of America, was not successful. Could not raise taxes. Government that was provided was to weak and could not handle the problems of the world.
56
Shays’ Rebellion
Was a uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight government's taxes on poor farmers
57
The Great Compromise
Established the model of congress used to this day
58
The 3/5 Compromise
Allowed southern slaves to count as 3/5 of one free person for representation. Would allow the southern states to gain more delegates in the House of Representatives
59
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
James Madison, 1787, First it creates a national government consisting of a legislative, an executive, and a judicial branch, with a system of checks and balances among the three branches. Second, it divides power between the federal government and the states.
60
Bill of Right
Bill of right is the 1st 10 amendments to the constitution. Created to limit the power of the government and protect the rights of the individuals.
61
1st Amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press and petition the government.
62
2nd Amendment
The right to bare firearms
63
4th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizes without probable cause
64
5th Amendment
Natural rights can not be deprived without due process of law.
65
6th Amendment
You have the rights a speedy,public trial by an impartial jury
66
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Legislative Branch- law making branch Executive Branch- carries out laws Judicial Branch- interprets laws and declares if laws are presidential acts unconstitutional
67
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising over the taxing power of the federal government
68
Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of treasury
69
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Act- allowed president to deport aliens Sedition Acts- a crime to speak or write false criticism to try and weaken the government
70
John Sevier
John Sevier (1745-1815), American frontiersman, soldier, and politician, was a leading figure during the frontier period in the Old Southwest and became the first governor of Tennessee. John Sevier was born on Sept. 23, 1745, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia
71
Natchez Trace
Need to get
72
Marbury v Madison
Was the landmark court case that established judicial review. Marbury did not get his job because Supreme Court that it would be unconstitutional for a new president to be forced to accept the position. Marbury blame James Madison and takes him to court
73
Judicial review
Right for the Supreme Court to decide if something is unconstitutional
74
McCulloch v Maryland
Supreme Court case over states rights. The state of Maryland imposed a tax over a branch of the second bank of the Untied States - a federal institution .Chief Justice john Marshall ruled that Maryland had no right to tax the back because it was a federal institution and the court didn't want states to have that much power over the national government.

8th History (19 decks)

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