Final 150 Study Guide Part 2

Question 1

Election of 1800

Answer 1

Election between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson where each side believed that if the other side won it would ruin the nation

Question 2

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 2

The purchase of the Louisiana Territory from the French in 1803

Question 3

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Answer 3

The first expedition into the newly purchased US territory

Question 4

Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake

Answer 4

Impressment- the act of recruiting men into the military or navy without giving the person a choice
Attack of the Chesapeake- the British attack the USS Chesapeake and the ill-prepared American soldiers could not do much to fight back

Question 5

War Hawks from the War of 1812

Answer 5

A group of Republicans that were pro-war and were led by Speaker of the House Henry Clay. They argued that military force was the only option left to combat the British.

Question 6

War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans

Answer 6

British troops occupied Washington DC in 1814, they were easily able beat the American militiamen and walked into Washington DC unopposed
Fort McHenry- successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from the British navy in September 1814
Battle of New Orleans- last major battle of the war of 1812. The American soldiers, led by Major General Andrew Jackson successfully prevented the British from taking over New Orleans

Question 7

The Star Spangled Banner

Answer 7

The national anthem of the United States. Was written by Francis Scott Keys after witnessing the Battle of Fort McHenry

Question 8

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 8

Stated that that the Old World and New World were different systems and should remain seperated. It made four points, that the US would not interfere with international affairs, the US would not interfere with Western colonies, the West was for full colonization, and any attempt to control any part of the western territory by the French would be seen as a hostile act against the US.

Question 9

Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration

Answer 9

Potatoes were a very important crop in Ireland, so when there were no potatoes growing, they were forced to move to the US

Question 10

Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention

Answer 10

Held first women’s rights convention at Seneca Falls, New York

Question 11

Industrial Revolution

Answer 11

The transition to the new manufacturing process from 1760 to approximately 1840. This is when factories and industry began to be very widespread through the North.

Question 12

Capitalism

Answer 12

An economic system that is based on private ownership of the means of production and goods or services for a profit

Question 13

Free Enterprise System

Answer 13

An economic system in which the government places few restrictions on the type of business activities/ownerships citizens participate in

Question 14

Supply and Demand

Answer 14

The amount of a product that is available and the desire for it from the buyers

Question 15

Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s

Answer 15

Cotton

Question 16

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important

Answer 16

It was important because it helped get seeds out of cotton much faster than they could before. That was important because it meant more cotton for clothing and textiles

Question 17

Urban vs Rural

Answer 17

Urban-city

Rural-country

Question 18

Wilderness Road

Answer 18

Trail formed in 1775 byDaniel Boone from Cumberland Gap to the Ohio River. The Wilderness Road was used by many settlers to travel further west

Question 19

Daniel Boone

Answer 19

Man who blazed the Wilderness Trail. American explorer, pioneer, frontiersman, and woodsman. He is most famous for exploring and settling part of what was Virginia, but is now Kentucky

Question 20

Cumberland Gap

Answer 20

Narrow pass through ridge of Cumberland Mountains in the Appalachian Mountains, near the junction of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia

Question 21

The Corrupt Bargain

Answer 21

Henry Clay, the speaker of the house, meets with John Adams and agrees to use his influences to help Adams get the House of Representatives vote

Question 22

Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank

Answer 22

Spoils system- replacing current government employees with supporters of the winner
Jackson tried to kill the bank by withdrawing all federal funds from the national bank and placed them in smaller, state banks. He succeed, but caused an economic depression

Question 23

Indian Removal Act

Answer 23

Act passed by congress in order to relocate Native Americans

Question 24

Trail of Tears

Answer 24

The trail taken by the Cherokee in their relocation from Georgia to Oklahoma

Question 25

Sequoyah

Answer 25

Known for creating written Cherokee language

Question 26

William Henry Harrison’s Presidency

Answer 26

Inauguration speech gave on March 4, 1841, and lasted over 2 hours. He died of pneumonia on April 4, 1841. He had the shortest presidency at 32 days

Question 27

Manifest Destiny

Answer 27

The belief that America should extend its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean

Question 28

Texas Rebellion

Answer 28

Texas rebelled and became the Lone Star Republic

Question 29

The Alamo – battle significance

Answer 29

It bought the Texans some much needed time

Question 30

Davy Crockett

Answer 30

A backwoodsman from Tennessee who volunteered to fight at the Alamo

Question 31

Oregon Trail

Answer 31

1841-1869 | Used by settlers migrating to the Pacific Northwest

Question 32

James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?

Answer 32

Manifest Destiny

Question 33

Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession

Answer 33

US believed the border was the Rio Grande River and Mexico believed it was the Nueces river, 150 miles north Mexican Cession- ceded California and New Mexico and US gave them $15 million in return

Question 34

John Sutter and the California Gold Rush

Answer 34

Person who started the California Gold Rush. He was the first person to find gold on his property, which attracted other settlers. He began the California Gold Rush, which doubled the worlds supply of gold.

Question 35

Brigham Young

Answer 35

Led Mormons to Great Salt Lake in area of Utah

Question 36

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

Answer 36

Helped preserve balance between North and South. Made to have Maine enter as a free state and have Missouri enter as a slave state

Question 37

John Brown

Answer 37

Violent abolitionist that believed God had chosen him to end slavery

Question 38

Harriet Tubman

Answer 38

Famous conductor on the Underground Railroad

Question 39

Underground Railroad

Answer 39

Network of escape routes out of South for enslaved people

Question 40

Frederick Douglass

Answer 40

Most well known African American abolitionist Worked hard to become powerful speaker with wit and wisdom Edited anti-slavery newspaper called the "North Star" Believed injustice of slavery destroyed America's ideas of freedom 1947- friends helped him purchase his freedom from his original slaveholder

Question 41

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Answer 41

Novel that explored the issue of slavery

Question 42

Fugitive Slave Act

Answer 42

Required all citizens to help capture runaway slaves in 1850. Anyone who aided a fugitive slave could be fined or imprisoned. Enforcement of this act caused more anger in the North.

Question 43

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 43

Increased amount of territory open to slaveholding in US.

Question 44

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 44

Kansas became first territory to shed blood in a civil war over slavery

Question 45

Sumner-Brooks Incident

Answer 45

Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts lashed out against those for slavery, including Andrew P. Butler from SC. Butler's cousin, Rep. Preston Brooks, walked into senate chamber and hit Sumner with a cane

Question 46

Raid on Harper’s Ferry

Answer 46

John Brown led 18 men to attack a weapon storage facility in Harpers Ferry ,Virginia. He hoped to start a rebellion against slave owners by arming slaves, but he and his men were quickly defeated

Question 47

Dred Scott v Sandford

Answer 47

Dread Scott, a slave vs. his owner. His decision basically stated that the Constitution protected slavery

Question 48

Lincoln-Douglass debates – House Divided Speech

Answer 48

"I believe that this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. A house divided against itself cannot stand"

Question 49

Election of 1860

Answer 49

Lincoln vs. Douglas | Lincoln won and become 16th President

Question 50

Causes of the Civil War

Answer 50

Slavery and South seceding

Question 51

Fort Sumter

Answer 51

Confederate guns opened fire on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 The Fort Sumter attack marked the beginning of the Civil War

Question 52

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 52

Lead the North in the Civil War and became the 18th president

Question 53

Robert E. Lee

Answer 53

Led South in Civil War

Question 54

Stonewall Jackson

Answer 54

Considered one of the most gifted tactical commanders in US History

Question 55

First Battle of Bull Run

Answer 55

The first major battle of the Civil War, fought near town of Manassas Junction and a small river named Bull Run. 30,000 Union troops led by Gen. Irvin McDowell attacked a confederate force led by Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard. Confederate troops became inspired by reinforcements led by General Thomas Jackson

Question 56

Anaconda Plan

Answer 56

Union war plan to defeat the South by dividing them in 2

Question 57

54th Massachusetts

Answer 57

The most well know African American regiment

Question 58

The Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 58

Union forces are greatly outnumbered and are forced to retreat. After 2 days of unsuccessful assaults, Lee plans an attack that he hoped would create panic and destroy the army. It was led by General George Pickett and is remembered as Pickett's charge

Question 59

The Battle of Vicksburg

Answer 59

Turning point of Civil War

Question 60

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Answer 60

General William Tecumseh Sherman led the western army towards Atlanta. After burning Atlanta, Sherman's army began their historic "march to the sea"towards Savanna, Georgia

Question 61

Lee Surrendering to Grant

Answer 61

April 9, 1865, Lee and his troops surrendered to Grant in a small Virginia village called Appomattox Court House. The terms of surrender were very forgiving on the Southern troops

Question 62

13th Amendment

Answer 62

Abolished slavery in 1865

Question 63

14th Amendment

Answer 63

Gave full citizenship to anyone born in the US, including African Americans in 1866

Question 64

15th Amendment

Answer 64

Gave African American men the right to vote in 1870

Question 65

Lincoln Assassination – theater name, murderer, place of death

Answer 65

Ford's Theatre John Wilkes Booth The Petersen House

Question 66

10 Percent Plan and Radical Republican Plans for Reconstruction

Answer 66

Lincoln's 10 percent plan- Forgiving on the South | Radical Republicans- wanted a harsher readmission process

Question 67

Freedman’s Bureau

Answer 67

Agency that helped African Americans make the transition to freedom

Question 68

Segregation

Answer 68

Separation of races

Question 69

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 69

Laws that required African Americans and whites to be separated in almost every public place in the South. These laws were upheld in the Landmark court case Plessy v. Ferguson. The court said segregation was legal as long as it was separate AND equal

Question 70

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 70

The largest anti-African American terrorist organization in the South