FINAL Flashcards
1
Q
How many types of political economy are there, and what are they?
A
2-3
- Variations of Afro-socialism
- Capitalism
- many nations have mixed economy - elements of both.
2
Q
Which countries practices ‘variations of Afro-socialism’?
A
Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Tanzania.
3
Q
which countries practice capitalism?
A
Kenya, Ivory Coast, South Africa
4
Q
which countries have stable governments?
A
Botswana Mauritius Senegal Swazi land Tanzania
5
Q
which types of government are there?
A
- single part regims
- Monarchs
- Multipart Democracies
6
Q
which countries practice democracy?
A
- Botswana,
- Maurtitius,
- Senegal since 1978,
- South Africa since 1994,
- Ghana.
7
Q
ordinary citizens began to challenge dictatorships in what year?
A
late 80s early 90s
8
Q
what were the reasons ordinary citizens began to challenge dictatorships?
A
- Public could not endure political repression any longer.
- Motivated by the democratic revolutions in Eastern Europe.
- The fall of communism made it easier to oppose one party dictatorships.
9
Q
from a historical perspective, what were the problems in African politics?
A
1) Political patronage –> Using state resources for the benefit of allies and relatives.
2) The fragile relations among various ethnic groups.
3) Some of the political difficulties are due to the colonial legacy.
10
Q
when were many undemocratic regimes openly challenged?
A
By 1989
11
Q
what was another serious political problem Africa faced in this particular decade?
A
military rule - in the 60s
12
Q
when were many dictators removed from power?
A
1990-2002
13
Q
what are some examples of dictators that were removed?
A
1) In the late 1990s dictators were removed by force in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Liberia.
2) In February 1999, in Nigeria, after 15 years of military government, a new civilian President was democratically elected.
3) In December 2002, after nearly 40 years of one-party rule in Kenya, a new Parliament and President were elected in free, open, multi party democratic election.
14
Q
what does UAM stand for?
A
Union of the Arab Maghreb.
15
Q
What is UAM made up of?
A
Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia
16
Q
what the EAC stand for?
A
East African Community
17
Q
what does ECOWAS stand for?
A
Economic Community of West African States
18
Q
what does SADC stand for?
A
The Southern African Development Community
19
Q
what does NAM stand for?
A
Non Aligned Movement
20
Q
what does OAU stand for?
A
Organization of African Unity
21
Q
when was the EAC inaugurated?
A
2001
22
Q
when was ECOWAS formed?
A
1975
23
Q
when was SADC formed?
A
1980
24
Q
when was the OAU formed?
A
1963
25
what countries made up the old EAC?
Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania
26
when did the old EAC collapse?
mid-70s
27
who was the newest member of SADC?
South Africa
28
this organization was formed to coincide with Zimbabwe's independence...
SADC
29
why were all the regional organizations formed?
to promote integration
30
This organization was an economic organization..
ECOWAS
31
what were the objectives of ECOWAS?
1) Promote intra-regional trade - “intra” means trade within itself.
2) Common regional currency
32
What are the objectives of SADC?
1) Co-ordinate transport services and industrial development.
2) Another regional agency is the African Development Bank.
3) It offers:
a) Grants and
b) Loans for development projects.
33
what does NAM advocate?
a) independence and
| b) neutrality for developing nations.
34
this organization encouraged them not to become either pro-East or Pro - West during the Cold War.
NAM
35
This organization was formed out of 2 bloc nations...
OAU
36
what are the 2 bloc nations that form ___?
the radical Casablanca bloc
| and the conservative Monrovia group
37
what are the 4 institutions the OAU involved?
1. The Assembly of Head of State and Government.
2. The Council of Ministers
3. The General Secretariat.
- the actual building.
4. The commission of Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration.
- Its main mission: to help African states settle all disputes by peaceful means.
38
this organization pledged to eradicate all forms of colonialism and racism in Africa
OAU
39
what does AU stand for?
African Union
40
How many institutions were in the AU?
17
41
what does NEPAD stand for?
New Partnership for Africa's Development
42
when was NEPAD established?
1991
43
this orginzation replaced the OAU
the AU
44
When was the OAU replaced?
2002, the AU
45
This organization gained recognition from the UN...
OAU
46
who was the secretary general of Africa, for how long?
Kofi Annan, 10 years
47
What made Kofi Annan significant?
1. he was awarded the nobel peace prize in 2001
| 2. he received the Philadelphia Liberty Prize
48
where was Kofi Annan from?
Ghana
49
what did African leaders establish to be done by 2025?
in 1991, African leaders adopted a treaty to establish an Africa Economic Community by 2025.
50
the name and target of the single African currency?
Afro, 2028
51
What causes regional conflict?
* 1) Border disputes
* 2) Ethnic disputes
* 3) Religious differences
* 4) Ideological differences.
52
what is the official language of Sudan?
Arabic
53
what caused the regional conflict in Sudan?
ethnic and religious differences between the Arab and Muslim North and the non-Arab, non-Muslim South
54
what caused the conflict in Somalia?
1. war
| 2. inter-clan conflict
55
what is the dominant religion in Somalia? what percentage?
Muslim, 99%
56
When did the U.S. go into Somalia?
1992 - Operation Restore Hope
57
These two ethnic groups make up Rwanda - what are they and percentage?
Hutu - 90%
| Tutsi - 10%
58
what is the official language of Ethiopia?
Amharric
59
what was the outcome of the 30 year civil war?
Eritrea became independent in 1993
60
what is the official language of Chad?
French
61
which religious groups make up Chad?
Muslims in the north, Christians in the South
62
civil war in Chad due to ..
regional and religious differences
63
Why are the major powers interested in Chad?
Qaddafi.
- It has potential mineral wealth
- vast deposits of uranium and petroleum
64
China built which railway in the 1970s?
Tanzam or Tazara line.
65
in which societies are women under the control of men?
The Tswana and Shona people of Zimbabwe
66
Where can women be chiefs?
among the Mende and Serbo of Sierra Leone
67
Where were there "headwomen"?
among the Tonga of Zambia
68
Who were the women warriors?
a) Queen Amina of Housaland
b) Queen Nzinga of Angola
c) The Amazons
69
what are the 5 problems facing women in Africa?
1. Women as group suffer more hardships and have access to fewer resources and opportunities than men.
2. Unable to get jobs on their own, many women support themselves by selling food to domestic services to men.
3. women are clustered in certain typical careers.
4. women are largely excluded from the most important political positions
5. some customs undermine the rights of women.
70
what are the remedies to these problems?
1. Women in Africa have formed associations to provide credit and childcare
2. operating their own small business in trading, food processing, and real estate within the informal sector
3. Many African governments have created Special Women's Bureus
* e.g.: Cameroun, Gabon, Lesotho, Zambia, Kenya, Ghana
4. To help improve the status of women in the developing nations, the U.S. congress passed a law in the 1970s called the: Percy Amendment.
* It requires “a woman’s impact statement” from developing countries receiving US aid.
5. In Tanzania, a proportion of seats in the legislature is reserved for women
6. polygamy is forbidden in the Ivory Coast
71
What's the remedy to women's problems that Senegal introduced?
They have introduced 4 reforms
* a) women cannot be married without their consent (i.e. no more arranged marriages)
* b) A man cannot marry an additional wife or wives without the consent of his first wife.
* c) Men can no longer repudiate their wives - a judge must grant a divorce.
* d) It has abolished female circumcision.
72
These countries have abolished female circumcision:
1. Burkina Faso
2. Central African Republic
3. Djibouti
4. Ghana
5. Guinea
6. Kenya
7. Togo
73
what is the size of Gambia?
the smallest country in Africa
74
what does Gambia's economy depend on?
tourism
75
what happened between Gambia and Senegal, when?
in 1983, formed a confederation with Senegal called Senegambia
76
This country is the world's third largest producer of coffee
Ivory Coast
77
The largest producer of Cocoa in the world?
Ivory Coast
78
this country has a capitalist or free market economy
Ivory Coast
79
what's significant about Cameroun's geography?
Its mountains divide West Africa from Central Africa - AKA the "Hinge of Africa"
80
Who was the missionary in Gabon?
Albert Schueitzer
81
This man was awarded a nobel prize for his service to the poor:
Albert Schueitzer
82
This is the most populous nation in Africa:
Nigeria
83
this is the most densely populated nation in Africa:
Rwanda
84
the nation that is a major world oil producer:
Nigeria
85
What type of democracy did Nigeria return to? when?
multiparty democracy 1999
86
the largest democracy in Africa?
Nigeria
87
when was Nigeria's president elected?
1999
88
called the "showcase of capitalism"
Kenya
89
capital city of Kenya?
Nairobi
90
What is Kenya's major source of foreign exchange?
tourism
91
What U.S. military facility is in the Kenya's capital, Nairobi?
the U.S. Embassy - it was attacked in 1998
92
the U.S. navy uses which port in Kenya?
port of Mombasa, for the the Indian Ocean Fleet
93
which two attacks coincided in Kenya?
1. bombings at the US embassy in Tanzania
| 2. The bombing at the US embassy in Nairobi
94
when and how did Zimbabwe become independent?
1980, after a long and painful war of liberation
95
In Zimbabwe, what two events contributed to it's independence?
1. in 1965, the "Unilateral Declaration of Independence" - minority settlers declared independence
2. In 1979, Margaret Thatcher convered the Lancaster House Conference in London
96
Rhodesia was the previous name for:
Zimbabwe
97
official languages of South Africa?
English and Afrikaans
98
Who are the indigenous people in South Africa?
The Sans
99
what is the commercial capital of South Africa?
Pretoria
100
what is the legislative capital of South Africa?
Cape Town
101
what is apartheid?
a policy or system in South Africa segration with race
102
Under apartheid, people were classified into what?
4 races: white, black, colored, asian/indian
103
When did the apartheid come into affect?
1948
104
what happened to the apartheid?
people resisted it
105
what was the main anti-apartheid called?
African National Congree - ANC
106
how many racial categories were under the apartheid?
4
107
what is the richest, most industrialized society in Africa?
South Africa
108
biggest producer of gold?
South Africa
109
when was Nelson Mandela released?
1990
110
when was Mandela elected president?
1994
111
What were Mandela's awards?
1. Phily Liberty Medal
2. Nobel Peace Prize
3. 1998 - awarded honorary degree from Harvard Univeristy
4. 1998 - Congressional Gold Medal
5. 2001 - Honorary citizenship of Canada
112
From what dates was Namibia a colony?
1884-1919
113
Namibia's independence...
has something to do with South Africa's apartheid
114
what arethe 4 major cities of South Africa?
1. Johannesburg
2. Pretoria
3. Cape Town
4. Bloem Fontem
