Midterm Exam Flashcards
1
Q
What is the definition of culture?
A
A way of life
2
Q
What is non-material culture?
A
Invisible, intangible aspects of culture
3
Q
what is material culture?
A
physical, visible elements
4
Q
religion, faith, perspectives are what type of culture?
A
non-material
5
Q
How many African Language Families are there?
A
6
6
Q
What are the African language families?
A
1) Afro-Asiatic or Hamito-Semantic,
2) Nilo-Saharen
3) Koisan
4) Niger-Kongo
5) Malayo-Polynesian
6) Indo-European Family
7
Q
Arabic is leading language in this branch…?
A
Hamito-Semantic - aka Afro-Asianic
8
Q
Which is the smallest language family? How many?
A
Koisan, no more than 100,000 speakers
9
Q
Which language family is sometimes called the “click” language?
A
Koisan
10
Q
Which two sub-families make up the Niger-Congo - Kordofanian?
A
Niger-Congo and the Kordofanian
11
Q
Which countries are associated with Anglophone?
A
Liberia,
South Africa
12
Q
Liberia and South Africa are associated with which language classification?
A
Anglophone
13
Q
Which countries are classified as Francophone?
A
Togo,
Gabon
14
Q
Togo and Gabon are classified as what language?
A
Francophone
15
Q
Which countries are classified as Lusophone?
A
Angola,
Mozambique
16
Q
Angola and Mozambique are classified as which language?
A
Lusophone
17
Q
What are the three classifications of standard/official languages?
A
Anglophone,
Francophone,
Lusophone
18
Q
What is “initiation”?
A
they are rituals designed to impart values to youngsters as their rite of passage into adulthood
19
Q
when youngsters experience rituals that are supposed to impart values as their rite of passage into adulthood, what is this called?
A
Initiation
20
Q
Public circumcision is an example of…
A
Initiation
21
Q
What is the Levirate?
A
A custom in which a man takes the widow(s) and children of a deceased brother
22
Q
What is the custom called, when a man takes the widow(s) and children of a deceased brother?
A
the Levirate
23
Q
What is the Sororate?
A
a traditional custom in which a woman takes the place of a deceased sister in the marriage.
24
Q
When a woman dies, one her sisters takes her place in the marriage - this traditional custom is called what?
A
the sororate
25
The Aka bra of Kenya practice which traditional African custom?
the levirate
26
the Tswana and Zulu practice which traditional African custom?
the sororate
27
what are some examples of people who practice the levirate?
the Aka bra of Kenya
28
whhat are some examples of people who practice the sororate?
Tswana and Zulu
29
A Bride Price is also known as what?
Dowry,
| Bride Wealth
30
A Dowry is also known as what?
Bride Wealth,
| bride price
31
the bride wealth is also known as what?
bride price,
| dowry
32
What are the reasons for a bride price?
1) a token of gratitude by the groom's family to the bride's,
2) to compensate the bride's family for a loss of her services
3) to show a token of good faith
4) to respect the bride and no mistreat her
33
a token of gratitude for the bride's family from the groom's family, this is a...?
bride price
34
to compensate the bride's family for a loss of her services, this is a reason for ...?
bride price/wealth,
| dowry
35
to show a bride's family a good token a faith, this is a ...?
bride price/wealth,
| dowry
36
to respect the bride, and not mistreat her, this is a ...?
bride price/wealth,
| dowry
37
What are some reasons for polygamy?
a) infertility in women
b) a sign of wealth/affluence
c) economic necessity
d) children as treasure - protect family, perpetuate family name
e) impact of Islam's reinforcement
f) the custom, in some areas, of avoiding a wife who's nursing a baby for 2-3 years
38
a) infertility in women
b) a sign of wealth/affluence
c) economic necessity
d) children as treasure - protect family, perpetuate family name
e) impact of Islam's reinforcement
f) the custom, in some areas, of avoiding a wife who's nursing a baby for 2-3 years
these are some reasons people practice...?
Polygamy
39
When the descent is in the male line, this is called what?
Patrilineal
40
When the descent is in the female line, this is called what?
matrilineal
41
an example of a patrilineal is ...?
when a man is deceased, his property goes to his children, normally the oldest son
42
When mostly boys only have inheritance rights, this is called what?
patrilineal
43
an example of matrilineal is..?
when a man is deceased, the property goes to the children of his sister
44
when men divide their attention between their wives and children on the one hand, and their sisters and children on the other hand, this falls under...?
matrilineal descent/inheritance
45
what were the religions talked about?
Christianity, Islam, Judaism, & traditional
And in East Africa:
Hinduism, Buddism, Shintoism, Taoism
46
Which religions are found in East Africa?
Hinduism, Buddism, Shintoism, Taoism
47
When was traditional religion founded?
there is no founder
48
which religion has no founder?
traditional religion
49
what percentage of Africa still practices traditional religion?
15%
50
When was Christianity first introduced?
the apostolic age, during the 1st century
51
Where was Christianity first introduced?
North Africa
52
When the last phase Christianity was introduced?
as a reaction to the slave trade
53
Which religion came in 3 phases?
Christianity
54
When was the second phase of the rise of Christianity?
the 15th century, when Portuguese were exploring the Atlantic Cost
55
Christianity came to Africa in how many phases, and started where, and in what century?
North Africa, 1st Century
56
Islam came by which two places of of Africa?
North - by Jihads and holy wars,
| and West Africa thru trade contact
57
Which religion was introduced in North Africa by Jihads and holy wars, and West Africa thru trade contact?
Islam
58
Judaism is found where?
On a limited basis in North and South Africa
59
What are the 3 religious systems in Africa?
1) traditional religious systems
2) Christianity
3) Islam
60
What were the sub division/denominations of African Christianity?
Ethiopian type churches,
Spirit type churches,
Messianic type churches
61
When did Ethiopian type churches emerge?
end of 19th century, beginning of 20th century
62
which Christian denomination emerged at the end of the 19th, beginning of the 20th century?
Ethiopian type church
63
Which church is characterized by a prophetic leader?
Messianic type church
64
what are the characteristics of the Ethiopian type churches?
- it was essentially a protest movement against the oppressive colonial regimes,
- Found mostly in Eastern and Southern Africa,
- nonprophetic (doesn't believe in prophets)
- doesn't emphasize the Holy Spirit
65
Which Christian church type is concerned with the destruction of social African cultural, and with practical benefits of religion than with salvation in the after life?
Spirit Type Churches
66
Which church is also called Zion churches?
Spirit Type Churches
67
Simon Kimbanyu, and the church he founded called The Church of Jesus Christ on This Earth, fall under which type of church?
Messianic Church
68
How was Islam introduced in West Africa?
Trade Contact
69
How was Islam introduced to North Africa?
Jihads and Holy Wars
70
What makes Islam appealing to some Africans?
It accommodates African values more than other religions - like polygamy
71
What are the various forms of African Literature?
1) Proverbs and riddles
2) Myths and Legends
3) Folktales and Popular Stories
4) Poetry
72
What are the characteristics of Proverbs and Riddles?
They convey the accepted social norms
73
Which form of African Literature conveys the accepted social norms?
Proverbs and Riddles
74
Myths and Legends are about:
a) belief in the supernatural
| b) history and origins of people and society
75
which form of African literature conveys belief in the supernatural, and history and origins of people and society?
Myths and Legends
76
Folktales are regarded as:
Ficiton
77
Which African Literature is regarded as Fiction?
Folktales
78
the spider, the tortoise, and the hare, are an example of which type of African Literature?
Folktales
79
In West Africa, the spider is called:
Anansi
80
Anansi, is the name for what?
the spider in the folktale
81
What are the different types of poetry?
1) narrative epic
2) occupational poetry
3) love songs
4) cult poetry
82
narrative epic, occupational, love songs, and cult, are all types of:
Poetry
83
What are the characteristics of a narrative epic?
- has a chanted formula,
- takes several days to perform
- talk about the historical legend dealing with conquerors and founders of dynasty
84
a chanted formula, takes several days to perform, and talks about historical legend dealing with conquerors and founders of dynasty - these are the characteristics of what?
narrative epic
85
occupational poetry - what's the characteristics?
belongs to a group practicing a trade or vocation
86
this belongs to a group practicing a trade or vocation -
occupational poetry
87
cult poetry is what?
- rituals for the divinities or oracles,
| - celebrates the forces of nature used in the practice of traditional medicine
88
rituals for the divinities or oracles are called what, and the celebration of the forces of nature used in the practice of traditional medicine - this is called what?
cult poetry
89
Who wrote "Things Fell Apart"?
Chinua Achebe
90
Chinua Achebe wrote which most famous classic in 1993?
Things Fell Apart
91
Other Achebe Novels are what?
Arrow of God,
No Longer at Ease,
A Man of the People,
Anhills of the Savanna
92
Which Author won a nobel prize in 1986?
Wole Soyinka
93
Thomas Mofolo authored which books?
Travelers of the East,
Chaka the Zulu
-They were written in African language
94
Thomas Mofolo's books have what unique characteristic?
they were written in African language
95
In East Africa, the leading author Ngugi W'a Thiongo authored what books?
```
Weep Not Child,
The River Between,
Grain of Wheat,
Petals of Blood,
Devil on the Cross - which deals with sexual harassment
```
96
What is Negritude?
African Literature written in French
97
What is African Literature, written in French called?
Negritude
98
Creates feelings of pride for being black?
the objective of Negritude
99
Leopard Senghor was an advocate for what?
Negritude
100
Negritude's advocate what:
Leopard Senghor
101
Negritude characteristics:
- seeks to identify positive African values,
- puts an emphasis on Pan Africanism
- was a reaction to colonial literature,
- became anti-colonial ideology,
- took the slogan -"a leopard can't change it's spots,
- Came as part of the Harlem Renaissance
102
"a leopard can't change it's spots" is associated with:
Negritude
103
This was a reaction to colonial literature:
Negritude
104
This put an emphasis on Pan Africanism
Negritude
105
What were the main African instruments?
chordophones,
idiophones,
aerophones,
membranophones
106
chordophones have which type of instruments?
stringed instruments
107
idiophones have this type of instrument:
anything made of elastic material - resonant solids
108
some idiophones are:
rattles, bells, mbira - or thumb piano, xylphone
109
rattles, bells, mbira, xylophones are:
idiophones
110
stringed instruments are:
chordophones
111
drums are:
membranophones
112
something that produces sound through air vibrations is called:
aerophones
113
how many african art traditions did we talk about?
5
114
What were the art traditions we talked about?
1) craftsmaking,
2) royal art,
3) nok culture,
4) glyptic art,
5) architectural art
115
what are the standards, or characteristics of Art?
1) smoothness
2) Symmetry
3) Ephibism - emphasis on youthful image
4) Hypermimesis - general resemblance instead of exact representation
116
smoothness, symmetry, ephibism, and hypermimesis are all what?
the standards for African art
117
which languages are being used as national regional languages?
A) Hausa in West Africa
| B) Swahili, or Kiswahili in East Africa
118
Hausa and Swahili, or Kiswahili or what?
National regional languages
119
an example of a monolingual is
Arabic, North Africa - except Algeria
120
Arabic, North Africa - except Algeria is an example of
monolingual
121
examples of bilingual is
Camaroun and South Africa
122
an example of a multilingual country is:
Senegal and Nigeria
123
Senegal and Nigeria are what lingual?
multilingual
124
The most important language in North Africa
Afro-Asiatic
125
This language family includes languages spoken in Asia (middle east) and North Africa
Afro-Asiatic
126
This language family is spoken alongside the nile & Niger, in chad - western Sudan, and Uganda - Western Kenya
Nilo-Saharan
127
mostly spoken by the koikoi and San of South Eastern Africa
Koisan
128
Koisan is spoken by
the khoikhoi and San of South Eastern Africa
129
The Kordofanian subfamily is spoken where?
the Nubia Hills of Southern Sudan
130
This is spoken in the Nubia Hills of Southern Sudan
Kordofanian subfamily - 30 languages
131
Which subfamily covers almost all of Africa below the Sahara desert?
Niger-Congo
132
3 out of 4 speakers belongs to this sub family
Niger-Congo
133
the bantu, west sudanic language, kwa branch, west atlantic branch all fall under:
the Niger-Congo subfamily
134
an example of Malayo-Polynesian subfamily language?
Malagasy in Madagascar
135
Indo/European family has how many members and what are they?
2, English and Afrikaans
136
English and Afrikaans are indiginous to where? and are a part of which subfamily?
South Africa,
Zimbabwe,
Liberia,
and Indo/European family
