Final

Question 1

transpartisan institutions

Answer 1

ideally politically neutral arbiters of information ie journalism, scientific institutions, educational institutions

Question 2

partisan polarization

Answer 2

decreased overlap in views between Republicans and Democrats; caused by retreat from civic engagement, lack of trust in transpartisan institutions

Question 3

numerical representation

Answer 3

how many representations of a group in media?

Question 4

quality of representation

Answer 4

how good are these representations? do they play into stereotypes?

Question 5

centrality of representation

Answer 5

how mainstream are representations?

Question 6

narrowcasting

Answer 6

targeting a niche audience with tailor-made content ie pandering

Question 7

framing

Answer 7

how issues are presented by media through phrasing, word choice, image choice, and prioritization of certain stories that influence how we think about them

Question 8

technological redlining

Answer 8

marginalized groups are deprived of equal access to digital tools and the internet, leading to real world inequalities

Question 9

algorithmic oppression

Answer 9

algorithms for automated decisions are biased by the humans that create them

Question 10

digital disadvantage

Answer 10

differences in uses and consequences of technology along hierarchical identity lines

Question 11

why drilling?

Answer 11

Safer than outright criminal activity, more gratifying and lucrative than low-wage jobs accessible to them

Question 12

drillers

Answer 12

rappers of the drill genre: “hyperlocal, hyperviolent, DIY-style gangster rap that claims to document street life and violent criminality

Question 13

shooters

Answer 13

carry out acts of violent criminality to bolster reputation of gang and associated drillers

Question 14

cloutheads

Answer 14

people, often young women romantically involved, the drillers view as using their relationship for popularity, justifies exploitation

Question 15

the attention economy

Answer 15

a competitive field where cultural producers vie for the eyes and ears of audiences

Question 16

transitory vs sustained attention capture

Answer 16

efforts to attract attention of a group, brief or sustained

Question 17

peak attention

Answer 17

highest concentration of viewership ie Elvis on Ed Sullivan attracting 82% viewership; no longer viable in present media landscape

Question 18

situational vs personal authenticity

Answer 18

relatability in the content created vs relatability of the person themselves creating the content

Question 19

digital slumming

Answer 19

white, wealthy consumers of the cultural products of poor, Black creators online

Question 20

content moderation

Answer 20

outsourced, thus diffused blame from social media companies, globalized, cheaper and 24/7, prevents unionization, workers severely traumatized by content and are blamed errors despite vague policy; social media platforms easing moderation policies to appease conservatives

Question 21

misinformation

Answer 21

spread facilitated by social media algorithms, insular online communities, can eventually reach mainstream as disinfo is parroted by politician and reported by news outlets

Question 22

changes in public sphere causing civic decline

Answer 22

political polarization, retreat from civic engagement, decline in trust in transpartisan institutions

Question 23

institutional bias in media

Answer 23

sensationalism, negativism, Liberalism

Question 24

child exploitation on social media

Answer 24

only legal intervention will stop it, since it is profitable for social media companies

Question 25

partisan media

Answer 25

entertainment outlets like Fox News or MSNBC, with clear political alignment and propaganistic intent; conservative outlets use more outrage, less facts, and are often their audiences sole source of information

Question 26

critiques of ethnography

Answer 26

hard to have transparency or prove claims, exploitative of subject

Question 27

racialized poverty and deindustrialization

Answer 27

racialized poverty is a product of deindustrialization in American cities, leading to unemployment, giving rise to the corporatized drug dealing. provided social services the state does not; introduction of RICO laws ruined labor hierarchy

Question 28

labor structure of drilling

Answer 28

drillers rely on more skilled, popular, privileged producers, bloggers to produce content and attract attention; gang structure of drillers, shooters, peripheral "guys", work to mutual benefit

Question 29

drillers authenticity in the attention economy

Answer 29

authenticity is how attention is acquired, which means increased threats to safety and criminality

Question 30

drillers algorithmic success

Answer 30

1. grabbing attention through features, diss-tracks, high volume of content 2. sustaining attention through provocative imagery

Question 31

solutions for drillers

Answer 31

right to be forgotten, access to spaces for self expression and creative outlets from a young age, community organizations using social media, Federal Arts Project-esque employment oppurtunities

Question 32

hypodermic model

Answer 32

media directly influences the masses values

Question 33

minimal effects model

Answer 33

individual positionality shapes how media effects viewers

Question 34

exemplification theory

Answer 34

examples are more durable in memory, use of them in media frames issues

Question 35

cultivation theory

Answer 35

amount of consumption over time creates a particular worldview

Question 36

schema

Answer 36

a workflow or storyboard that tells you what to do in a recurring situation.

Question 37

heuristics

Answer 37

preferences that help you decide in a situation where you do not have enough information or do not care enough to make an informed decision.

Question 38

phone-based childhood

Answer 38

youth access to cellphones fragments attention, addiction, social withdrawal, facilitates unhealthy social interactions, and decay of wisdom

Question 39

solutions to phone based childhood

Answer 39

according to Haidt: no smartphones before HS, no social media before 16, phone free schools, more independence, free unstructured play and responsibility

Question 40

rules based AI

Answer 40

functions through if/then statements

Question 41

large language models

Answer 41

functions like a neural network, with ability to recognize patterns when provided enough examples

Question 42

polysemy

Answer 42

any text has multiple potential meanings depending on interpretation

Question 43

gatewatching

Answer 43

"the republishing, publicising, contextualization, and curation of existing material" by consumers to critique or expand mainstream media sources

Question 44

navigational styles

Answer 44

means of navigating the onslaught of media

Question 45

the Fan

Answer 45

navigation through visceral devotion to a figure or text

Question 46

the Exhibitionist

Answer 46

navigation through exploiting the fears of the Paranoid to their advantage

Question 47

the Critic

Answer 47

navigation through avoidance in the pursuit of taste

Question 48

the Abolitionist

Answer 48

navigation by individual withdrawal and mobilization of others to do the same

Question 49

the Paranoid

Answer 49

navigation through conspiratorial understanding of media ie hypodermic model

Question 50

the Secessionist

Answer 50

Navigation by withdrawal from engagement as an individual

Question 51

the Ironist

Answer 51

navigation through detachment, mocking awareness while still participating

Question 52

the Jammer

Answer 52

navigation through repurposing mainstream images to critique them

Question 53

synthetic data + copyright data

Answer 53

with dwindling training data, tech companies have resorted to exploiting copyright content or ai-generated data, which can more deeply entrench existing flaws

Question 54

"liberal bias" in journalism

Answer 54

while a majority of journalist lean left, this does not necessarily translate into biased reporting; avoiding bias through equal representation of both sides, when only one is based in fact, is harmful

Question 55

American cultural imperialism

Answer 55

global domination of American media, however highly viewed content is often local, and viewers have agency in interpretation

Question 56

media activism

Answer 56

activists that use media as a means to spread a message, critical of mainstream media's contributions to status quo

Question 57

protest paradigm

Answer 57

radical or progressive social movements receive little coverage by legacy media outlet, and when they do it's usually unflattering