Midterm

Question 1

digital dualism

Answer 1

false dichotomy that the digital world is “fake” and the physical world is “real”

Question 2

technological determinism

Answer 2

the view that tech is the chief cause of social change; people don’t use tech, they are used by it

Question 3

technological affordances

Answer 3

the actions tech enables through its design

Question 4

constituative choices/moments

Answer 4

early choices that may bias later ones and shape path of fevelopment

Question 5

American exceptionalism in media

Answer 5

role of government in subsidizing the press, protection of free speech, access to information and intellectual property, compulsory education, restrictions on gov oversight of media

Question 6

cultural diamond

Answer 6

interconnected relation ship between cultural objects, their creator, receiver, and the social world it exists in

Question 7

intellectual property rights

Answer 7

temporary, transferrable monopoly (105 years) on a piece of media enforced by the state

Question 8

market demand

Answer 8

aggregate desires of potential customers in a given industry or organizational field

Question 9

fee-based funding

Answer 9

requires quality and market demand, doesn’t require pandering for advertisers

Question 10

ad-supported funding

Answer 10

requires appealing to certain demographics (with disposable income: young people and elderly)

Question 11

public funding

Answer 11

a significant proportion of the media outlet’s budget is supported through designated taxes or government allocation

Question 12

licensing fees

Answer 12

in other countries, public media is funded by licensing fees of tvs in households. public broadcasting has basically fizzled out since the US doesn’t have independent funding

Question 13

vertical integration

Answer 13

when media companies try to buy up more of the parts within a single industry

Question 14

horizontal integration

Answer 14

conglomerates buying media properties across several industries

Question 15

homogenization hypothesis

Answer 15

concentration of ownership leads to reduced diversity

Question 16

hotelling-steiner effect

Answer 16

concentration of ownership leads to increased diversity, because of decreased competition

Question 17

format diversity

Answer 17

different categories of content available

Question 18

idea diversity

Answer 18

variety of religious, political, or social ideas represented

Question 19

demographic diversity

Answer 19

variety of types of people represented in media

Question 20

open vs closed systems

Answer 20

Lopes research: many vs few platforms, regardless of monopolized ownership dictate diversity; only factors in format diversity

Question 21

casual viewing

Answer 21

passive consumption of content encouraged by Netflix so that quality is not necessitated

Question 22

Typical Netflix Movie

Answer 22

algorithmic in house Netflix productions that have become standard, to cut costs

Question 23

Perfect Fit Content

Answer 23

Music creation in production companies who partner with Spotify, which are placed on official playlist and are cheaper than paying royalties to actual artists

Question 24

ghost artists

Answer 24

artists actually making PFC, make music in accordance with what production companies ask for, forfeiting ownership for stability

Question 25

constant hazard

Answer 25

facilitated by mass communication by an external force

Question 26

endogenous hazard/s curve

Answer 26

spreads by word of mouth

Question 27

FCC

Answer 27

founded in 1934 to regulate radio, telephone, and telegraph systems, today regulates tv, cable, satellite, wireless networks, and the Internet; moderates access, ownership, and content

Question 28

regulation/deregulation

Answer 28

increased concentration of ownership and monopolies, favored by the right vs restriction on ownership and vertical integration, favored by the left

Question 29

public interest

Question 30

digital inequities

Answer 30

access/ lack thereof to modern communication and information technologies and skills to use it

Question 31

net neutrality

Answer 31

regulation of the internet as a utility, stops discrimination of internet speeds by providers against their competitors and buy in to faster rates

Question 32

The Fairness Doctrine

Answer 32

1949-1987, required political diversity in broadcasting

Question 33

digital resignation

Answer 33

consumers being aware and disliking their data being held by companies, but feeling nothing can be done about it

Question 34

obsfuscatory practices

Answer 34

efforts tech companies make to hide data tracking from consumers, like privacy policies and transparency initiatives

Question 35

Culture Industry System

Answer 35

technical subsystem (artists) -> filter 1 -> manegerial subsystem(organizations)->filter 2 ->institutional subsystem -> filter 3 -> consumers

Question 36

Reflection theory

Answer 36

media as a reflection of society

Question 37

Loper-Bright

Answer 37

recent case that determined the FCC does not have the power to enforce net neutrality, (likewise reduces power of executive branch) congress must pass it into law

Question 38

mass vs popular culture

Answer 38

media culture as something projected onto the public vs something cultivated and engaged with by the public

Question 39

why the Minot, ND accident is relevant to media concentration