Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

neuro 3 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

what does stage I in Non Rem (NREM) or slow wave sleep involve

A

(light) theta, delta (low amplitude) horizontal eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The nucleus basalis of Meynert which functions as a sleep modulating center is associatedwith what type of neuronal projections

A

cholinergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lesions in serotonin rich raphe nucleus produces what

A

insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lesions in the Pons produce what

A

REM behavior disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what can produces insomnia by blocking production of serotonin

A

Parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what sleep stage does the EEG resemble the awake state

A

REM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

phase I in Non Rem (NREM) or slow wave sleep causes

A

(light) theta, delta (low amplitude) horizontal eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

phase II in Non Rem (NREM) or slow wave sleep causes

A

(light) theta, delta, sleep spindles, K complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

phase IV in Non Rem (NREM) or slow wave sleep causes

A

(deep) high amplitude delta (>50%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

phase IV in Non Rem (NREM) or slow wave sleep causes

A

(deep) high amplitude delta (>50%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what will have hypnogenic effects by acting on the anterior hypothalamus

A

Factors such as triazolam, 5HTP, muramylpeptides, PGD2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what will have hypnogenic effects by acting on the anterior hypothalamus

A

Factors such as triazolam, 5HTP, muramylpeptides, PGD2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PGO spikes are associated with what sleep stage

A

rapid eye movements (REM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

REM sleep can be induced by

A

cholinergicstimulation of the pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

REM sleep can be induced by

A

cholinergicstimulation of the pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A 30% increase in rheobase in motor neurons occurs during what sleep stage

A

REM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Slow wave sleep is associated with what changes in the autonomic changes

A

decrease in SNS and increase in parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Leptin (from adipose tissue) has what effect on the body

A
  • Promotes weight loss
  • decreases drive for food intake
  • increase energy utilization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ghrelin (from the GI tract) has what effect on the body

A
  • Promotes weight gain
  • increases feelings of hunger
  • increases food intake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the causes of epilepsy

A 
– Trauma 
– Oxygen Deprivation– Tumors 
– Infections 
– Toxic States 
– (In1/2 of all cases the cause is unknown)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the Precipitating causes of a seizure

A 
– strong emotional stimuli 
– alkalosis (hyperventilation) 
– drugs 
– fever 
– loud noises or flashing lights
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Kindling may be associated with what

A

binge drinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are some mild mental illnesses

A

obsessive-compulsive personality

antisocial personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are some severe mental illnesses

A

dementias
schizophrenia
depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which cognitive symptom is associated with schizophrenia involves the prefrontal cortex

A

deficits in working memory

26
Q

what are the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

distortions /exaggerations of normal cognitive fxn
Unable to interpret reality correctly
Excessive mesolimbic activity !!!!!!!

27
Q

what are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia

A
  • loss or decrease of normal functions
  • tend to impair the persons ability to function in daily life more so than positive symptoms
  • Excessive mesocortical activity !!!!!!!
28
Q

In schizophrenia, exaggerated activity of dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area to the neocortex is associated with what

A

-flat affect !!!!
-alogoria
-anhedonia
avolition

29
Q

How likely is an identical twin to become schizophrenia if the other identical twin develops the disease

A

40%

30
Q

How likely is a dizygotic twins to become schizophrenia if the other identical twin develops the disease

A

10%

31
Q

Schizophrenics may benefit from what type of diet

A

gluten free

32
Q

Over the last century the decline in the average age of the onset of depression is thought to be due to what reason

A

stress

33
Q

Unipolar depression is associated with decreased levels of what neurotransmitters

A

norepinephrine

serotonin

34
Q

true or false

Lack of the parasympathetic nervous system activity is a key finding in all anxiety disorders

A

false this is because it is a increase in SNS

35
Q

Infusion of what substance will induce a panic attack in a person who is predisposed to that condition

A

sodium lactate

inhalation of CO2

36
Q

what non drug treatments for depression is relatively new and received FDA approval in 2008 and also has other applications like treating asperger’s

A

transcranial magnetic stimulation

37
Q

What is by far the most common emotion associated with chronic back pain

A

Depression

38
Q

Stimulation of what neuronal receptors is associated with opening of chloride channels

A

GABA

39
Q

true or false All areas of the CNS has a blood brain barrier

A

false

40
Q

what will will increase cerebral blood flow

A

increase in local carbon dioxide
decrease pH
decrese O2
increase in H+

41
Q

what has been shown to bind to cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and help prevent degeneration associated alzheimer’s disease

A

nerve growth factor

42
Q

A fairly common side effect of electroconvulsive therapy to treat major depression is what

A

memory loss

43
Q

The entire CSF volume turns over about how times per day

A

three X

44
Q

True or false

CSF can provide a transport route for neuropeptides to distant sites

A

true

45
Q

Activation of what division of the autonomic nervous system inhibits proliferation of lymphocytes and results in a suppression of the immune response

A

sympathetic

46
Q

what neurotransmitter has a CNS effect of alpha MSH on the hypothalamus

A

interleukin I

47
Q

Which of the following substances is associated with producing a fever state

A

interleukin I

48
Q

What neuropeptide in autonomic nerves innervating the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes help regulate immune cells

A

NPY

49
Q

adhesion molecules, NK cell function, and T cell function are diminished in what situation

A

spinal cord injury

50
Q

true or false

Immune cells can produce neurologically active peptides such as ACTH and VIP

A

true

51
Q

Experimentally if two adjacent digits are sewn together, what might happen

A

cortical reorganization, whereby the two digits cannot be controlled individually

52
Q

In mice, what can prolong lifespan

A

melatonin administration

53
Q

what negates melatonin effects

A

naltrexone administration

54
Q

true of false

Following injury new neural connections can reform in both the CNS and PNS

A

true, it is also greater in the PNS

55
Q

In neonatal mice what increased the number of degranulated acidophilic cells in the anterior pituitary, a sign of degeneration

A

thymectomy

56
Q

In old mice, what restores thymic capacity to produce thymulin

A

L-thyroxine

57
Q

Compare the regenerative capacity of the PNS to the CNS

A

PNS > CNS

58
Q

Astrocytes communicate among themselves & with neurons by what mechanism

A

Ca++ waves

59
Q

what has been shown to cause the brain to age up to 20 X faster than normal with a loss of gray matter

A

chronic low back pain

60
Q

What area of the CNS functions as a endogenous (biologic) clock entraining circadian rhythms

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

neuro 3 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions