Final Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following is a component of patient advocacy?
A
Building rapport with the patient during transport to the hospital
2
Q
Who is responsible for on-scene safety of EMS providers?
A
all crew members
3
Q
Who is responsible for on-scene safety of EMS providers?
A
To prevent spreading infection to the next patient
4
Q
Which of the following best describes body mechanics?
A
Proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving objects
5
Q
Which of the following best describes an urgent move?
A
Moving a patient from a car directly to a long spine board
6
Q
Your patient is a 40-year-old known diabetic who was found unconscious at work by a coworker. What type of consent allows you to treat this patient?
A
Implied consent
7
Q
The wrist is ________ to the elbow.
A
distal
8
Q
The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and circulates through the body is the ________ blood pressure.
A
systolic
9
Q
Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs via:
A
plasma
10
Q
A decreased number of red blood cells is a condition called:
A
anemia
11
Q
When you place your finger in an infant’s palm, she grasps it with her fingers. This is an example of which reflex?
A
palmar
12
Q
Infancy is defined as the stage of life from birth to:
A
12 months
13
Q
The trachea branches at the ________ and forms two mainstem bronchi.
A
carina
14
Q
Which of the following is a sign of an inadequate airway?
A
nasal flaring
15
Q
What are the signs of hypoxia?
A
Cyanosis (blue or gray skin) and deterioration of the patient’s mental status
16
Q
A fall is considered severe anytime an adult patient has fallen more than ________ feet.
A
20
17
Q
A fall is considered severe anytime an adult patient has fallen more than ________ feet.
A
An object strikes the body but does not penetrate the body tissues.
18
Q
In EMS, what does mental status refer to?
A
The patient’s level of awareness of his surroundings
19
Q
Which of the following describes the chief complaint?
A
Reason why the patient summoned EMS
20
Q
Which of the following indicates a possible circulatory problem?
A
Weak, thready pulse that is normal in rate
Slow pulse
Rapid pulse
21
Q
A patient with a pulse rate of 120 beats per minute is considered which of the following?
A
tachycardic
22
Q
What does distention refer to when describing your patient’s abdomen?
A
larger than normal
23
Q
You are transporting a 30-year-old male who has been shot in the chest. He is suffering from a sucking chest wound and has a decreased level of consciousness. How often should you perform a reassessment?
A
every 5 minutes
24
Q
When you give patients nitroglycerin, they sometimes develop a headache. This would be called a(n):
A
side effect
25
What is the reason for giving an epinephrine auto-injector in a life-threatening allergic reaction?
It will help constrict the patient's blood vessels and relax the airway passages.
26
Which of the following respiratory rates is considered an abnormal respiratory rate for an adult?
8 breaths/min
27
A weakened area of an artery that balloons out and may rupture, causing catastrophic bleeding, is called:
an aneurysm
28
Which of the following is not a typical indication of congestive heart failure (CHF)?
weight loss
29
When using an AED, which of the following people is responsible for calling to "clear" the patient before delivering a shock?
EMT operating defibrillator
30
Which of the following statements about sepsis is true?
The exact pathway for the development of sepsis remains unclear, and most cases do not have a clearly defined source.
31
A respiratory rate of less than ________ or greater than ________ in cases of trauma is a criterion for immediate transportation to a trauma center according to the CDC physiologic guidelines.
10;29
32
The high-pitched sound caused by an upper airway obstruction is known as:
stridor
33
When suctioning the airway, you should try to limit suctioning to no longer than ________ seconds at a time.
10
34
What are the signs of hypoxia?
Cyanosis (blue or gray skin) and deterioration of the patient's mental status
35
When does respiratory distress change to respiratory failure?
When continuation of a respiratory challenge results in the systems being unable to keep up with the demand, and the skin color and mental status change.
36
A 21-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and audible wheezes, heart rate of 124, respiration 36; he has significantly altered mentation. What is the treatment for this patient?
Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD.
37
Your patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of COPD. He is sitting up and complaining of a severe shortness of breath. You should:
apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen.
38
A 10-year-old female complains of difficulty breathing after mixing bleach with another cleaner. Her skin and clothing are dry. You smell a strong odor, and your eyes begin to water. What route of exposure should you suspect is causing her dyspnea?
inhalation
39
A 5-year-old female who has a history of asthma complains of trouble breathing. She is exhaling through pursed lips, and you auscultate wheezes. Her vital signs are P 110, R 32, BP 106/68, and SpO2 is 89% on room air. After administering oxygen, you should next:
assist with the administration of her metered dose inhaler.
40
A 7-year-old male who has had a cold for a week tells you that he can't breathe. He has had a nonproductive cough for a day, and he is lying on his right side in the fetal position. His skin feels hot to the touch. He has a history of asthma, and you auscultate rhonchi in his right chest. His vital signs are P 118, R 24, BP 82/64, and SpO2 is 91% on room air. You should:
administer oxygen.
41
You are assessing a 43-year-old female who complains of difficulty breathing. How should you determine if her minute ventilation is adequate?
Evaluate her mental status and tidal volume.
42
A 64-year-old male is having an asthma attack. Which class of medication can help improve his alveolar ventilation?
Beta2 agonist
43
You are assisting the ventilation of a 57-year-old female who is in respiratory failure. Her initial vital signs were P 102, R32, BP 142/84, and SpO2 was 88% on room air. After five minutes of assisted ventilation, her vital signs are P 96, R 18 assisted with slight chest rise, BP 108/80, and SpO2 is 95% on oxygen 15 L/minute by BVM. You should:
decrease your ventilation rate
44
An 11-year-old male passed out while playing soccer. When you arrive, he is conscious and tells you he had dizziness and sharp chest pain before he passed out. He points to his mid-sternum when you ask him the location of the pain. He denies any pain currently. His vital signs are P 66, R 18, BP 114/72, and SpO2 is 95% on room air and is pink, warm and dry. You should:
transport him in a position of comfort
45
A 7-year-old male passed out while playing soccer. He has a history of asthma. He is alert now and tells you he feels like his heart is beating out of his chest. He is dyspneic, and you auscultate clear lung sounds. His pulse is too fast to count, and the rest of his vital signs are R 32, BP 88/58, and SpO2 is 92% on room air. You should:
administer oxygen
46
An unresponsive 3-month-old female is in cardiac arrest. While you and your partner are resuscitating her, you should compress her chest:
using a two thumb — encircling hands technique.
47
An unresponsive 10-month-old male is apneic and pulseless. While you are performing chest compressions, you observe that he appears to be breathing. You should next:
assess for a pulse
48
An 84-year-old male complains of pain in the left side of his chest that woke him up. He has a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He rates the pain 6 of 10. There is no change in the pain with deep inspiration. You auscultate fine crackles in his lower lung fields. His vital signs are P 88, R 16, BP 148/78, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should suspect:
acute coronary syndrome.
49
An 81-year-old male complains of chest pain that he describes as a heaviness. He denies any allergies to medication or active bleeding. He denies taking any medication prior to your arrival. You should first:
administer aspirin
50
A 28-year-old female complains that she feels like she is going to pass out. She tells you this started suddenly after ingesting several energy drinks. Her vital signs are P 172, R 18, BP 96/76, and SpO2 is 98% on room air. What should you suspect is causing her complaint?
Tachycardia
51
A 59-year-old male complains of dizziness and palpitations. He denies dyspnea. His vital signs are P 178, R 16, BP 92/56, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should:
administer oxygen by nasal cannula.
52
An unresponsive 84-year-old male was found in bed. His skin is pale and diaphoretic. His lungs are clear to auscultation and have equal expansion. His vital signs are P 38, R 16, BP 82/58, and SpO2 is 92% on room air. You should:
administer oxygen
53
An unresponsive 17-year-old female is taking occasional, gasping breaths. Her lips and tongue are cyanotic. Her pupils are pinpoint ,You are unable to palpate a carotid pulse. You should suspect:
opioid use
54
An unresponsive 2-month-old female had a single seizure. Her father describes a single tonic-clonic type seizure that lasted two minutes. He tells you that she has not woken up since the seizure. As you begin to assess her, she begins to have another generalized seizure. You should first:
begin transport
55
The mother of a 5-year-old male tells you that he was vomiting earlier today and complained of moderate pain around his umbilicus. She tells you that just before she called, the pain worsened, and he now has severe pain. When you ask him where the pain is the worst, he points to the right lower abdominal quadrant. His vital signs are P 98, R 26, BP 96/64, and SpO2 is 98% on room air. You should suspect:
Appendicitis
56
A 10-month-old female has a two-inch soft bulge under the skin of her belly button. Her father tells you that the bulge appeared after she was coughing. She does not cry when you palpate her abdomen. You should suspect a(n):
hernia
57
Why would the fontanel of an 8-month-old female who has meningitis bulge?
The ICP has increased.
58
A 1-month-old male has bilateral circumferential superficial burns from his mid-calf to his toes. He is crying and inconsolable. His mother tells you she placed him in the tub and then accidentally filled the tub with hot water. You should suspect:
non accidental trauma
59
You are assessing a newborn female one minute after she was born. Her body is pink, and her extremities are blue. She has a strong cry. She has some movement of her extremities and withdraws her foot when you tap it. Her vital signs are P 168 and R 56. You should suspect she:
is healthy
60
A 24-year-old male has a single episode of tonic/clonic seizure activity. He is awake when you arrive and is unaware of what happened. He tells you he ran out of his seizure medication. His vital signs are P 72, R 16, BP 138/68, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should:
monitor his vital signs and transport.
61
A 21-year-old male complains of abdominal pain. His abdomen is soft to palpation, and the pain is the greatest in his left upper abdominal quadrant. He tells you his stool has been maroon in color for the past two days. His vital signs are P 104, R 16, BP 110/88, and SpO2 is 94% on room air. You should suspect:
upper GI bleeding.
62
A 67-year-old female complains of crampy abdominal pain. She tells you she has diarrhea and mucus in her stool. Her vital signs are P 94, R 16, BP 136/84, and SpO2 is 96% on room air. You should:
transport her in a position of comfort.
63
A 34-year-old male complains of dizziness and feels like he is going to pass out. He tells you he just took naproxen for the first time for joint pain. You observe urticaria and angioedema. His vital signs are P 104, R 20, BP 78/58, and SpO2 is unobtainable. You should:
administer an epinephrine autoinjector.
64
A 66-year-old female complains of burning pain on the right side of her back. She tells you the pain began two days ago, and she can no longer tolerate it. You observe a red rash along the eighth intercostal space on the right side of her back. You should next:
assess her vital signs
65
A febrile 66-year-old female complains of chills and body aches. She tells you she removed a tick from her back yesterday. You observe a 3 cm circle of reddened skin that is normal in the center. You should:
assess her vital signs
66
A confused 54-year-old female did not eat lunch but took her insulin. She has a history of diabetes and chronic back pain. She localizes to stimuli with both hands equally. Her vital signs are P 82, R 14, BP 170/110, and SpO2 is 97% on room air. You should suspect:
hypoglycemia
67
A confused 74-year-old female has left-sided weakness. She can identify her husband and follow your commands but is unaware of current events. Her vital signs are P 70, R 14, BP 142/74, and SpO2 is 99% on room air. Her blood glucose level is 52 mg/dL. You should:
administer oral glucose
68
As an emergency vehicle operator, to ensure that your vehicle is prepared for service at the beginning of your shift, you should first ensure that:
no warning lights indicate a problem with oil pressure.
69
At the beginning of your shift, you should first ensure that:
all critical supplies are present on the ambulance.
70
You are arriving on the scene of a car crash in the left lane of a three-lane limited access highway. A fire engine is parked diagonally across the middle and left lane 50 feet before the crash. Where should you park your ambulance?
after the crash in the left lane
71
You are responding to a call using lights and siren. As you approach an intersection, the light in your direction of travel turns red. Prior to entering the intersection, you should:
ensure the right-of-way has been yielded.
72
You responded to an explosion at an outside concert venue and were assigned to triage. While triaging patients, you should:
look for secondary devices
73
You are the first ambulance to arrive on the scene of an overturned school bus on a limited-access highway. You see several people on the bus. You should first:
establish command
74
When approaching a helicopter with its main rotor turning, you should:
follow the instruction of the crew
75
When using radio communications, you should:
avoid codes
76
An unresponsive 82-year-old male is lying in bed apneic and pulseless. His wife is sitting in a chair in the room, asking you if he is okay. She tells you she doesn't want to leave him and has a list of his medications. You should:
inform her of your findings.
77
A 25-year-old male who was involved in a car crash has a laceration on his forearm. His skin is warm, dry, and pink. He has a two-inch partial thickness laceration to his left forearm. His movement, sensation, and circulation are intact distal to the injury. You have stopped the bleeding and bandaged the wound. He tells you that the wound is minor, and he does not want to go to the hospital with you. Which of the following must happen before you can allow him to refuse further care or transport?
He must understand the potential consequences.
78
You are at the hospital cleaning your ambulance after transporting a 62-year-old female from a car crash. The law enforcement officer who was on the scene of the crash asks you for the patient's name and date of birth. You should:
provide the information
79
Which of the following is a method to maintain your competency as an EMT?
Renewing your BLS CPR certification
80
A 6-year-old male fell off his bicycle and cut his upper arm. His mother is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound. When you examine the wound, you see a five-inch laceration that is spraying blood. You should immediately:
apply direct pressure
81
An 8-year-old male was stabbed in the chest with a knife. You observe a half-inch laceration an inch lateral to the sternum at the third intercostal space. You do not see any active bleeding, and his neck veins are distended. His lungs are clear to auscultation. His capillary refill is three seconds, and his skin is pale and cool. You should suspect:
obstructive shock
82
An unresponsive 11-year-old female jumped from a second-story window and landed on an uneven surface. Her skin is pale, cool, and you do not observe any bruising. She has a capillary refill of four seconds. Her left leg is shortened. When you compare her femurs, they are the same. Her abdomen is soft to palpation, and you feel crepitus when you assess her pelvis. You should suspect torn blood vessels in her:
pelvis
83
An unresponsive 2-year-old female has burnt skin on her left hand and left knee. Her father tells you he heard a loud noise and found her this way. She has irregular, slow, shallow respirations with a respiratory rate of 8 and a rapid carotid pulse. You should first:
assist her ventilations
84
A 9-year-old female was struck by a car while she was riding her bicycle. She complains of pain in her left forearm, right shoulder, and abdomen. Her skin is pale and cool. Her right shoulder appears uninjured. You observe an angulated injury to her forearm, and distal pulses are present. She has an abrasion to her right upper abdominal quadrant, and the pain increases with palpation. You should perform spinal motion restriction,
administer oxygen, and transport immediately.
85
A confused 52-year-old female has an eight-inch full thickness laceration diagonally across her right thigh. Her skin is pale and diaphoretic, and you observe a steady flow of dark red blood oozing from the wound onto the carpeted floor. The carpet under her leg is saturated. You should suspect:
massive hemorrhage.
86
A 63-year-old male has an irregular three-inch laceration across his right forearm. He tells you he feels nauseated and light-headed. You observe a steady flow of dark, red blood. You are unable to stop the flow with direct pressure. You should next:
apply a tourniquet proximal to the injury.
87
A 23-year-old female has a five-inch laceration to her left thigh. You were unable to control her hemorrhage, so you applied a tourniquet and stopped the bleeding. During transport, her vital signs are P 104, R 18, BP 88/62, and SpO2 is 97% on oxygen by non-rebreather mask at 12 L/minute. Of the following, which will help to improve her outcome the most?
keeping her warm
88
A 60-year-old female was choking on a piece of steak. She became unresponsive, and bystanders dislodged it after performing chest compressions for 30 seconds. She now complains of pain in her chest. Her lungs are clear to auscultation. You should suspect:
cardiac contusion
89
An unresponsive 43-year-old female was struck in the chest with a metal pipe during an assault. You observe a portion of her left chest wall moves outward when she exhales. She is taking rapid, shallow breaths. While your partner stabilizes her head, you should next:
assist her ventilation with a BVM.
90
A 24-year-old female complains of chest pain and difficulty breathing. She tells you a horse kicked her in the chest. Her skin is pale and diaphoretic. You observe a contusion to the left side of her anterior chest wall. Breath sounds are absent over her left lower lung. Her vital signs are P 116, R 22, BP 92/80, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. You should suspect:
hemothorax
91
Why should you not remove an impaled object from the chest wall?
It may be occluding life-threatening hemorrhage.
92
A 68-year-old female was shot in her left chest wall. She is lying on the ground, moaning 12/minute. You observe a bubbling half-inch wound on her left anterior chest, third intercostal space on the midclavicular line. You should cover the wound with your gloved hand and next:
look for an exit wound
93
A 57-year-old male was stabbed multiple times in his anterior right chest wall with a screwdriver. He tells you he has pain and difficulty breathing. You should apply occlusive dressings and:
auscultate his lung sounds.
94
An unresponsive 45-year-old female was stabbed in her right chest an inch lateral to her sternum. Her skin is pale and diaphoretic. You observe jugular vein distention and auscultate clear lung sounds bilaterally in all fields. Her vital signs are P 118 and R 18. You should:
apply an occlusive dressing
95
A 92-year-old male tripped and fell onto a ceramic figurine that created a two-inch hole in his right upper chest wall. You observe muscle tissue and bone fragments in the wound and hear bubbling sounds when he breathes. You should:
apply an occlusive dressing
96
An 81-year-old male complains of abdominal pain and difficulty breathing. He tells you he was stabbed in his abdomen. He has a history of hypertension and high cholesterol. You observe a one-inch laceration just below his xiphoid process. You auscultate diminished lung sounds and bowel sounds in the base of his left lung. His vital signs are P 76, R 20, BP 144/88, and SpO2 is 93% on room air. You should administer oxygen and:
apply an occlusive dressing
97
An artery is a blood vessel that only:
carries blood away from the heart.
98
The pulse palpated on the top of the foot is called the ________ pulse.
dorsalis pedis
99
What is the long bone of the upper portion of the arm?
humerus
100
In a blood pressure reading of 120/80, what body process does the 120 measure?
Systolic blood pressure; when the left ventricle contracts and the blood is forced into the arteries
