Final 2 Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
Radial Nerve Root Level
A
C6,7,8
2
Q
Median Nerve Root Level
A
C6,7,8,T1
3
Q
Ulnar Nerve Root Level
A
C8, T1
4
Q
Axillary Nerve Root Level
A
C5,6
5
Q
Dorsal Scapular Nerve Root Level
A
C5
6
Q
Musculocutaneous Nerve Root Level
A
C5,6,7
7
Q
Long Thoracic Nerve Root Level
A
C5,6,7
8
Q
Thoracodorsal Nerve Root Level
A
C6,7,8
9
Q
Suprascapular Nerve Root Level
A
C5,6
10
Q
Femoral Nerve Root Level
A
L2,3,4
11
Q
Tibial Nerve Root Level
A
L4,5,S1,2
12
Q
Medial Plantar Nerve Root Level
A
L4,5
13
Q
Lateral Plantar Nerve Root Level
A
S1,2
14
Q
Deep Peroneal Nerve Root Level
A
L4,5
15
Q
Superficial Peroneal Nerve Root Level
A
L4,5,S1
16
Q
The shoulder joint is which type of joint?
A
Ball and socket
17
Q
What is the name of the shoulder joint?
A
Glenohumeral
18
Q
What does the shoulder girdle consist of?
A
Acromioclavicular
Sternoclavicular
Scapularthoracic Interface
19
Q
What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular?
A
gliding joint
20
Q
What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular?
A
saddle joint
21
Q
Where is the resting position of the scapular interface located?
A
Between the 2nd through 7th ribs and two inches from the midline. It does not lie in the frontal plane and it wings 30-45 degrees toward sagittal.
22
Q
What is the average range of movement for elevation and depression of the scapula?
A
10-12cm
23
Q
What is the average range of movement for abduction and adduction (protraction/retraction) of the scapula?
A
15cm
24
Q
What is the average range of movement for rotation upwards and downwards of the scapula?
A
60 degrees
25
What are the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament?
Conoid (medial) and Trapezoid (lateral)
26
What are the functions of the coracoclavicular ligament?
1. contributes to vertical and horizontal stability
2. assists in transmission of compression from scapula to clavicle- to SC
3. Functions to produce longitudinal rotation in clavicle during elevation
27
Scapulohumeral Rhythm functions?
1. Permits more range of motion with less compromise to stability
2. Maintains maximal congruency of GH joint and reduces shear forces
3. Permits muscles acting on the humerus to maintain a good length tension relationship and minimizes active insufficiency of the GH muscles
28
What is scapulohumeral rhythm?
The synergistic movement of the shoulder joint and shoulder girdle to produce 180 degree arm abduction
29
What is the ratio for the 180 degrees in scapulohumeral rhythm?
120 degrees shoulder abduction and 60 degrees of shoulder girdle movement to produce a 2:1 ratio
30
What is the first 30 degrees of abduction termed in scapulohumeral rhythm?
The setting phase.
-scapular movement varies during this phase, but most often involves slight upward rotation which is accompanied by clavicular rotation (12-15 degrees)
31
Scapular movement is more noticeable after the _____ ____.
setting phase
32
Where is the axis of rotation located for the 1st 30 of 60 degrees of scapular upward rotation in scapulohumeral rhythm?
on the spine of the scapula at the vertebral border
33
The upward rotation of the scapula is accompanied by ______ ______.
clavicular elevation (30-36 degrees)
34
As the scapula continues to upwardly rotate, the axis of rotation moves along the _____ to the ______ joint.
spine
| acromioclavicular
35
As the scapula upwardly rotates, the clavicle _____ _____ along its longitudinal axis to facilitate the scapular upward rotation.
rotates posteriorly
36
The shoulder joint (humerus) externally rotates during scapula upward rotation so that _______.
the greater tubercle doesnt impinge on the acromion process
37
Phase 1 (60 GH and 30 Scap)
- Upward rotation by Serratus Anterior and upper and lower Traps
- Coravoclavicular tension- transmit to Sternoclavicular and Clavicle elevates to about 30 degrees
- Clavicular elevation results in scapular upward rotation of about 30 degrees
- Clavicular elevation is restrained by costoclavicular ligament
38
Phase 2
- Continues Traps and Serratus Anterior pull
| - Scapula still restrained by coracoclavicular and costoclavicular
39
_______ _______ of deltoid increases as arm elevates.
Mechanical advantage
40
EMG activity peaks between ________ degrees elevation when the muscle fibers maximally shorten and then plateaus after that.
90-120
41
When the scapula is restricted, it can barely achieve and maintain _____________.
90 degrees of glenohumeral abduction
42
When Serratus Anterior is paralyzed and Trapezius intact, _____ of the arm can occur through its full range of motion, but _________.
abduction
| weakened
43
When Trapezius is paralyzed and Serratus Anterior intact, _______ of the arm is weakened and limited to about ____ degrees.
abduction
| 75
44
Without the Traps or the Serratus Anterior, the scapula lies in a _____ ______ position. This increases when the ______ contracts.
downwardly rotated
| Deltoid
45
The Trapezius and Serratus Anterior produce desired _____ ______ ______, while preventing undesired movement by the ______ as it elevates the ________ joint
scapular upward rotation
Deltoid
Glenohumeral
46
What is the function of the middle Traps and Rhomboids with the scapula?
Function as stabilizing synergists to the muscles that rotates the scapula
47
Middle Traps and Rhomboids contract _________ to control the change in position of the scapula produced by the upper and lower Trapezius and Serratus Anterior.
eccentrically
48
Paralysis of Rhomboids and Middle Traps causes what?
Disruption of scapulohumeral rhythm and may decrease range of motion
49
What does the Lats do to the scapula?
Adducts and depresses the scapula, and causes compression of the GH joint when is the arm is above horizontal
50
What does the clavicular portion of Pec Major do to assist the Deltoid?
Assists in flexion of GH joint
51
What does the sternal portion of Pec Major do in conjunction with the Lats?
Causes depression, particularly when WB on hands
52
Pec Minor assists in ______ ______.
scapular depression
53
What does the Teres Major do to the Humerus?
Adducts, internally rotates, and extends it
54
Function of Teres Major on the scapula is strongly dependent on activity of the _______.
Rhomboids
55
Unopposed the Teres Major would _______ _______ the scapula. But the Rhomboids offset this force.
upwardly rotate
56
GH Dynamics (deltoid)?
- The translatory force (dislocating) greater than rotary force
- Jam into arch
- Impingement would prevent most rotary motion
- Must exceed gravity force for rotation to occur
57
Muscles of rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus
Infrapsinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
58
What does the Supraspinatus do?
Superior translation, compression, abduction
59
What do the Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis do?
Inferior translation nearly offsets positive pull of deltoid
60
Teres Minor and Infraspinatus provide ______ _____ to prevent __________.
lateral rotation
| impingement
61
What muscle has the largest mechanical advantage of the cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus
62
Supraspinatus combined with gravity does what?
Stabilizes joint by causing downward sliding of head necessary for full range of motion
63
Vertical steerer?
Supraspinatus
64
The shoulder capsule is approximately ___ ________ than the humeral head.
2x larger
65
What is the weakest part of the shoulder capsule? why?
Inferior portion because it is stretched out in order to to stretch over the humeral head in full abduction and flexion
66
What 3 ligaments is the shoulder capsule strengthened by?
Superior Glenohumeral
Middle Glenohumeral
Inferior Glenohumeral
67
What is normal winging?
when the scapula moves around the thorax
68
What is abnormal winging?
when the vertebral border moves posteriorly away from the wall of the thorax
69
What is the usually the cause of winging?
problem with the long thoracic nerve
70
What is tipping?
where the scapula tilts forward around a frontal axis as it reaches the top of elevation
71
What causes tipping?
the natural curvature of the spine and the curve of the rib cage
72
Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle is ______ and _______ anteriorly.
flattened
| concave
73
What does the concavity of the Clavicle do?
Increases resilience
74
Clavicle Movement:
- Elevation?
- Depression?
- Protraction/Retraction?
- Rotation?
45
5-15
15
30-45
75
When is the only time the Clavicle does anterior rotation?
to return to resting position
76
What type of joint is the Sternoclavicular joint?
plane synovial joint with 30 of freedom
77
Clavicular surface is greater ______ than ______. It overlaps sternocostal surface _______ and _______.
horizontally
vertically
anteriorly
posteriorly
78
The sternoclavicular joint is a ___ stable joint with _____ injury rate.
very
| low
79
If dislocations occur of the sternoclavicular joint, they are usually _____.
anterior
80
The sternoclavicular joint is capsular reinforced superiorly by the _______ ________ and anteriorly/posteriorly and inferiorly by the __________ _________.
interclavicular ligament
A/P sternoclavicular ligament
81
The costoclavicular ligament attaches the _____ to _____.
clavicle
| 1st rib
82
What does the costoclavicular ligament do?
Restricts movement of the medial end of the clavicle
83
Where is the sternoclavicular articular disc attached?
superiorly to medial end of clavicle and inferiorly to sternocostal junction and cartilage
84
The SC articular disc is _______ with A/P sternoclavicular ligaments.
continous
85
What is the function of the SC articular disc?
prevents medial displacement of clavicle, facilitates congruence, and absorbs compression/shock forces transmitted along the clavicle
86
Is AC joint strong or weak?
weak capsule
87
The AC ligament is reinforced by what?
superiorly by aponeurotic fibers of Traps and Deltoid
88
What does the AC ligament do?
controls horizontal stability
89
What is a grade 1 AC joint separation?
damage to AC joint capsule and ligament
90
What is a grade 2 AC joint separation?
joint capsule and Trapezoid ligament damage
91
What is a grade 3 AC joint separation?
joint capsule, Trapezoid and Conoid ligament damage
92
What does the coracoacromial arch do?
prevents superior dislocation
93
What does the coracoacromial arch consist of?
anterior acromion, coracoacromial ligament and coracoid process
94
What are the most referenced and critical shoulder bursae?
Subacromial and Subdeltoid (not distinct from one another)
95
What is the function of the glenoid labrum?
Functions to deepen socket and increase area of joint contact
96
The superior part of the glenoid labrum is not _____ to ____.
fixed
| bone
97
The Glenoid Labrum increases depth to _____ ant/post and _____ sup/inf.
5mm
| 9mm
98
Depth is only ____ without the glenoid labrum.
2.5mm
99
Bankhart Lesion?
the shoulder capsule is separated from the glenoid rim usually following a shoulder dislocation, it is a tearing of the anterior inferior capsule
100
How many muscles cross the shoulder joint?
11
101
How many muscles attach to the scapula?
17
102
How many rotator cuff muscles?
4
103
Dislocation increases risk of ______ damage.
axillary
