Final 2

Question 2

5 Ways the Information Revolution (The Computer) Impacts work

Answer 2

1. Computers are deskilling labor
2. Computers are making the work more abstract
3. Computers limit workplace interaction
4. Computers increase employers control of workers
5. Computers allow companies to relocate

Question 3

2 Characteristics of Minority Groups

Answer 3

1. Distinct Identity
2. Subordination

Question 4

8 Categories of Minority Groups

Answer 4

1. Race
2. Ethnicity
3. Religion
4. Impoverished
5. Gender
6. Deviant
7. Aged
8. Physically Different

Question 5

Prejudice

Answer 5

A rigid and irrational generalization about a category of people

Question 6

Stereotype

Answer 6

A prejudiced description of a category of people

Question 7

Rasicm

Answer 7

The belief that one racial category is innately superior to another

Question 8

Discrimination

Answer 8

Treating various categories of people unequally

Question 9

4 Cognitive Processes that Contribute to Prejudice

Answer 9

1. Perceptual Assimilation: Tendency to perceive members of a social group as more similar than they are in reality
2. Contrast Effect: Overestimate the differences between social groups
3. The Ultimate Attribution Error: Tendency to make biased attributions that favor ingroup versus the outgroup
4. Principle of Least Effort: Tendency of people to be cognitively economical and resist change.

Question 10

4 Patterns of Prejudice and Discrimination (Merton)

Answer 10

1. Active Bigot: Both prejudiced and discriminate
2. Timid Bigot: Prejudiced but does not discriminate
3. Fair-Weather Liberal: Nonprejudiced person who does discriminate
4. All-Weather Liberal: Nonprejudiced and does not discriminate

Question 11

6 Patterns of Majority-Minority Interaction

Answer 11

1. Pluralism: A state in which people of all races and ehtnicities are distinct but have social parity
2. Assimilation: The process by which minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant culture (Resistance is Futile)
3. Segregation: The physical and social separation of categories of people
   de jure segregation: Segregation by law
   de facto segregation: Segregation by fact
4. Genocide: The systematic killing of one category of people by another
5. Explusion: Expelling a minority group from an area or even out of a country
6. Amalgamation: Blending together many cultures/ groups into a single new culture (Melting Pot idea)

Question 12

3 Ways to Reduce Prejudice and Discrimination

Answer 12

1. Establish laws against discrimination
2. Contact between groups
   Pursue common goals
   Equal Status
   Institutional Supports
3. Education

Question 13

Race

Answer 13

A category composed of men and women who share biologically transmitted traits (i.e. hair color) that members of society deem socially significant

Question 14

Ethnicity

Answer 14

Shared cultural heritage

Question 15

1790 Census

Answer 15

Asked about slavery

No real questions about race

Question 16

1890 Census

Answer 16

Asked about race for first time

Categories: White, Black, Mulatto, Quadroon, Octoroon, Chinese, Japanese, Indian

Question 17

2010 Census

Answer 17

15 Categories

Can pick more than 1

Can “Self Define” Race

Question 18

Sex

Answer 18

Biological Distinction between males and females - Males = XY - Females = XX BIOLOGICAL

Question 19

Sexual Orientation

Answer 19

The manner in which people experience sexual arousal and achieve sexual pleasure Examples: Asexual, bisexual, homosexual, hetrosexual

Question 20

Gender

Answer 20

The significance a society attaches to biological categories of male and female Cultural Consideration Learned

Question 21

Adrogyny

Answer 21

The combination of masculine and feminine characteristics

Question 22

Gender Role

Answer 22

The expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females

Question 23

4 Sources of Gender Socialization

Answer 23

1. Family 2. Peer Group 3. Education 4. Mass Media

Question 24

Beauty Myth

Answer 24

The belief that a “successful” woman is a woman who embraces traditional notions of femininity especially the traditional standards of physical appearance

Question 25

3 Elements of the Beauty Myth

Answer 25

1. Society teaches women to measure their importance in terms of their physical appearance yet society sets unrealistic standards of beauty 2. Men assess women's beauty which drives women toward living to please men 3. Men are primed to seek and possess physically attractive women

Question 26

Gender Stratification

Answer 26

The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between two sexes.

Question 27

Minority

Answer 27

A subordinate group whose members have significantly less control over their lives than members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs.

Question 28

Subordinate (?)

Answer 28

Any category of people characterized by physical or cultural differences, that a society sets apart and subordinates

Question 29

Sexism

Answer 29

The ideology that one sex is superior to the other

Question 30

Matrix of Domination

Answer 30

The cumulative impact of oppression because of race and ethnicity, gender and social class as well as religion, sexual orientation, disability, age, and citizenship status.

Question 31

% of women and men working for an income

Answer 31

In 1950: 34% women, 84% men In 2010: 59% women, 71% men

Question 32

Difference in wages between men and women

Answer 32

Women = $35,568 Men = $43,264 In the US, $1 earned by a male = women earn 82 cents 73 cents in Utah 90 cents in California/ Nevada

Question 33

Title IX

Answer 33

Federal legislation passed in 1972 mandating equal opportunities regardless of sex in academic and athletic programs. Proportion of students that are female matches proportion of all athletes Overall budget should be proportional to proportion of females

Question 34

3 Reasons for Gender Difference in Earnings

Answer 34

1. Type of Work - Pink Collar Occupations - Comparable work 2. Family Responsibilities 3. Discrimination Sexual harassment

Question 35

Sexual Harassment

Answer 35

Comments, gestures, or physical contact of a sexual nature that is deliberate, repeated, and unwelcome

Question 36

Housework

Answer 36

Unpaid work of maintaining a household and caring for children (if present)

Question 37

Second Shift

Answer 37

Doing unpaid housework in addition to working for an income (first shift)

Question 38

Division of Housework between males and females

Answer 38

Has remained stable even though more women have entered into the paid workforce Overall, women do 6.2 hours more housework than men