Final 2 weeks prep 1 pager Flashcards
1 card on each study topic
What are the points to know about Germany
- Cool continental
- Most wine region are at the SW corner bordering France, Belgium and Switzerland
- Rhine River moderate vineyards,, mountains provide protection
- Mosel -slate other region varies
- Use large wooden fuder or stainless steel. RS to counterbalance acidity. Alcohol in off dry usually low. Chaptalization used. Have a sparkling called Deutscher Sekt.
6.Grapes: W: Riesling, muller-thurgau, silvaner, weissburgunder (Pinot blanc) , Grauburgunger (Pinot Gris)
R: Spatburgunder (Pinot noir) - Wine classification: Deutscher Wein (no geo indication), Landwein (regional wines), Qualitatswein (quality wine from the 13 major regions), Pradikatswein (distinction a subset of Qualitatswein categorized by ripeness)
8.six pradikate (capitalization is not allowed) Kabinett -off dry/troken(dry), Spätlese -off dry/troken(dry), Auslese -often off dry/sometimetroken(dry), Beerenauslese: very sweet often by botrytis, Eiswein -very sweet grapes must be frozen no botrytis same ripeness as Beerenauslese, Trokenbeerenauslese-very sweet in style.
9.VDP-built on burgundy model. Logo a bird. - Some terms to know: Grosses Gewachs- single vineyard cru wines. Erstes Gewachs- single vineyard premier cru. inzellaga single vinyard, Oechsle Scale german scale to maure must weight, Bocksbeutel : unique flattenfef win bottle from Franken.
- Label terms: Trocken: Dry , Halbtrocken: Half dry. Edalfaule: Nobl rot , Schloss : Castle
- 13 Anbaugebiete (wine growing areas) and a few Gemeind (local community village) to know
Mosel: Mosl River, slate (porous and heat capturing) , Riesling. Mosel villages: Erden, Urzig, Wehln, Bernkastel-Kues, Pisport
Ahr: Ahr River, smalles most notworth, north of the 50th parallel, grape: Spatburgunder (some of the best in Germany)
Mittelrhein: Steep slopes along the Rhein River, continental, Riesling, slate soil
Rheingau: Mountains protct teh region form the cold north , south facing the Rhein River (moderate and reflects light), continental , Riesling and Spatburgunder. Village: Johannisberg
Rheinhessen: largest Anbaugebiete in size and production. Rhein River Riesling
Franken: On the main river near Frankfrut. Silvaner, Spatburgunder, Bocksbeutel bottle
Nahe: Nahl river a tributary of the Rhine, Continental, Riesling
Pfalz: Continutaion of Alsace, mountain protection, Rhein River moderates the climate, one of the warmest areas in Germany, dry wines. Riesling, Spatburgunder
Baden: Covers a large area along hte French and Swiss borders, warmest growing area. Spatburgunder, Muller Thurgau. - Producers to know
Nahe: Hermann Donnhoff
Franken: Hans Wirsching
Rheingau: Franz Kunstler, Robert Wil, Josef, Leitz
Rheinhessen: Gunderloch
Mosel: Dr. Loosen, Fritz Haag, Egon Muller, Joh Jos Prum, Selbach-Oster
more details
Franken: Hans Wirsching
Price Range: $20 - $50
Primarily known for Silvaner, which tends to be more affordable, though single vineyard selections can command higher prices.
Mosel: Dr. Loosen
Price Range: $15 - $100+
Offers a broad selection from affordable everyday wines to prestigious single vineyard Rieslings.
What are the points to know about California- Central Coast
- Coastal counties south of the San Francisco Bay and north of the city of Santa Barbara.
2.Appellations to know: Monterey County: Santa Lucia Highlands AVA
San Luis Obispo: Paso Robles AVA
Santa Barbara County: Sta. Rita Hills AVA, Santa Maria Valley AVA, Santa Ynez Valley AVA, Happy Canyon AVA - Paso Robles AVA and Happy Canyon AVA are warm climate; the others listed above are cool Pinot Noir and Chardonnay growing regions.
4.Monterey has a northwest-to-southeast mountain range creating a cool wind tunnel. Paso Robles is blocked by mountains to the west with only a small gap in the range. Santa Barbara has an east-to-west mountain range creating a cool wind tunnel and fog. - Iconic producers
Santa Lucia Highlands: Ridge Vineyard $40-$300 Zinfandel 2018, (Bordeaux Blend, Cab Sauv)
Pasa Robels: Justin Vineyard - Bordeaux Blend 2017 $70-$100
Sta Rita Hills: Au Bon Climat- PN & Chard 2018 $20-$50
What are the points to know about California - NORTH COAST overall
- Coastal counties north of the San Pablo Bay.
- Divided into Lake County, Mendocino County, Sonoma County & Napa County
3.Moderate to warm depending on proximity to the Pacific Ocean or San Pablo Bay.
4.Often extensive use of new French and sometimes American oak barrels for both red and white wines. Malolactic fermentation often employed when making white wines, especially Chardonnay. Sparkling wines are produced in cooler areas such as Carneros and Anderson Valley. - 75% minimum grape variety 85% minimum for AVA 95% minimum for vintage 95% minimum for single vineyard, 100% for Estate Bottling; must be in the same county.
- Mendocino County: Anderson Valley AVA- proximity to pacific = fog and cool breeze. PN, Chard, Gewurztraminer. Producer: Golden Eye PN 2018 $50-$80
- Lake County : volcanic soil from Mount Konochi, high elevation vineyard and cooling breezes. Producer: Obsidian Ridge Vineyard Cab Sauv 2016 $30 -$45
- San Pablo Bay cool southern parts of Napa and Sonoma = longer growing season. Carneros AVA benefit renowned for chardonnay and PN
- Mayacamas Mountain Range barrier between Sonoma and Napa. Blocking some maritime influence and less fog an sunlight. Mount Veeder benefit from the elevation =good acid balance.
What are the points to know about California- Sonoma
- Sonoma Mt Range shields part of the Sonoma valley from direct influence of the Pacific Ocean esp Sanoma Valley Ava
- 6 AVAs to know: Carneros AVA, Sonoma Coast AVA, Russian River Valley AVA, Dry Creek Valley AVA , Alexander Valley AVA, Knights Valley AVA
- Carneros AVA (Shared with Napa) cool breezes from San Pablo Bay, Marine layer fog, shallow clay, Producer: Domaine Carneros Sparkling wine
- Sonoma Coast: Petaluma wine gap cool pacific air into the region. Maritime influence, fog, PN, Chard and Syrah Producer: Flowers Vineyard 2018 PN $50-$75
- Russian River Valley: Fog intrusion, Golden ridge soil, Proximity to Pacific Ocean, Producer: Rochioli Vineyard 2017 PN & Chard balance ripe fruit 2017 $80-$100
- Dry Creek Valley: warmer climate, well drained soul, Prox to Russian River. Producer: Ridge Vineyard 2018 Zinfandel $30-$60
- Alexander Valley : warm days, cool nights, Gravel. Jordan Vineyard Cab Sauv $30-$75
- Knights Valley : warm days, cool nights, Volcanic soil. Producer: Beringer 2016 Cab Sauv $100- 170 and Chard / $50-$70 Chardonnay
What are the points to know about California - Napa
- North Napa warmer, mountainous region with lower yields and bigger diurnal shifts
- Vaca Mountain Range Eastern side of Napa shield the valley from hotter inland temperatures contribute to diurnal shifts and preserve grape acidity
- Napa River runs through the valley providing a local micro climate water source, alluvial soil.
- Oakville an Rutherford known for exceptional Cab Sauv due to deep gravel
- 8 AVAs to know: Carneros (shared with Sonoma), Mount Veeder, Yountville, Stags Leap, Oakville, Rutherford, Calistoga, Howell Mountain.
6.Carneros AVA cool breezes from San Pablo Bay, Marine layer fog, shallow clay, Producer: Domaine Carneros Sparkling wine - Mount Veeder
- Yountville: gravel, Dominus Estate, Cab Sauv 7 Merlot
- Stags Leap District: volcanic soils, Palisades i.e. volcanic cliffs, unique temperature, Stags Leap wine Cab Sauv 2018 long growing season $60-$100
- Oakville: Cab Sauv, Sav Blanc, well drained soil, warm climate, sun exposure, (p) Opus one Bordeaux blend 2016 moderate temp allowed for gradual ripening. (P) Martha’s Vineyard by Heitz Cellar
- Rutherford : Cab Sauv & Sauv Blanc, Gravel, Caymus 2018 Cab Sauv
- Calistoga
- Howell Mountain : Cab Sauv, Chard, Hot climate, alluvial soul, volcanic deposit, (p) Sterling 2018 $40-$80
What are the points to know about New York
- Northeastern United States
2.Finger Lakes AVA Hudson River AVA, Lake Erie AVA, Long Island AVA - Continental with moderating influences of lakes and rivers for inland areas and the Atlantic Ocean for coastal regions.
- Long Island : Warmer Bordeaux varieties - Cab Franc etc.
- Hudson River Region: Atlantic and cool climate
- Finger Lakes: : Deep glacial lakes, Riesling (P) Dr. Konstantin Frank dry riesling $24.75 (p) Boundary Breaking Can Franc
- Lake Erie
- White grape: Riesling, Gewürztraminer, Chardonnay Hybrids: Aurore, Seyval Blanc
- Red grape: Pinot Noir, Merlot, Cabernet Franc Vitis labrusca: Concord
What are the points to know about Washington State
1) Pacific Northwest
2) Washington has 19 AVAs - 4 (know) and 3 Shared : Columbia Valley AVA, Yakima Valley AVA, Walla Walla Valley AVA, Horse Heaven Hills AVA, Red Mountain AVA
3) Shared AVAs between Washington and Oregon: Columbia Valley AVA, Walla Walla Valley AVA, Columbia Gorge AVA
4)Columbia valley warm dessert, cascades mountain provide rain shadow,
5)Columbia, Yakima, and Snake Rivers provides water source.
Soil: Gravel + Columbia Valley AVA is south facing
6) grapes: Chardonnay, Riesling, Merlot, Cab Sauv, Syrah
&) pairs with Beef and Lamb
7) Quilceda Creek Cab Sauv -Columbia Valley 2012, 208
L’Ecole No 41 = bordeaux Blend, merlot, Cab , Syrah - 2012, 2014
What are the points to know about Oregon
1) Pacific Northwest
2) 21 Avas (7 to know) 3 Shared
3) 90% for stated variety/ 95% min AVas
4) Oregon coastal mountian to the west and Cascades mountain to the east.
5) van Duzer Corrider -gap in the coastal range that allows cool air into Williamite Valley from Pacific
6) Avas: Willamette Valley AVA, Dundee Hills AVA, Yamhill-Carlton AVA, Eola-Amity Hills AVA, Chehalem Mountains AVA, Ribbon Ridge AVA, McMinnville AVA
Shared AVAs between Washington and Oregon: Columbia Valley AVA, Walla Walla Valley AVA, Columbia Gorge AVA
7) Willamette Valley AVA: Cool mediteranean with maritime influence. soil volcanic and marine sediment. Pinot noir and Pinot Gris widely planted also chard and Rielsling. (p) Eyrie Vineyard- PN & PG 2012. Erath PN l-m body, balance red fruit 2012
What are the points to know about Chile
- Located on the west coast of SA in southern hemisphere. Spans 17-35 s latitude
- Hot desert to cool to cold from north to south
- Atacama Desert,
Pacific Ocean provides cool breezes and fog.
Coastal Range creates rain shadow from cold pacific
Andes mountain provide elevation and diurnal shirts. Irrigation is essential from the Andes - Soil is sand resulting in No presence of phyllorexa. Mostly ungrafted vines.
- (W) Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, (R) Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Carménére, Syrah and Pais
- Laws: Denominación de Origen (Do) system refers to a geographical place of origin. Region, subregion, zone, area
- Minim percentage for variety/vintage/origin-75% in practice 85% to meet EU standard
8.only permitted varietals in Do no hybrid. Require min 11.5% alcohol Reserve 12% grand reserve 12.5% - All Dos have north to south orientation. Amended law signify proximity to cost (Costa) mountain (Andes) entre cordilleras (between mountain) 85% grapes harvested in the region.
- Regions from North to south
1.Atacama Do -only possible through irrigation
2.Coquimbo Do-Pisco table wine sub region like Elqui dev a rep for Syrah
- Aconcagua Do (dry needs irrigation) near the Aconcagua river . Much too hot but house to Errrazuris Sena iconic Bordeaux blend. Sub region are along the coast:
-Casablanca Do (cool maritime climate west of the coastal range. Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc and PN.
-San Antonio -PN - Valle Central (Central Valley) located between coastal range and Andes. Humboldt current forces cool air. warm to hot. 80% of Chilean production. Cab sauv, carmenere and merlot
-rapel
-colchagua- mostly bulk wine success in higher elevation. Apalta Do (2018) Lapostelle Clos Apalta- Bordeaux blend. Vinta Monte Purple Angel Carmenere
-chacapoal
-curio valley
-Maule
-Valle d Maipo surrounds Santiago and Maipo river valley. Major wineries: Concho y toro - Sur : 3 valleys- Itata, Biobio, Malleco
- Producers
- Concha y Toro• Primary Varietals: Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenere
• DO: Primarily located in the Central Valley, with significant vineyards in Maipo Valley, which is renowned for its Cabernet Sauvignon. They also have vineyards in other regions including Rapel and Maule Valleys.
• Best Vintage in the Last 5 Years: 2018
• Price: Premium Don Melchor Cabernet Sauvignon around $90 to $120 USD; Marques de Casa Concha $20 to $40 USD. - Santa Rita• Primary Varietals: Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc
• DO: Maipo Valley is where their most acclaimed vineyards are located, particularly known for Cabernet Sauvignon.
• Best Vintage in the Last 5 Years: 2017
• Price: Casa Real Cabernet Sauvignon around $70 to $100 USD; 120 series $10 to $15 USD. - Errazuriz• Primary Varietals: Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay
• DO: Aconcagua Valley, where they pioneer the planting of vineyards, optimizing the valley’s potential for premium wine production, particularly for red varieties.
• Best Vintage in the Last 5 Years: 2016
• Price: Don Maximiano Founder’s Reserve $80 to $110 USD; Max Reserva series $15 to $30 USD. - Casa Lapostolle• Primary Varietals: Carmenere, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon
• DO: Colchagua Valley, particularly recognized for its high-quality Carmenere and the location of their famous Clos Apalta winery.
• Best Vintage in the Last 5 Years: 2018
• Price: Clos Apalta $100 to $150 USD; Grand Selection $12 to $20 USD. - Carmen• Primary Varietals: Carmenere, Cabernet Sauvignon
• DO: Also based in the Central Valley with significant operations in the Maipo Valley, which is particularly favorable for producing robust red wines.
• Best Vintage in the Last 5 Years: 2018
• Price: Gran Reserva Carmenere $15 to $25 USD; Gold Reserve $30 to $50 USD.
Each of these wineries benefits from the unique microclimates and soil characteristics of their respective DOs, leveraging these terroirs to cultivate grapes that express the full potential of Chile’s diverse wine regions.
What are the points to know for Argentina?
- Located east of the Andes Mountain Range and west of the Atlantic Ocean.
- Continental to arid desert
- vineyards are mostly in the western sector of the country
- Andes are 900/3000 feet m above sea level provides rain shadow and elevation. Salta is 1500-2000 m / 5-6000 feet the highest in Argentina. Mendoza is 600-1200m / 2000-4000 feet in elevation.
- Malbec can have an electric purple color due to increased sun exposure at higher elevations causing intense pigment.
- Zonda is a fierce dusty hot afternoon wind. Lack of humidity keeps fungus at bay
- Soli is shcits and granite
- Irrigation is essential and flood irrigation or drip is used. Melted snow form the Andes provides a water source and diurnal shifts
- Wine making: torrontes has no oak. French and American common for Malbec and cab sauv
- Grapes: countries most planted white is Pedro Gimenez for blending and bulk then (w) torrontes, chardonnay (r) Malbec, cab sauv, Bonarda, Tempranillo, Syrah
- 85% min to list the grape variety on the label
11.reserva 6 months aging for white and 1 yr for red. Gran Reserva 1 yr for white and 2 for reds - Regions
Northern Region
Salta: Cafayte -torrontes (p) Susan Balbois Crios and Etchart
Cuyo region
Famatina valley famous for Torrontes and Malbec Domaine Bousquet (organic) and close de los Siete (story)
Mendoza : Logan de Cuyo and Uco Valley known for Malbec
Patagonia Region
: cool due to southern latitude known for Malbec, Cab Sauv, Pinot Noir
Bodegas Chacra and Bodegas Noemia for PN and Malbec
What are the points to know for Austria?
- Most Vineyards are in Eastern Austria
- Continental - some Mediterranean climate (warm air from the east)
- Foothills of the Alps Mountain and Danube River
- Grapes are grown on the steep hillsides overlooking the Danube River and its tributaries
5.Very dry or Very sweet white wine (no off dry). New oak is rarely used for white wine productions - W- Gruner Veltliner, Riesling. R- Zweigelt, Blaufrankisch
- Classification:
-Wein- Wines without Geogrpahical Indication
-Landwein: Regional wines, rarely exported
-Qualitatswein: DAC (Districtus Austriae Controllatus) similar to AOC
-Pradikatswein: Like Germany but rarley produced in Austria - Wachau has its own classification system based on grape ripeness at harvest. From least ripe to most ripe:
-Steinfeder: feathery grass
-Federspiel: Ancient term for tool used in falcony
-Smaragd: Highest level of ripeness- namd for green in vineyards - Wine Regions:
-Niederosterreich (Lower Austria): Dry whites from Gruiner Veltner and Riesling
Sub-regions: Kamptal (Kapt River) , Kremstal (Krems river) and Wacha (Danube River). Wachu famous for high quality wines.
-Wein
-Burgenland
Sub -region: Mittleburgendland
-Steiermark (Styria) - Benderole - Australian wine capsule indicating Qualitatswein level or higher
- Pairings: Gruner Veltliner is crisp unoaked dry pairs well with seafood, cheese, schnitzel and hard to pair vegetables like aspargus and artichoke
- Producers: Emmerich Knoll (wachau) GV, Riesling 2019 $30-80
Rudi Pichler (wachau) GV, Riesling 2017 $40-$1000
Fx Pichler (wachau) GV, Riesling 2018 50-100
Schlooss Gobelsberg (Kamptal) GV, Riesling 2019 20-50
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What are the points to know about Bordeaux?
-Largest ACO/AOP region (not largest winemaking)
-Climate: Moderate maritime climate to continental moving from coast to inland.
-Physical features: Atlantic: Climate temper by Atlantic, lots of air flow from Atlantic so frost is rare. / Rainfall and humidity disrupts flowering / Landes Pine Forest act as a buffer cold air from the Atlantic. /
-The dutch draining o fthe Gironde Estuary in the 17th century left well drained gravely soil. confluence of Garonne River and Dordogne River
-Wines of Bordeaux (w) Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon smll amounts of Muscadelle (r) Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cab Franc. Cab Sauv giver structure and longevity, Merlot contributes a fleshy juicy texture, Cab Franc more tanninc than merlot but less muscular/weights Cab Sauv. Petit Verdot is the last to ripe and sometimes added on left bank in minute quatity for color depth adn exotic perfume. Whites Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon and Muscadets dominate Bordeaux AOP Sauv Blanc offer acidity, can be lighter with Semillon and rounded with oak. The best has a creamy waxy texture. Fragile Muscadelle added for intense floral characteristics
-Soil: variety. Merlot the most widely planted grape in Bordeaux prefer clay as they delay its vigour. Cab Sauv prefer well drained gravel allowing root to dig deep and water stress. Cab franc does well in limestone
Left Bank
-Left of the Gironde
1.Medoc AOP - north of St Estephe - Clay with some gravel, most affected by the Atlantic, higher percentage of Merlot
2. Haut-Medoc AOP- well drained gravel
Commune for Left Bank Medoc are:
St Estephe AOP: northerly Haut Medoc, sturdy full bodied reds higher % of Merlot
Pauillac AOP: gavel soil-cab sauv. Classic claret with 3 first growths: Chateau Lafite Rothschild, Chateau Moutin-Rothschild and Cheateau La Tour.
St Julien AOP- less wines high quality, 80% AOP cru classe, no first growth, five scond including: Chateaul Leoville, Las Cases and Chateau Ducru Beaucaillou
Margaux AOP- largest commune - largest classified growth (21) and first growth Chateaux Margaux and third growth Chateau Palmer and excellent estate commands high prices.
3. Left Bank Graves - soil is similar to Medoc but becomes sandier south.
Communal; sub appellation Pessac Leognan AOP in North Graves. Sweet wine appellations- Cerons, Barsac and Sauternes are located in Graves Superior AOP
Pessac- Leognan famous for white and red. Reds use more merlot. Pessac famous estates use sizable amount of Cab Sauv eg. Chateau Haut Brion which uses sizeable amount of Cab Sauv compared to Marguax but less than those of Haut Medoc. Graves will be less structured than Apssac and more fragrant and fruity with more merlot.
Graves, Barsac and Sauterness for sweet wines
-Sauternes are produced from Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc and muscadelle, dev. botrytis. Sauternes less in the conflux of Giron and Garonne rivers resulting in ideal humidity. Sauternes was classified in 1855 divided into 1st and 2nd growth. Premier Cru superior Cheatuea d’Yquem.
Right Bank
-Red blends dominated by Merlot and less extent Cab franc
1. Pomerol AOP: domincated by sand, clay and gravel- merlot is successful in clay. 70-81% Merlot, 20-25% Cab Franc. There are no classification in Pomerol best properties include: Petrus, Vieux- Chateau Certan , Chateau La Fleur, Chateau Le Pin, Chateau Trotanoy - achieve extravgant cost.
- St Emilion AOP - Broadly categorized into Cotes and Graves. Cotes are steep limestone slopes, Graves are gravelly limestone plateau resembling Medoc. Merlot dominant. lesser extent cab franc . cab sauv rare. Merlot w. more fruit in the north. Lighter in the south with sandy soil. 2 major level AOC St Emilion and AOC St Emilion Grand Cru. Abover that is Grand Cru Classe, Grand Cru Classe B then Grand Cru Classe A. St Emilion Grand Cru Classe A includes: Chateau Angelus, Chateau Ausone, Chateau Cheval Blanc, Chateau Pavie, Chateau Figeac. This started in 1955 wines are reclassified every 10 years
Entre- Deux -Mes
-land between 2 seas- The Dordogne and Garonne rivers
-Exclusively produces white wines.
-Like Bordeaux May use Haut Benauge but wines must be dry in style
Top VIntage
2018- extreme very wet inter but hot summer allowing vitners on when to decide to pick longer vintage
2016- Best medoc red since 2010 dry simmer and cool nights
2015-Predominatly victory for right bank but Margaux had 100 points
Business of the Sommelier review
1.How many oz are in these bottles : 375ml 750ml 1.5 liter - Magnum 1 liter 187ml Jeroboam
2.What are the sake oz
3.How many liters in a case of wine
4. Calculate ounce or milliliter pour sizes from standard bottle
5. What do these terms mean: BTG , BTB, COGS, Bottle Cost , Pour cost, Ullage, Inventory, Revenue, Margin, Gross Profit, Net Profit, Spillage, Cost %, Target Cost
6. From a Standard 750ml / 25oz Bottle How many pours per bottle can you get from the following pour sizes?
7.Au Bon Climat, Santa Barbara Bottle cost= $ 15.00 List price=$ 50.00. what is Cost % and Gross Profit
8. What is the List Price Based On Target Cost 25%
9 What is the BTG 5oz pour Au Bon Climat, Santa Barbara Bottle price $15.00 List price $60.00
10. Calculate List Price and BTG Based On: 5oz /148 ml, Target 30%, Cost 30% for Au Bon Climat, Santa Barbara bottle cost $15.00
11. What happens to the margin in the following circumstances ?
Increase/Decrease Sales Price, Increase/Decrease Product Cost, Increase in Inventory
- What are the calculations for the following
Cost %,
Gross Profit,
List Price Based on Target Cost %
By the Glass Costing
Number of bottles needed is based on the amount of wine and number of guests.
1 milliliter = 0.033814 fluid ounces (U.S.) So Fluid Ounces=Milliliters×0.033814
1.375 ml (12.5) Approximately: 12.68 oz 12.5
750 ml (standard bottle) (25) Approximately: 25.36 oz
1.5 liter -(50) Magnum Approximately: 50.72 oz
1 liter (33 oz) Approximately: 33.81 oz
187 ml (6 oz) Approximately: 6.32 oz
Jeroboam (for still wine typically 3 liters, for sparkling wine typically 4.5 liters)
If 3 liters still wine(100): Approximately 101.44 oz
If 4.5 liters sparkling wine (150): Approximately 152.16 oz
2.SAKE 300ml or 10oz (10.1oz) 720ml or 24oz (24.3oz) 1800ml or 60oz (60.8oz)
- 12 bottles = 9 Liters = 300oz
- Calculate ounce or milliliter pour sizes from standard bottle Examples: 2 oz, 4 oz, 5 oz, 6 oz Examples: 60ml, 118ml, 148ml, 187ml
- BTG-By the glass, BTB- By the bottle, COGS- Cost of good sold (ie the amount paid for the wine), Bottle cost is the final cost of the bottle,
Pour cost- how much a pour of the beverage cost,
ullage-the amount of airspace in a vessel holding wine,
Inventory- The items, goods, merchandise, and materials held by a business for selling to earn a profit.
Revenue-Income brought in by the sale of goods.
Margin-The ratio of profit to revenue. The difference between the price at which a product is sold and the costs associated with making or selling the product (or cost of goods sold).
Gross Profit-The amount of money a business earns after deducting all operating, interest, and tax expenses over a given time period.
Net Profit-Measures the money your goods or services earned after subtracting the total costs to produce and sell them. Income that remains after accounting for all expenses, debts, additional income, and operating costs.
Spillage-The amount of waste or destruction of inventory experience from business operations.
Cost %-The value of food costs to revenue expressed as a percentage.
Target Cost-Planned price points, product costs, and margins that a company wants to achieve. - 2oz= 12 pours 5oz= 5 pours
- Cost %= Bottle Cost/ List price x 100 (for the percentage)
Gross Profit= Bottle cost- List price
Ans=Cost%= 30 and Gross profit = $35 - List price= Bottle cost/Target Cost % (eg target 30% 0.30)
Ans= $60
9.BTG Cost= List price/5 oz
Ans $12
- List price= Bottle cost/Target Cost %
Ans $50
BTG Cost= List price/5 oz
Ans $10 - Increase Sales Price =Increases Margin
Decrease Sales Price = Decreases Margin
Increase Product Cost =Decreases Margin
Decrease Product Cost =Increases Margin
Increase in Inventory =Does Not Affect Margin - Converting % to into a number 25% = .25 2.
-Cost %= Bottle Cost/ List price x 100 (for the percentage)
-Gross Profit = Bottle Cost – List Price
-List Price Based on Target Cost % = Bottle Cost / Target Cost %
-By the Glass Costing = (Bottle List Price / 25oz or 750ml) * oz or ml pour OR BTG Cost= List price/5 (#) oz
-Number of bottles needed is based on the amount of wine and number of guests. ▪ Number of Bottles needed = (number of guests * number of oz/ml needed per guest) / oz or ml in bottle
What are the points to know about Burgundy?
-Set of Five non - contiguous region in Eastern France . The fragmentation impact predictability,.
-cool continental
-Grapes: Chardonnay, Aligote, Pinot noir, Gamay
-Frost hazard in Chablis,
-High planting density is common in Burgundy, Competition among vines reduces vigor, which can lead to smaller berries with higher skin-to-juice ratios, enhancing color, flavor, and tannin content
-Limestone soils, such as those found in parts of Burgundy (notably Chablis with its Kimmeridgian limestone), typically: Moderate Vine Vigor, Provide Minerals, pH Levels: Limestone can neutralize acidity in the soil, which affects the acidity levels in the grapes
-Oidium (powdery mildew) and downy mildew are significant viticultural concerns in Burgundy, as they are in many other wine regions around the world. These fungal diseases can affect vine health, grape quality, and ultimately the quantity and quality of the wine produced.
Recognize the regions of Burgundy on a map: 1. Chablis 2. Côte d’Or - Côte de Nuits - Côte de Beaune 3. Côte Chalonnaise 4. Mâconnais 5. Beaujolais
- Chablis
-frost hazard in Chablis
-The primary soil type is Kimmeridgian limestone, which is a mix of limestone and clay containing fossilized oyster shells.
-Three AOPs: Petit Chablis, Chablis, Chablis Grand Cru
-Chablis AOP: This appellation represents wines made from vineyards planted on predominantly Kimmeridgian soil, which imparts greater complexity and minerality. These wines are typically more structured and have a greater aging potential.
-Petit Chablis AOP: Wines under this appellation come from vineyards generally located on the outskirts of the Chablis region, on Portlandian limestone, which is younger and contains less clay and fossilized remains than Kimmeridgian limestone. Petit Chablis wines are usually lighter, more accessible in their youth, and characterized by their fresh, crisp flavors.
-Chablis Grands Crus (7) Blanchot, Bougros, Les Clos, Grenouilles, Preuses, Valmur, Vaudésir (#* permitted on labels but not official - La Moutonne) Les Clos is often regarded as the most prestigious of these.
-Important Chablis Premier Crus: -Montée de Tonnerre: Often considered nearly Grand Cru in quality, producing finely balanced wines with good minerality. -Fourchaume: Known for its rich and generous style. -Vaillons:This vineyard typically yields wines that are aromatic and expressively fruity. -Montmains: Wines from this area are noted for their structured and often herbal character.
- Benchmark style is exemplified by premier cut pronounced acidity, medium weight, lees character, intense minerality, no oak unless at Grand cru level.
-Producer:
-Dauvissat,
-Raveneau (2018, 2019, 2020 91 points) Early reports suggest that Burgundy 2018 could have all the makings of a legendary vintage.
The year was notable for having the hottest, driest growing seasons since the intense heatwave of 2003. - Cote d’Or (Cote de Nuits, Cote de Beaune)
-Consist of two Regional AOPs: Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune.
Cote de Nuits:
-Face east, steeper hillsides and predom red wines
-varied soil composition, which includes a mix of limestone, marl, and clay.
-Wines are aged in French oak barrels, with the proportion of new oak
-Region has 24 grand crus - all red with Musigny only grand cru that produces white wine
Villages and Grand Cru:
-Gevrey-Chambertin
Premier Cru vineyards: Includes Les Cazetiers, Les Champeaux, and many others.
Grand Cru vineyards: Chambertin, Chambertin-Clos de Bèze, Mazis-Chambertin, Chapelle-Chambertin, Charmes-Chambertin, and more.
-Morey-Saint-Denis
Premier Cru vineyards: Includes Clos Sorbé, Les Monts Luisants, and others.
Grand Cru vineyards: Clos de la Roche, Clos Saint-Denis, Clos des Lambrays, Clos de Tart, Bonnes-Mares (partially in Chambolle-Musigny).
-Chambolle-Musigny
Premier Cru vineyards: Includes Les Amoureuses, Les Charmes, and others.
Grand Cru vineyards: Musigny, Bonnes-Mares (partially in Morey-Saint-Denis).
-Vougeot
Premier Cru vineyards: Fewer Premier Cru sites, with the focus mainly on the Grand Cru.
Grand Cru vineyards: Clos de Vougeot (almost the entire village area).
-Vosne-Romanée
Premier Cru vineyards: Includes Les Malconsorts, Les Suchots, and others.
Grand Cru vineyards: Romanée-Conti, La Tâche, Richebourg, Romanée-Saint-Vivant, La Romanée, La Grande Rue.
- Flagey-Echézeaux
Primarily known for its Grand Cru vineyards.
Grand Cru vineyards: Echézeaux, Grands Echézeaux.
- Nuits-Saint-Georges
Premier Cru vineyards: There are no Grand Cru vineyards in Nuits-Saint-Georges, but there are many Premier Cru sites, including Les Saint-Georges, Les Vaucrains, and Les Cailles.
- Marsannay
While historically not as recognized for Premier Cru sites, Marsannay offers a variety of high-quality village wines.
-Fixin
Premier Cru vineyards: Noted for a few Premier Cru sites but is less famous than its neighboring villages.
Cote de Beaune:
-Southeast facing
-Côte de Beaune is also a mix of limestone and clay,
-primarily known for its excellent white wines, most grand crus in white wine also produces remarkable red wines.
-list of the main villages in the Côte de Beaune, noting those with designated Premier Cru and Grand Cru :
-Aloxe-Corton
Premier Cru vineyards: Includes Les Valozières, Les Chaillots, and more.
Grand Cru vineyards: Corton (red and white), Corton-Charlemagne (primarily white).
- Beaune
Premier Cru vineyards: Numerous, including Les Bressandes, Les Marconnets, and Clos des Mouches among others.
- Pommard
Premier Cru vineyards: Pommard is known for robust red wines from sites like Les Rugiens and Les Epenots.
- Volnay
Premier Cru vineyards: Noted for elegant red wines from vineyards such as Les Caillerets, Clos des Ducs.
-Meursault
Premier Cru vineyards: Famous for Chardonnay with notable vineyards like Les Charmes, Les Perrières.
Note: There are no Grand Cru vineyards in Meursault.
-Puligny-Montrachet
Premier Cru vineyards: Includes Les Pucelles, Les Folatières, and more.
Grand Cru vineyards: Montrachet, Chevalier-Montrachet, Bâtard-Montrachet (partially in Chassagne-Montrachet), Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet.
- Chassagne-Montrachet
Premier Cru vineyards: Includes Morgeot, Les Caillerets, and others.
Grand Cru vineyards: Montrachet (partially in Puligny-Montrachet), Bâtard-Montrachet (partially in Puligny-Montrachet), Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet.
-Saint-Aubin
Premier Cru vineyards: Lesser-known but increasingly recognized for quality, with vineyards like Les Murgers des Dents de Chien.
-Santenay
Premier Cru vineyards: Includes Beauregard, Clos de Tavannes.
- Savigny-lès-Beaune
Premier Cru vineyards: Known for both red and white wines from sites such as Les Peuillets, Les Lavières.
- Monthélie
Premier Cru vineyards: Often overlooked, this village produces charming wines from vineyards like Les Duresses.
- Cote Chalonnaise
-despite being further south the ripening in the Cote Chalonnaise may be delayed due to cool Westerly winds and lack of protection by escarpment in the Cote d’or
-Five main villages AOPs: Bouzeron , Rully, Mercurey, Givry, Montagny
Bouzeron AOP: white wines from 100% aligote
Rully AOP: consitent chardonnay, birthplace of sparkling wines in Burgundy and remains the centre for Cremat de Bourgogne AOP
Givry and Mercurey : best for reds but can do white or red - Maconnais
-A significant producer of white wines in Burgundy 2nd in volume to Chablis
-Chardonnay dominantes may have taken its nmae from the village Chardonnay 25 km north of Macron
-Maconnais has 5 village AOPs all producing Chardonnay including Pouilly Fuisse AOP which has a premier cru desgination vineyard
-The red grapes in Maconnais are more likely Gamay than PN
-Macon AOP - Beaujolais
-Gamay wines
-use of carbonic maceration : sealing whole clusters in tank
-Beaujolais nouveau wines are popular -released 3rd Thursday od November a few weeks after harvest
- The highest quality wines from this region come from the ten designated Beaujolais Crus. Each of these crus has its own distinct identity and character, often reflecting the unique terroir of their respective areas. Here’s a list of the ten Beaujolais Crus: - Saint-Amour
Located in the northernmost part of Beaujolais, Saint-Amour produces some of the most elegant and fragrant wines of the region, often with floral and spicy notes. - Juliénas
Named after Julius Caesar, wines from Juliénas are robust and structured, known for their rich berry and spicy flavors. - Chénas
The smallest of the Beaujolais crus, Chénas wines are rare and highly valued, known for their aromatic complexity and solid structure. - Moulin-à-Vent
Often considered the king of Beaujolais, Moulin-à-Vent produces intensely concentrated wines that can age gracefully for several years, developing complex, earthy flavors. - Fleurie
Aptly named for its floral-scented wines, Fleurie produces some of the most aromatic wines in Beaujolais, with a silky texture and flavors of crushed flowers, cherries, and hints of spice. - Chiroubles
Known for being the highest altitude crus and having the coolest climate, Chiroubles wines are typically light, delicate, and very aromatic, often with subtle floral notes. - Morgon
Morgon produces wines that are rich, powerful, and meaty, with deep cherry and dark fruit flavors, and a notable earthiness. They are robust and can also age well.
Lieu-dit Côte du Py: This is a renowned vineyard area within Morgon, situated on a hill of decomposed schist and manganese. Wines from Côte du Py are particularly noted for their depth, complexity, and ability to age, embodying the fuller body and structure that Morgon is celebrated for. - Régnié
The newest of the Beaujolais Crus, Régnié is known for being approachable and fruity, with a light to medium body and distinctly bright red fruit flavors. - Brouilly
The largest of the crus and surrounded by most of the others, Brouilly wines are generally fruit-forward and approachable, with lower tannin levels and a fresh, vibrant character. - Côte de Brouilly
Situated on the higher slopes of an extinct volcano, Mont Brouilly, Côte de Brouilly wines are more concentrated than those from Brouilly, with more structure and a stony, mineral character alongside the fruit.
Vintage and Producers
2022- excellent ripe- well fruited classical PN
2020- warm dry growing aging potential
2019- very warm lower yields
Whites
2017- Chablis suffered due to frost but ironically great quality higer than usual acidity
2014- mild winter a cool damp summer
2009- Good healthy and high quality across region
A Domaine in Burgundy is typically a family-owned estate that grows its own grapes and produces wine from those vineyards.
Chablis:
Dauvissat and Raveneau
Côte d’Or:
Domaine de la Romanée-Conti (DRC): Arguably the most famous domaine globally, known for its Grand Cru vineyards, including the storied Romanée-Conti.
A Négociant is a wine merchant who assembles the produce of smaller growers and winemakers and sells the result under its own name.
Louis Jadot: Manages production from vine to wine and has holdings across many of Burgundy’s regions, producing a vast array of wines.
What are the points to know about Rhone?
-Between Burgundy and Provence
-30 mile gap between the Nothern Rhone and Southern Rhone
-Montelimar is the unofficial dividing line between the two regions
-Elevation influences viticulture significantly in the Rhône Valley by affecting temperature, sun exposure, and wind patterns. As elevation increases, generally so does the potential for complexity and ageability in the wines, supported by higher natural acidity and more nuanced flavor development. This gradient from the regional Côtes-du-Rhône to Côtes-du-Rhône Villages to the Cru AOPs illustrates a natural progression in quality and character,
Nothern Rhone
-Moderate continental
-Lyon main city in the north
-Nothern Rhone steep hillside, the Rhone River reflects light and provides more exposure. Mistral wins and massif central dries the vineyard
-Decomposed granite, schist
-Terraced slopes with staked vines to reinforce Mistral wind
-Grapes: Viognier, Marsanne, Rousanne, R: Syrah
-Nothern Rhone AOP : Cote Rotie, Crozes Hermitage, St Joseph, Condrieu, Chateau Grillet
- Côte-Rôtie: Primarily Syrah, with up to 20% Viognier permitted. Do cold-fermentation CF
-Condrieu: 100% Viognier.
-Château-Grillet: 100% Viognier.
-Saint-Joseph: Primarily Syrah, with up to 10% Marsanne and Roussanne.
-Crozes-Hermitage: Primarily Syrah, with up to 15% combined of Marsanne and Roussanne.
-Hermitage: Primarily Syrah, but Marsanne and Roussanne can be co-fermented.
-Cornas: 100% Syrah.
-Saint-Péray -Still Whites: Marsanne and Roussanne and Sparkling Whites: Marsanne and Roussanne.
Southern Rhone
-Mediterranean
-Avignon is the main city of the south
-Rolling hills, flatter terrain than the North, the Rhone River provides cooling impact and less slope
-Galets, alluvial and limestone
-traditional bush vines to conserve water and provide shade from the sun
-Blended wines in the south
-Grenache is often the backbone of Southern Rhône blends. Strengths
High Sugar Content= high alcohol, Fruit-Forward, Drought Resistance, Weaknesses: Low Acidity and Tannins, Oxidation Prone, significant variations in yield. Syrah: Adds structure, tannins, dark fruit flavors, and color stability.
Mourvèdre: Contributes complexity, tannins, and aging potential, along with meaty and earthy notes.
Cinsault: Provides perfumed aromatics and softens the blend.
Carignan: Offers color, acidity, and tannins.
-Grapes: W: Grenache Blanc R: Grenache, Mourvedre and Cinsault
-Southern Rhône: Classification tiers
- Côtes-du-Rhône AOP
- Côtes-du-Rhône Villages AOP (named villages) :
-Côtes-du-Rhône Villages Séguret , Visan, Valréas, Laudun, Roaix, Saint-Pantaléon-les-Vignes, Saint-Maurice
- Crus/Single Village Examples: \
- Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOP : Minimum ABV in Châteauneuf-du-Pape 12.5%, A bottle of Châteauneuf-du-Pape is instantly recognizable by the papal coat of arms embossed on the glass bottle., AOC status in 1936
- Tavel AOP : Exclusively rosé wines with Cru status.
- Gigondas AOP : Powerful and robust red wines similar in style to Châteauneuf-du-Pape
- Vacqueyras AOP : Full-bodied red wines that offer excellent value. Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvèdre.
- Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOP: Known for both a Cru for red wines and particularly for its sweet Muscat wines
Vins Doux Naturels (VDNs) are a category of French fortified wines typically characterized by their natural sweetness. These wines are produced by adding grape spirit (usually neutral grape brandy) to halt fermentation while sugar levels are still high, famous examples of Vins Doux Naturels is Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise other e.g. Rasteau Vin Doux Naturel. It can be served As an aperitif: Chilled Muscat-based VDNs are excellent starters.
With dessert: Particularly chocolate or fruit-based desserts, and blue cheese
Produers to know
-Chave: Northern Rhône Grape Varieties: Predominantly Syrah for reds
-Chapoutier: Region: Both Northern and Southern Rhône
Grape Varieties: Uses a variety of grapes, with Syrah for Northern Rhône reds (e.g., Côte-Rôtie, Hermitage) and Grenache blends in the South (e.g., Châteauneuf-du-Pape). Also produces whites from Marsanne and Roussanne.
-Guigal;Region: Primarily Northern Rhône
Grape Varieties: Famous for their Syrah-based wines such as Côte-Rôtie and Hermitage, and also produces Condrieu (Viognier).
-Beaucastel: Beaucastel (Château de Beaucastel)
Region: Southern Rhône
Grape Varieties: Utilizes all 13 allowed grape varieties in Châteauneuf-du-Pape, with a significant proportion of Mourvèdre.
-Rayas: Rayas
Region: Southern Rhône
Grape Varieties: Primarily Grenache.- Domaine de Rayas is famed for its Châteauneuf-du-Pape, which is quite distinct from typical wines of the area due to its higher proportion of Grenache
What are the points to know about Loire Valley?
-Spans from the Atlantic Coast to Central France
-The Loire river is the longest river in France beginning in the center of France in the Massif Central
-Layon River in Anjou-Saumar causing botrytis - affected fruit
-Loire produce the most white wine in France and 2nd to Champagne in Sparkling
-Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Melon de Bourgogne are classic white varietals. Lighter bodied high acidity red cab franc called Breton, PN, Gamay and Cab Sauv
-4 regions West to East
Pays Nantais: Cool and wet maritime
Anjou-Saumur: maritime moving toward continental, humid
Touraine: Continental
Central Vineyards: Continental
Pays Nantais
-Muscadet AOP, Muscadet de Sevre-et- Maine AOP,( Muscat Cotes de Grandleu AOP, Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire)
-Muscadet AOP is the basic appellation for Melon de Bourgogne and the wines are neutral, bone dry, high acid and designed for youthful consumption
-Muscadet de Sevre-et- Maine AOP accounts for 80% of Muscadet production- nearly half is sur lie - process adds complexity, richness and a slight sparkle
-Guy Bassard and others adopted Hermine d’or unoffical label term that promo terroir and stress age ability 18 month sur lie.
Anjou-Saumur
-Saumur AOP, Saumur-Champigny AOP, Savennieres AOP, Quarts de Chaume AOP, Bonnezeaux AOP.
-Saumur is an eastern subregion of Anjou
-Samur is Loire’s center for sparkling wine production
-Anjou produces both sweet and dry Interpretations of Chenin Blanc
-45% of Anjou production is devoted to rose by Groulleau grapes.
- Ajoou AOP is the umbrealla wine for the region: Samur wines may be bottled as Anjou AOP but not vice versa
-Chenin Blanc is slow to ripen - may retain acidity and be astrigent. Savenniere AOP dev complexity honey with age
-Two subappellation of Savennieres Roche Aux Moines and Coulee de Serrant which is a monopole of the rigidly biodynamic Nicolas Joly.
-Bonnezeaux AOP and Quarts de Chaume AOP are noteworthy for high quality sweet ewines touched by morning mist from the Lanyon River small appellaiton
-over half saumur grape are used in Saumur AOP method traditionalle sparkling wines or cremat de Loire AOP
Touraine
-Chinon AOP, Bourgueli AOP, Vouvray AOP
-Chenin blanc has dominated Touraine white wines
-Vouvray can be sparkling, dry, off-dry and sweet in style
-Chinon AOP primary grape is cab franc
Central Vineyard
-Sancerrer AOP, Pouily-Fume AOP
-Loire’s best Sauvignon blanc vineyard are found here. PN while light in style can be exceptional in warm vintage
-Whereas Pouilly-Fume AOP wines must be white. PN may be vinified as Sancerra Rouge or Rose
-Qunicy AOP- white wine AOP 2nd demarcated appellation in France foll. Chateauneuf -du -Pape.
Producer
-Domaine Hue is renowned for exceptional Vouvray crafted by chenin Blanc grapes
-Nicolas Joly known for flagship Coulee de Serrant from Savennieres appleation ie chenin blanc using biodynmic principle
-Dry Checnin blanc pairs well with seafood, salads and grilled vegetables
-Off Dry (Demi Sec) sweet and spicy Asian dishes. Semi-soft cheese
-Sweet chenin blanc (Moelleux) desserts feat stone fruits, honey or carmel
-Sancerre (Sauvignon bknac) goast cheese, oyster, shellfish
-Pouilly- Fume (Sauv Blanc) smoked fish, grilled seafood, green salads with vinaigreet.
What are the points to know about Australia?
-Hot dry interior cooler near coast
-First vines planted in 1788 (near sydney)
-phylloxera moved the industy west
-sweet/fortified dominated unto late 20th century
-Cool maritime to warm Mediterranean to hot and arid
-PF : eleveation in South Australia, Currents from Antartica
-soil type: Coonawarra: Terra Rosa
-Traditional: blending across regions, American Oak. Modern: Single GI/site, French Oak
-Grapes (w) : Riesling, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc/Semillon blend, Semillon (Hunter), Muscat (r) Shiraz, Grenache, Cabernet Sauvignon
-GI is for geographical place no additional laws
-85% required for grape variety, vintage and origin
-Appellations: New South Wales GI, South Eastern Australia GI, Victoria GI, South Australia GI, Western Australia GI, Tasmania GI
-Australia to state to zone to region to sub- region
-South Eastern Australia is a vast and encompassing Geographic Indication (GI) used for wine production in Australia. It is one of the country’s super zones, covering several states and numerous smaller wine regions across the southeastern part of the continent. This GI is particularly known for its role in producing high-volume, commercially focused wines
Appellations
New South Wales:
-Eastern side
–Hunter Valley GI: Sub tropical, high humidity + ocean breeze, semellion, shiraz, cab sauv, verdelho
South Eastern Australia
-Riverina GI: warm and hot, shiraz, cab, merlot, chardonnay, bulk wine, yellow tale - industrial viticulture
-Murray Darling GI: Hot continental, sandy loomy soil, bulk wines, chardonnay, shiraz blending
Victoria
-Yarra Valley: cool climate + maritime, chardonnay & Pinot Noir (p) Oakridge
-Rutherglen: Fortified wines
South Australia
-Sub regions: Barossa Valley GI, McLaren Vale GI, Clare Valley GI, Eden Valley GI, Coonawarra GI
-Clare Valley: warm days, cool night. age worthy Riesling and shiraz
-Barossa Valley: warm- hot, shiraz, grenache, premimum wines (p) Penfolds
-Eden valley: Barossa cooler counterpart, riesling, shiraz
-McLaren Vale: warm- maritime influence, shiraz, grenache, cab Sauv, (P) d”Arenbeg
-Coonwarra: best cab sauv, merlot, terra rossa soil
Western Australia
-Margaret River GI: Maritime w/ cool breeze, chardonnay cab sauv bordeaux style (p) Woodlands Cab Sauv+ Merlot $29.97 (p) Cullen Diana Madeline elegant Bordeaux-style blend.
Tasmania
-cool , chardonnay , reisling, PN, cool cab sauv.
Description of Barossa/McLaren Vale Shiraz
Barossa Shiraz: Known for its bold, robust profile with rich flavors of dark fruit (like blackberry and plum), chocolate, and spice. The wines are typically full-bodied with high alcohol content and generous use of oak, resulting in lush textures and a long finish. The warm climate of the Barossa Valley contributes to the intensity and depth of these wines.
McLaren Vale Shiraz: While also full-bodied, McLaren Vale Shiraz often showcases slightly more elegance compared to Barossa. The wines usually feature ripe fruit flavors balanced by earthy notes and a distinct minerality due to the region’s diverse soil types, including sandy soils and clay. McLaren Vale Shiraz is well-known for its vibrancy and finer tannin structure.
Producers
Barossa Valley:
-Penfolds: Renowned for Grange, which often includes a significant proportion of Shiraz from Barossa.
-Henschke: Famous for Hill of Grace, another iconic Australian Shiraz, showcasing the depth and complexity that Barossa terroir can produce.
McLaren Vale:
-d’Arenberg: Known for a range of expressive Shiraz wines, including The Dead Arm Shiraz, showcasing the region’s characteristic balance and intensity.
-Wirra Wirra: Offers a variety of Shiraz wines, including the RSW Shiraz, a high-end example of McLaren Vale’s style.
Food pairing: grilled or Barbecued meats,
-Clare or Eden Riesling like a NZ Sauvignon Blanc
-Yarra PN parrallels Willametter Valley PN
-Yarra Chardonnnay works like a sonoma coast chardonnay
-Margaret river bordeaux blends are elegant like wines from Bordeaxu
