Final

Question 0

Semelparous

Answer 0

One reproductive epidode

Question 1

Parthenogenesis

Answer 1

reproduction from an ovum without fertilization, esp. as a normal process in some invertebrates and lower plants.

Question 2

Iteoparous

Answer 2

Multiple reproductive episodes

Question 3

Endometrium

Answer 3

Lining of the uterus

Question 4

Circulatory and Respiratory Systems are..

Answer 4

Tightly Coupled

Question 5

The gastrovascular cavity functions to distribute substances to body cells in ______ ______, but in _______ _________ a ________ ________ is needed.

Answer 5

Simple organisms, larger organisms, circulatory system

Question 6

The three primary functions of the circulatory system are…

Answer 6

transport blood, provide the body organs with food and to help get rid of harmful byproducts. (The heart and the lung are the main organs in the circulatory system.)

Question 7

What are 5 major components of the circulatory system

Answer 7

Heart, Arteries, Veins, Blood, Lungs

Question 8

Describe an open circulatory system

Answer 8

Arthropods and mollusks have an open circulatory system. In this type of system, there is neither a true heart or capillaries as are found in humans. Instead of a heart there are blood vessels that act as pumps to force the blood along. Instead of capillaries, blood vessels join directly with open sinuses.

Question 9

What is hemolymph and what it composed of

Answer 9

It is the “blood” for organisms with an OCS. It is made up of actual blood and interstitial fluid.

Question 10

What are the openings in insect bodies called

Answer 10

Spiracles

Question 11

Describe a closed circulatory system

Answer 11

The closed circulatory system exists in some mollusks and all higher invertebrates and the vertebrates. Here blood is pumped through a closed system of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Capillaries surround the organs, making sure that all cells have an equal opportunity for nourishment and removal of their waste products.

Question 12

Distinguish between a single and double circulatory system

Answer 12

the blood is only pumped through the heart once in a single circulation system, but in a double circulation system, the blood doubles back by the heart again and can be mixed blood, de-oxygenated, etc. depending on where it’s coming from. Fish are the only organisms with a single circulatory system

Question 13

Detail the Ecological Hierarchy

Answer 13

Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organisms
Populations
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

Question 14

Population ecologists study…

Answer 14

Birth/Death Rates, density, dispersion

Question 15

Community Ecologists study…

Answer 15

Interspecific interactions: predation, mutualism, interspecific competition

Question 16

What are some factors influencing geographic distribution of species

Answer 16

Dispersal, habitat selection, biotic and abiotic factors

Question 17

What is dispersal

Answer 17

Biological dispersal refers to both the movement of individuals (animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, etc.) from their birth site or any breeding site to another. The act of dispersal involves three phases: departure, transfer, settlement and there are different fitness costs and benefits associated with each of these phases. may be contrasted with geodispersal, which is the mixing of previously isolated populations (or whole biotas) following the erosion of geographic barriers to dispersal or gene flow

Question 18

What is habitat selection

Answer 18

habitat selection is an evolutionary game that serves as a mechanism for regulating populations in space, determining cues that organisms use to choose habitats, and assessing how spatial scale and patterns in the landscape limit habitat use.

Question 19

Name some biotic dispersal factors

Answer 19

Predation, competition

Question 20

Name some abiotic dispersal factors

Answer 20

Climate: temperature, water, sunlight, wind
Biomes
Terrain

Question 21

What are global climate patterns

Answer 21

any recurring characteristic of the climate. the mode of variability with the greatest effect on climates worldwide is the seasonal cycle.
Seasons result from the yearly orbit of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth’s rotational axis relative to the plane of orbit, variations of which may cause animals to go into hibernation or to migrate, and plants to be dormant.

Question 22

What are the aquatic and terrestrial biomes that were discussed

Answer 22

Streams/Rivers, Estuaries, Temperate Grassland, Temperate Broadleaf Forest, tropical forest.

Question 23

What are characteristics of Streams/Rivers

Answer 23

• The most prominent physical characteristic of streams and rivers is current
• A diversity of fishes and invertebrates inhabit unpolluted rivers and streams
• Damming and flood control impair natural functioning of stream and river ecosystems

Question 24

What are some characteristics of estuaries

Answer 24

* An estuary is a transition area between river and sea * Salinity varies with the rise and fall of the tides * Estuaries are nutrient rich and highly productive * An abundant supply of food attracts marine invertebrates and fish

Question 25

What are some characteristics of temperate grasslands

Answer 25

Grassland biomes are large, rolling terrains of grasses, flowers and herbs. Latitude, soil and local climates for the most part determine what kinds of plants grow in a particular grassland. A grassland is a region where the average annual precipitation is great enough to support grasses,

Question 26

What are some characteristics of Temperate Broadleaf Forests

Answer 26

these forests includes four layers. The uppermost layer is the canopy composed of tall mature trees ranging from 33 to 66 m (100 to 200 feet) high. Below the canopy is the three-layered, shade-tolerant understory that is roughly 9 to 15 m (30 to 50 feet) shorter than the canopy. The top layer of the understory is the sub-canopy which is composed of smaller mature trees, saplings, and suppressed juvenile canopy layer trees awaiting an opening in the canopy. Below the sub-canopy is the shrub layer, composed of low growing woody plants. Typically the lowest growing (and most diverse) layer is the ground cover or herbaceous layer.

Question 27

What are some characteristics of Tropical Forests

Answer 27

The tropical rain forest is a forest of tall trees in a region of year-round warmth. An average of 50 to 260 inches (125 to 660 cm.) of rain falls yearly. Almost all rainforests lie near the equator, where temperatures are warm year round.

Question 28

Define population

Answer 28

A population is a summation of all the organisms of the same group or species, who live in the same geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding. Ex. Snakes in Arizona

Question 29

Define density

Answer 29

Number of organisms | /individuals per unit area.

Question 30

Define dispersion

Answer 30

How individuals are arranged in space

Question 31

What are the types of dispersion

Answer 31

Clumped, uniform, random

Question 32

Characteristics of life history

Answer 32

Various investments in growth, reproduction, and survivorship

Question 33

Explain r selected vs k selected organisms

Answer 33

r-selection species spread parental investment across many offspring whereas K-selected species focus theirs on a few.

Question 34

What is a Metapopulation

Answer 34

A metapopulation consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species which interact at some level. With less populated demographics being more prone to extinction due to naturally occurring events

Question 35

Describe the chambers of the heart

Answer 35

The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body.

Question 36

Describe ecological niche

Answer 36

The ecological niche describes how an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and competitors (for example, by growing when resources are abundant, and when predators, parasites and pathogens are scarce) and how it in turn alters those same factors (for example, limiting access to resources by other organisms,

Question 37

What are keystone species

Answer 37

keystone species is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance.

Question 38

What are the main functions of testosterone

Answer 38

testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as the testis and prostate as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle, bone mass, and the growth of body hair.

Question 39

What are the main functions of estrogen

Answer 39

They promote the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts, and are also involved in the thickening of the endometrium and other aspects of regulating the menstrual cycle. In males, estrogen regulates certain functions of the reproductive system important to the maturation of sperm[