Final

Question 1

What are the three major treatment approaches

Answer 1

Traditional
Phonological
Motor Learning

Question 2

If you want immediate success you should focus on …

Answer 2

Inconsistant errors
Stimulable sounds
Less phonetically complex sounds
Early developing sounds

Question 3

If you want more immediate generalized productions and marked intelligibility you should focus on..

Answer 3

Consistant errors
Less stimulable sounds
More phonetically complex sounds
Later developing sounds

Question 4

What is the complexity approach

Answer 4

treating more complex sounds creates change in less complex sounds and contexts

Question 5

Complexity Approach

Inventory Laws

Answer 5

Velars --> Alveolars and Palatals 
Affricates --> Fricatives
Fricatives --> Stops
Liquids --> Nasals 
Voiced obs --> Voiceless obs

Question 6

Complexity Approach

Syllable Structure Laws

Answer 6

Clusters –> Singletons
Fricatives + liquid clusters –> Stops + liquid clusters
3 element clusters –> 2 element clusters

Question 7

What words do you want to use in therapy?

Answer 7

High frequency
Real words
High/Low density for phono
Low density for artic

Question 8

What is a SMART goal?

Answer 8

Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Time sensitive

Question 9

Traditional Approach

Answer 9

AKA the ladder approach

• Treat each sound error individually
• Specific hierarchy
• Progress to more difficult task

Question 10

“The Ladder”

Answer 10

1. Auditory bombardment
2. Auditory discrimination
3. Teaching the phoneme in isolation
4. Teaching the phoneme in syllabic context
5. Teaching the phoneme in words
6. Teaching the phoneme in phrase
7. Teaching the phoneme in sentence
8. Teach in natural context

Question 11

The variations in each level are..

Answer 11

Imitation or spontaneous

Question 12

What are the fix up strategies

Answer 12

1. Imitation with verbal/visual cue
2. Phonetic placement or metaphor
3. Shaping or sound modification
4. Moto-kinesthetic

Question 13

What are fix up strategies for /s/

Answer 13

1-5

Question 14

What are the similarities between phonological approach and traditional approach

Answer 14

both have an order hierarchy

both progress to more difficult levels

Question 15

Differences between phonological approach and traditional approach

Answer 15

Traditional goal: changel the childs pronunciation of a sound in error
- treats an individual sound
Phonological goal: change childs underlying rule system for sound production
- treats groups of sounds with similar patterns of error

Question 16

Phonological approach principles

Answer 16

• therapy begins at word level
• focuses on the phono system
• targets multiple sounds

Question 17

Minimal Opposition contrast

Answer 17

use minimal pairs where the sound only differs by one or two PMV

Question 18

When do you use minimal opposition

Answer 18

• for simple substitutions
• for stimulable sounds
• small number of errors
• not for distortions (like lateralized sounds)

Question 19

Teaching minimal opposition

Answer 19

Phase 1: Discussion of words
Phase 2: Discrim testing and training
Phase 3: Production training
Phase 4: Carryover training

Question 20

Minimal opposition

Phase 1

Answer 20

Ensure that the concepts portrayed are known to the child

Question 21

Minimal Opposition

Phase 2

Answer 21

CDA repeats the words in random order and ask the child to point to the correct picture

Question 22

Minimal Opposition

Phase 3

Answer 22

CDA would point to the picture that the child produces

Here is where they learn that the sounds change the meaning

Question 23

Minimal Opposition

Phase 4

Answer 23

Utterances become more complex

Question 24

Maximal Oppositional Contrast

Answer 24

These sounds differ as much as possible according to PMV

- Address multiple complex targets which will yield the most change

Question 25

When to use Maximal opposition

Answer 25

- For non stimulable sounds | - For clients with moderate to severe phonological disorders

Question 26

Teaching maximal opposition

Answer 26

Phase 1: Initiation training Phase 2: Spontaneous training You are still using minimal pairs Using high frequency and a mix of high/low density

Question 27

What is the best contrast in maximal opposition

Answer 27

A sonorant and obstruent

Question 28

Motor Learning Approach

Answer 28

Principle is that the most closely related mvmt creates the most improvement in overall skills - Child learns more flexibility - requires more self monitoring

Question 29

Difference between motor learning and traditional

Answer 29

Traditional gradually gets more difficult | Motor learning teaches mixed levels

Question 30

Teaching motor learning

Answer 30

Phase 1: Pre-practice phase Phase 2: Practice phase Phase 3: Generalization

Question 31

Motor Teaching Phase 1

Answer 31

``` Should stay here till 80% Teach basic fix up strategies 1. Imitation 2. Phonetic placement 3. Phonetic placement (metaphore) 4. Shaping 5. Moto-kinesthetic ```

Question 32

Motor Teaching Phase 2

Answer 32

Student will practice at different levels or context during each session Want to randomize practice

Question 33

Motor Learning Phase 3

Answer 33

Provide a more natural sequence of the childs performance | Helps them learn self monitoring

Question 34

Fix up strategies for /f/

Answer 34

common errors - /p/ for /f/ fish - /s/ for /f/ hass

Question 35

Fix up strategies "sh"

Answer 35

Common errors - /s/ for "sh" fiss - lateral lisp /d/ for "sh"

Question 36

Fix up strategies of /s/ blends

Answer 36

errors include an omission for C1 ex. ticky for sticky | or C2 ex. sop for stop

Question 37

Fix up strategies for /r/

Answer 37

errors include /w/ for r "y" for r r with distortion

Question 38

Fix up strategies for "th"

Answer 38

/f/ for th | /s/ for th

Question 39

What is childhood apraxia

Answer 39

Difficulty with sequencing and organization of muscle movements specially for the production of speech

Question 40

How does childhood apraxia occur

Answer 40

From a known neurological impairment | Could be idopathic

Question 41

Prevalence rates of childhood apraxia

Answer 41

1-2/1000

Question 42

What does childhood apraxia look like

Answer 42

- Inconsistent errors on Cs and Vs - Slow, broken or difficult transitions between sounds and syllables - Inappropriate prosody

Question 43

What are errors in childhood apraxia

Answer 43

- Errors are made on more complex sounds - Unusual errors, not typically found in children with SSD - Large number of omissions - Difficulty producing and maintaing appropriate voicing - Vowel and dipthong errors - Difficulty sequencing sounds and syllables - Difficulty with nasality - Groping behaviour and silent posturing

Question 44

Childhood Apraxia complex sound errors

Answer 44

consonant clusters, fricatives and affricates

Question 45

Childhood Apraxia unusual errors

Answer 45

sound additions, prolongations, unusual substitutions

Question 46

Childhood Apraxia omission errors

Answer 46

poly-syllabic= more omissions | spontaneous speech= more omissions

Question 47

Childhood Apraxia vowel and dipthong errors

Answer 47

trouble between lax and tense | usually a limited repertoire of vowels

Question 48

Childhood Apraxia difficulty sequencing

Answer 48

increases with length of complexity of utterances

Question 49

Childhood Apraxia groping and silent posturing

Answer 49

groping: ongoing series of movements in the articulators in an attempt to find the desired artic positions silent posturing: the positioning of the articulators for a specific artic

Question 50

Assessment procedures for childhood apraxia

Answer 50

1. standardized articulation testing (WITH VOWELS) 2. Language sample 3. Prosody 4. OME 5. Hearing assessment

Question 51

Implications for therapy in childhood apraxia

Answer 51

They need very intensive therapy