Final Flashcards
(462 cards)
Blood Glucose: Test
Fasted Sample
Blood Glucose: Sources
Intestinal Absorption (except ruminants), hepatic production, kidney production
Blood Glucose: Regulation
Insulin, glucocorticoids, Catecholamines, glucagon, growth hormone
Insulin: Effects
dec. blood glucose - inc. tissue uptake and liver glycogen storage, inhibits liver gluconeogenesis
Glucocorticoids: Effects
Inc. blood glucose - promote hepatic gluconeogenesis, inhibits insulin binding and action
Catecholamines: Effects
inc. blood glucose - inc. hepatic glycogenolysis, inhibit, insulin secretion and action, stimulate glucagon secretion
Glucagon: Effects
Inc. blood glucose - inc. hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, inhibits insulin binding and action
Growth Hormone: Effects
inc. blood glucose - inhibits cellular glucose uptake and insulin action, inc. hepatic gluconeogenesis
Hypoglycemia: Causes
inc. insulin levels (insulinoma, iatrogenic), sepsis, hepatic failure (dec. gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis)
Hyperglycemia: Causes
glucocorticoids, catecholamines, diabetes melitus, post-prandial, pancreatitis, hormone imbalance, antifreeze toxicity
What is glucosuria?
BG exceeds renal threshold -or- isn’t reabsorbed
Glucosuria: Causes
Diabetes Melitus, renal tubular dz
Hyperglycemia: Tests
Fructosamine, glucose tolerance test
Exocrine Pancreas: Tests
Amylase (not good), Lipase (not good), TLI, PLI
Maldigestion: Causes
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
Maldigestion: Signs
voluminous, poorly formed stool, wt loss
Malabsorption: Causes
severe, diffuse intestinal dz
Malabsorption: Signs
voluminous, poorly formed, gray feces, wt loss, hypoproteinemia
EPI: Tests
TLI (blood test)
Malabsorption: Tests
Folate, B12
Malabsorption: Folate and B12 dec.
generalized malabsorption (EPI can mimic)
Malabsorption: Folate dec. only
proximal SI defect
Malabsorption: B12 dec. only
distal SI defect
Malabsorption: Folate inc., B12 dec
bacterial overgrowth