final Flashcards by Shannon Mills

The amino group of amino acids is incorporated into a nitrogenous waste called:

a. creatine b. creatinine c. urea d. uric acid

c. urea

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The portion of a neuron that contains the majority of the cytoplasm, nucleus and organelles is the:

a. axon b. dendrite c. perikaryon d. synapse

c. perikaryon

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. Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiac muscle fibers?

a. they are involuntary b. they are voluntary
c. they contain nerve fibers interwoven within the myocardium
d. they contain calmodulin

a. involuntary

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Compared to cardiac muscle fibers, skeletal muscle fibers:

a. are involuntary
b. are voluntary
c. are stimulated by the ANS
d. are stimulated by sympathetic neurotransmitters

b. are voluntary

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Which of the following is not a step in the formation of urine?

a. filtration
b. reabsorption
c. secretion
d. micturition

d. micturition

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Secretion takes place in the:

a. glomerulus
b. Bowman’s capsule
c. the renal corpuscle
d. the renal tubule

d. renal tubule

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Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

a. Production of epinephrine
b. Secretion of renin
c. Release of erythropoietin
d. calcium homeostasis

a. production of epinephrine

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The blood-filtering structure of the kidney is called the __________.

a. glomerular capsule
b. renal tubule
c. glomerulus
d. nephron

c. glomerulus

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The urine-forming units of the kidney are the __________.

a. glomerular capsules
b. renal tubules
c. glomeruli
d. nephrons

d. nephrons

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Which of the following factors contribute(s) to the higher filtration rate in the glomerular capillaries compared with other capillary beds?

a. The glomerular capillaries are sinosoidal.
b. The diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than the diameter of the afferent arteriole.
c. The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule is impermeable to fluids and solutes.
d. All of the above contribute

b. the diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than the diameter of the afferent arteriole

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Which of the following substances would not be found in normal urine?

a. Uric acid
b. Urea
c. Casts
d. Creatinine

c. casts

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Which of the following processes in urine formation is most important for regulating blood pH?

a. Secretion
b. Reabsorption
c. Filtration
d. Excretion

a. secreation

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Which of the following constitutes a nitrogenous waste component of urine that is a product of muscle catabolism?

a. uric acid b. urea c. creatinine d. creatine e. all of these

c. creatinine

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Which of the following is a not a nitrogenous waste produced during direct phosphorylation of ADP during muscle metabolism?

a. Lactic acid b. Uric acid c. Urea d. Creatine e. all of these

e. all of these

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Which of the following processes results in the removal of nitrogenous groups from amino acids?

a. deglutition b. denaturation c. deamination d. decarboxylation

c. deamination

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The majority of reabsorption during urine formation occurs in the:

a. Bowman’s capsule b. glomerulus
c. renal tubule d. afferent arteriole

c. renal tubule

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The sympathetic division is part of which of these?

a. Autonomic nervous system
b. Central nervous system
c. Enteric nervous system
d. Peripheral nervous system

a. ANS

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A general neurotransmitter involved in brain function and perception of pain is _______.

a. acetylcholine b. acetyl-CoA
c. glutamate d. pyruvate

c. glutamate

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Diploid bodily cells are called:

a. gametes b. somatic cells
c. spermatids d. homologs

b. somatic cells

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Which of the following is a nociceptor?

a. Merkel disc b. pain receptor
c. baroceptor d. Meissner corpuscle

b. pain receptor

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Which of the following is not a neurotransmitter?

a. acetlycholine b. epinephrine c. norepinephrine d. acetylcholine esterase

d. acetylcholine esterase

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Which of the following is an example of awareness and sensation, but not perception?

a. a pebble in one’s shoe is noticed, it becomes painful and one consciously decides to remove the pebble
b. a pebble in one’s shoe is noticed, it becomes painful, but nothing is done about it; it is ignored
c. a pebble in one’s shoe is noticed, it is not painful, but one consciously decided to remove the pebble
d. oxytocin levels increase in a male following orgasm, his “partner” asks him to take out the trash, but he consciously decides to ignore the request and goes for a ride on his Harley

b. a pebble in ones shoe is noticed it becomes painful but nothing is done about it; its ignored

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Sister chromatids are formed after:

a. nuclear division
b. cell division
c. replication
d. transcription
e. sex

c. replication

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The retina is lined with specialized afferent neurons called ________.

a. photoreceptors
b. proprioceptors c. baroceptors
d. nociceptors

a. photoreceptors

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When ___________ are stimulated oxytocin is secreted, which initiates uterine contraction and mammary gland ejection of milk. a. Merkel discs b. Thermoreceptors in the vagina c. Proprioceptors d. Papillae of the breasts

d. papillae of the breasts

Which of the following pairs of hormones play regulatory roles in ovulation in females and sperm production in males? a. FSH and GnRH b. FSH and LH c. GnRH and LH d. GnRH and hCG

b. FSH and LH

At which of the following does the chromosome number become reduced from diploid to haploid? a. Mitosis b. Replication c. Meiosis d. Cytokinesis

c. meiosis

When you detect a low intensity sensory input, such as the dull pressure associated with a pebble in your shoe, the initial processing of this information is called: a. adaptation b. awareness c. integration d. perception

b. awareness

An intensely painful stimulus would be detected by: a. the axons of a nociceptor. b. the encapsulated axons of a nociceptor. c. the dendrites of a nociceptor. d. all free dendrites of a Merkel disc.

c. the dendrites of a nociceptor

As spermatogenic cells differentiate into mature sperm cells, they migrate toward the: a. lumen of the seminiferous tubules b. lumen of the renal tubules c. lumen of the afferent arteriole d. lumen of the efferent arteriole

a. lumen of the seminiferous tubules

As spermatids develop into mature sperm cells, they produce a motility structure called the: a. the acrosome b. mitochondria c. flagellum d. superfluous cytoplasm

c. flagellum

The energy-generating region of a mature sperm cell is called the: a. head b. mid-piece c. flagellum d. tail

b. mid-piece

The implantation of the zygote into tissue outside of the endometrium is called: a. eclampsia b. endometriosis c. ectopic pregnancy d. pre-eclampsia

c. ectopic pregnancy

The mitochondria are sometimes referred to as the _________ of the cell because they are involved in oxidative phosphorylation, making them analogous to this “everyday example”. a. post offices b. powerhouses c. rolodexes d. trash cans

b. powerhouses

The acrosome of a mature sperm cell contains: a. hydrolytic enzymes b. chromosomes c. mitochondria d. microtubules

a. hydrolytic enzymes

Which of the following is diploid? a. primary oocytes b. polar bodies c. secondary oocytes d. ova

a. primary oocytes

The central nervous system includes: a. the brain only b. the spinal cord only c. the brain and spinal cord only d. paired spinal and cranial nerves e. the brain, spinal cord and meninges

e. the brain spinal cord meninges

The peripheral nervous system contains how many functional divisions? a. 1 b. 3 c. 5 d. 7

b. 3

In addition to the kidneys, which other organ(s) also play a role in metabolic waste removal? a. lungs b. skin c. lungs and skin d. stomach

c. lungs and skin

The sensory division of the peripheral nervous system is also called the: a. afferent division b. somatic division c. visceral division d. efferent division

a. afferent division

The enteric division of the peripheral nervous system is also called the: a. afferent division b. somatic division c. visceral division d. efferent division

c. visceral division

Nephrons are composed of: a. glomeruli b. the Bowman’s capsule c. renal tubules d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following produces and releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone? a. hypothalamus b. thalamus c. pituitary gland d. ovaries

a. hypothalamus

Which of the following are the effectors of the somatic nervous system? a. all muscles and glands b. cardiac muscles c. smooth muscles d. skeletal muscles

d. skeletal muscles

The loop of Henle is part of the: a. glomerulus b. Bowman’s capsule c. renal corpuscle d. renal tubule

d. renal tubule

Hormones regulate changes in the uterus. The inner uterine lining prior to menstruation or implantation becomes highly vascularized and supplied with\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ as an energy source that would be needed if implantation occurs. a. proteins b. triglycerides c. glucose d. glycogen

d. glycogen

What is the major difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis? a. Spermatogenesis begins while the male fetus is in the uterus. b. Oogenesis results in the formation of one viable oocyte whereas spermatogenesis results in the formation of four viable sperm. c. Oogenesis is the result of several mitotic divisions. d. Oogenesis is complete before ovulation occurs.

b. Oogenesis results in the formation of one viable oocyte whereas spermatogenesis results in the formation of four viable sperm.

An ovulated oocyte is: a. diploid b. haploid c. polyploid d. tetraploid

b. haploid

The layer of the uterine wall that becomes highly vascularized and thickened in preparation of implantation of a fertilized egg is called the: a. corpus albicans b. corpus callosum c. corpus luteum d. endometrium

d. endometrium

In the process of maintaining pH balance by the urinary system, which of the following ions is reabsorbed in order to attract more hydrogen ions to lower the pH when the blood becomes too alkaline? a. bicarbonate b. chloride c. phosphate d. potassium

b. chloride

The autonomic nervous system regulates which of the following? a. all muscles and glands b. smooth and cardiac muscle as well as glands c. skeletal and cardiac muscle d. glands only

b. smooth and cardiac muscle as well as glands

Crystalline forms of this nitrogenous waste can cause kidney stones and gout. a. Ammonium ions b. creatinine c. urea d. uric acid

d. uric acid

Beginning with one Oogonium, the processes of oogenesis and fertilization results in the total formation of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a. 1 zygote and 3 eggs b. 2 egg cells c. 4 egg cells d. 1 zygote and 3 polar bodies

d. 1 zygote and 3 polar bodies

What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization of the egg occurs? a. it is sloughed off and passed out of the vagina during menstruation b. it persists and provides a suitable tissue for implantation of the zygote c. it degenerates and turns white d. it persists and produces hormones until the placenta is formed

d. it persists and produces hormones until the placenta is formed

What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur? a. it is sloughed off and passed out of the vagina during menstruation b. it persists and provides a suitable tissue for implantation of the zygote c. it degenerates and turns white d. it persists and produces hormones until the placenta is formed

c. it degenerates and turns white

The type of neuroglial cells found lining cavities of the brain and spinal cord are called: a. astrocytes b. microglia c. ependymal cells d. oligodendrocytes e. Schwann cells

c. ependymal cells

The nitrogenous waste product of amino acid deamination is called: a. ammonia b. creatine c. creatine phosphate d. creatinine e. urea and uric acid

a. ammonia

The female gametogenic cell produced following Meiosis I is called a(n): a. oocyte b. primary oocyte c. secondary oocyte d. polar body e. zygote

c. secondary oocyte

59. Primary active transport: a. uses ATP to transport ions into and out of cells until equilibrium is reached b. uses ATP to transport ions into and out of cells against a concentration gradient c. uses ATP to establish an electrochemical concentration gradient that drives passive transport d. uses ATP to establish and electrochemical concentration gradient that concentrates substances

b. uses ATP to transport ions into and out of cells against a concentration gradient

Secondary active transport: a. uses ATP to transport ions into and out of cells until equilibrium is reached b. uses ATP to transport ions into and out of cells against a concentration gradient c. uses ATP to establish an electrochemical concentration gradient that drives passive transport d. uses ATP to establish and electrochemical concentration gradient that concentrates substances

d. uses ATP to establish and electrochemical concentration gradient that concentrates substances

. Abducens

bc. lateral eye movement; “away from”; VI.

Accessory nerve

b. also called the Spinal accessory nerve; XI.

Facial

e. mixed nerve with 5 branches; VII.

Glossopharyngeal nerve

ab. mixed; innervates the tongue and throat; IX.

Hypoglossal nerve

ac. innervates region below the tongue; XII.

Occularmotor

a. eye movement; III.

Olfactory

ae. Smell; I.

Optic

ad. Sight; II.

Vestibulocochlear

c. also called the Auditory nerve; VIII.

Vagus

d. “Wanderer”; X.

Which of the following is the correct ordering of catabolic pathways necessary for complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water? a. glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport b. electron transport, glycolysis, Krebs cycle c. fermentation, glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport d. glycolysis, transition, Krebs cycle, electron transport e. glycolysis, transition, Krebs cycle, electron transport, chemiosmosis

e. glycolysis, transition, Krebs cycle, electron transport, chemiosmosis

72. Breathing in such a way that passive, quiet breathing occurs is called: a. apnea b. eupnea c. napnea d. oupnea e. pulmonea

b. eupnea

73. The peak at approx. 2.25 mV represents which of the following? a. the QRS complex b. ventricular diastole c. atrial diastole d. ventricular systole e. atrial systole

d. ventricular systole

74. Following exercise, which of the following would be expected? a. delayed P wave and onset of atrial diastole b. elevated P wave and onset of atrial diastole c. depressed S wave followed by ventricular repolarization d. depressed S wave followed by atrial repolarization e. delayed T wave and onset of ventricular diastole

c. depressed S wave followed by ventricular repolarization

As presented in the Blackboard A and P Case Study, gender reassignment (GR) may sometimes be performed to correct mutilated genitalia caused by carelessness and malpractice during circumcision to correct the deformity shown at the left. Which of the following terms describes this condition? a. Coxidiomycosis b. Glans Penis Angina c. Phimosis d. Priapism e. Viral Small Cox

c. Phimosis

Which of the following types of tissues is always avascular? a. connective tissue. c. muscle tissue. b. nervous tissue. d. epithelial tissue. e. More than one of these tissues is avascular.

d. epithelial tissue

Which of the following signs is illustrated in the picture below? a. atherosclerosis b. bradycardia c. endometriosis d. pitting edema

d. pitting edema

Which of the following terms refers to a thin band of tissue that secures or restricts the movement of a mobile organ in or on the body? a. adventitia b. appenurosis c. frenulum d. glans e. labia

c. frenulum

The production of ATP by chemiosmosis most closely resembles which of the following trasnport types? a. facilitated diffusion b. osmosis of water c. primary active transport d. secondary active transport e. simple diffusion

a. facilitated diffusion

Caffiene plays a role in water loss from the body by indirectly influencing the level of ADH by: a. binding to ADH receptors on the kidney capsule and blocking the flow of water out of the kidneys b. binding to adensoine receptors in vascular tissue, causing vasodilation and more blood flow through the kidneys c. binding to renin receptors in the collecting ducts of nephrons, thus blocking the activity of aquaporins that cause water to flow out of the kidneys d. binding to aldosterone and prevening it from increasing the production of ADH by the hypothalamus e. binding to angiotensin II and prevening the activation of ADH release from the posterior pituitary lobe.

b. binding to adensoine receptors in vascular tissue, causing vasodilation and more blood flow through the kidneys

final Flashcards

(80 cards)